检索结果-内蒙古大学图书馆

Detection of Porcine Norovirus GII.18 Strains in Pigs Using Broadly Reactive RT-qPCR Assay for Genogroup II Noroviruses

引用

FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2025年第1期17卷 1-8页

作者： Gupta, Ankita K. heinonen, mari Konig, Emilia Mikkonen, Venla Maunula, Leena Univ Helsinki Fac Vet Med Dept Food Hyg & Environm Hlth Helsinki Finland Univ Helsinki Fac Vet Med Dept Prod Anim Med Helsinki Finland

Noroviruses, belonging to the family Caliciviridae, are classified into at least ten genogroups (G) based on their major capsid protein (VP1). The common genogroup to be identified in both humans and pigs is GII, although porcine noroviruses (PoNoVs) belong to genotypes of their own (GII.11, GII.18, and GII.19). So far, PoNoVs have not been studied much in Finland, possibly due to their rather symptomless nature in pigs. In the present study, we enrolled a total of 189 fecal samples collected from pigs from Finnish farms. Samples were taken from 12 farms in 2010, 2019 and 2020. We analyzed feces from growing pigs ranging from 2.1 to 6 months of age. RNA was extracted from fecal suspensions using a commercial viral RNA extraction kit, followed by RT (reverse transcription)-qPCR. The genotypes were determined by Sanger sequencing of the PCR fragments amplified by conventional PCR. Of the 12 farms, 6 (50%) had at least one PoNoV-infected pig. Altogether 18 (9.5%) of the 189 pigs tested positive for PoNoVs. Pigs mostly aged over 4 months were infected with PoNoVs. Eventually, 12 positive samples were determined as genotype GII.18. We could demonstrate the presence of PoNoVs in Finnish pigs. In future, more studies in which longer sequences from PoNoV genome can be obtained, are required.

关键词： Caliciviridae Human norovirus Porcine norovirus RT-qPCR Genotyping

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Two restraining devices in connection to surgical castration with or without local anesthesia: effects on piglet stress

引用

PORCINE HEALTH MANAGEMENT 2025年第1期11卷 1-14页

作者： Hokkanen, Ann-Helena Coutant, Mathilde heinonen, mari Norring, marianna Adam, Magdy Oliviero, Claudio Bergqvist, Tiina Valros, Anna Univ Helsinki Fac Vet Med Dept Prod Anim Med Helsinki Finland Univ Helsinki Fac Vet Med Res Ctr Anim Welf Helsinki Finland Aarhus Univ Dept Anim & Vet Sci Tjele Denmark

BackgroundSurgical castration causes severe pain to young piglets. In addition, piglets experience intense stress from handling and restraining during the procedure. Furthermore, piglets must be restrained twice when receiving local anesthesia before castration, and the injections are painful. Unfortunately, strategies to reduce piglets' stress during handling, local anesthetic injections, and painful procedures are limited and poorly understood. Thus, we randomized 179 male piglets aged 3 to 4 days to be restrained with either a commonly used commercial tubular bench with a dorsal restraining posture or a custom-made castration rack with a vertical restraining posture. Piglets received local anesthetic or sham injections (mimicking local anesthesia but without skin penetration) 10 min before castration. We then compared the effect of these devices on the piglets' behavioral reactions, vocalizations, and body temperatures at the following four times: when restrained for the first time, when given local anesthetic injections or receiving sham injections, during the second time restrained, and during *** were given higher mean reaction scores when restrained in the tubular bench than the castration rack. Piglets showed differing vocalization patterns in the two devices, with more grunts and screams in the castration rack and more squeals in the tubular bench. Moreover, local anesthetic injections resulted in higher mean reaction scores and longer vocalizations than sham injections during the injections/sham injections but reduced these measures during castration. After castration, the skin temperature was higher in sham-injected piglets than in piglets castrated with local anesthesia, irrespective of the restraining device *** anesthesia reduced piglets' reaction scores and vocalizations during castration. However, receiving local anesthesia was painful. Based on piglet behavior, restraining in a tubular bench was more aversive

关键词： Piglets Handling Castration bench Procaine with epinephrine Castration Pain Behavioral reactions Animal welfare Sus scrofa Management

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Pig survival, average daily gain, and individual antimicrobial treatments from birth to slaughter in Finland

引用

PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE 2025年 238卷 106466页

作者： Konig, Emilia Kujala-Wirth, Minna Beasley, Shea Immonen, Niina Piirainen, Virpi Stryhn, Henrik Valros, Anna heinonen, mari Univ Helsinki Res Ctr Anim Welf Dept Prod Anim Med Helsinki Finland Univ Helsinki Dept Prod Anim Med Helsinki Finland Vetcare Ltd Mantsala Finland A Farmers Ltd Seinajoki Finland Univ Prince Edward Isl Atlantic Vet Coll Dept Hlth Management Charlottetown PE Canada Sheaps Oy Ojakkala Finland

Birth weight appears to be a key indicator for survival and average daily gain (ADG) in piglets. However, parameters associated with piglet antimicrobial treatment are less explored. We assessed the factors influencing piglet survival, ADG, and first individual antimicrobial treatment. Data were collected on sex, weight, litter details, and medication throughout the lifespan of 3991 ear tagged pigs in Finland. Discrete-time survival models were performed for piglet survival and individual antimicrobial treatment as well as a linear regression model for piglet ADG from birth to slaughter. Medium (1 - 1.49 kg) and lightweight (< 1.0 kg) piglets at day 4 had 2.26 and 4.04 times higher odds of dying (in terms of odds for discrete hazards), respectively, than heavyweight (>= 1.5 kg) piglets. Barrows and antimicrobial-treated suckling piglets had 1.81 and 1.67 times, respectively, higher odds of dying than females and unmedicated piglets. The mean average daily gain from birth to slaughter was 714 g (SD 70.2 g). Pigs born to sows grew 29.2 g/day more than pigs born to gilts, and barrows grew 13.3 g/day better than females, but these results should be interpreted with caution because a considerable number of ear tags lost during the study could have led to selection bias of the pigs with a measured ADG. Altogether 756 piglets received at least one individual parenteral antimicrobial treatment. Antimicrobial-treated pigs were to a considerable extent medicated before weaning mainly for diarrhea and leg problems during two treatment peaks: before day 8 and around weaning. Lightweight piglets at day 4 had 2.35 and piglets born to gilts 1.56 times higher odds of becoming medicated with antimicrobials than heavyweight piglets and piglets born to sows, respectively. Half of the study piglets receiving antimicrobials were treated again later. In summary, our results show that lightweight piglets at day 4 had poorer survival, and they received more antimicrobial treatments than th

关键词： Pig Survival model Antibiotic treatment Medication Birth week and slaughter weight

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Direct precipitation on demand at large Scandinavian WWTPs reduces the effluent phosphorus load

引用

WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2012年第12期65卷 2106-2111页

作者： Mattsson, Ann Nivert, Glen heinonen, mari Gryaab AB S-40274 Gothenburg Sweden HSY Wastewater Treatment Div FIN-00066 Hsy Finland

On demand use of direct precipitation of wastewater has been successfully implemented at several large Scandinavian wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) as a cost-efficient method of treating wastewater bypassing secondary treatment. During wet weather situations or when the capacity of secondary treatment is reduced excess wastewater can be treated through efficient direct precipitation. This increases the total capacity of the WWTP to remove phosphorus during these periods. This treatment strategy allows the WWTPs to meet stringent effluent phosphorus limits without extending secondary treatment of the main plant, despite high wet weather flows. The gain in terms of reduced phosphorus emissions varies depending on local conditions such as climate, collection system and secondary treatment capacity. It also varies from year to year depending on the weather and reductions of capacity due to planned refurbishing or unplanned breakdown of equipment. Operating chemical precipitation on demand has proved to contain challenges to operation and organisation of the WWTP. These challenges include logistics of start-up, training of staff and maintaining the system between occasions of operation. Sufficient up-stream storage capacity, reliable weather forecasts and good contracts with suppliers of chemicals are keys of success.

关键词： bypassed wastewater direct precipitation large wastewater treatment plants phosphorus removal primary effluent overflow primary settlers

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Can tail-in-mouth behaviour in weaned piglets be predicted by behaviour and performance?

引用

APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE 2016年 184卷 16-24页

作者： Munsterhjelm, Camilla heinonen, mari Valros, Anna Univ Helsinki Dept Prod Anim Med Fac Vet Med PB 57 FIN-00014 Helsinki Finland

This study aimed to identify characteristics of pigs performing tail-in-mouth behaviour (TIM;P, n = 34), their recipients (R, n = 23) and neutral penmates (N, n = 31) at two occasions, the first being at weaning (4 weeks of age) before TIM was observed in the pen and the second being at 9 weeks of age when TIM had emerged, but no clinical tail lesions were observed. The groups (n = 22) were formed by siblings, two gilts and two castrates. Behaviour was analysed as 24-h time budgets and continuously sampled during 30 min of the active part of the day. Category (P, R, N) effects were analysed at individual and (directed) dyad level. P was born significantly smaller than R, but the difference had disappeared at 4 weeks. Growth or sex distribution did not differ between categories. Category differences in performed behaviour were evident at 4 weeks of age, when P showed more overall activity and environmental exploration as compared to R, as well as more bouts of tail-nosing than N. Different aspects of behaviour changed in the different categories between 4 and 9 weeks of age. In P social activity increased significantly and went from no preference at 4 weeks to a significant preference for social actions for R over N at 9 weeks. N was socially passive at 9 weeks while receiving more social behaviour than the other categories. These differences in behaviour suggest that the categories represented different phenotypes of pigs. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Pig Social behaviour Tail biting Tail-in-mouth

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Effects of clinical lameness and tail biting lesions on voluntary feed intake in growing pigs

引用

LIVESTOCK SCIENCE 2015年 181卷 210-219页

作者： Munsterhjelm, Camilla heinonen, mari Valros, Anna Univ Helsinki Dept Prod Anim Med FIN-00014 Helsinki Finland

A decreased feed intake is considered one of the first signs of disease in farm animals. Feeding-related individual data collected by electronic feeding systems may thus be useful in detecting illness at an early stage. The aim of this study was to determine changes in individual-level voluntary feed intake in growing pigs before and after a bout of sickness modelled by clinical lameness or an acute tail (biting) lesion, which together count for a significant part of overall health problems in intensive pig production. The data consisted of individual records of health and day-level feed intake in fattening pigs between about 40 and 120 kg obtained from the Finnish progeny test farm. Feed was available ad libitum from automatic single-space feeders. Two time periods in relation to diagnosis (day 0), day -50 to 0 (pre-) and day 0 to +50 (post-), were modelled separately for both diagnoses using hierarchical linear models with random and repeated effects. All healthy animals in the affected animals' pens were used as controls. The number of pigs in the different analyses were 243/551 (cases/controls, pre-tail lesion), 205/693 (post-tail lesion), 116/588 (pre-lameness) and 165/892 (post-lameness). Feed intake in the study animals was affected by sex, weight at arrival to the farm, health status (lame or tail bitten case vs healthy control), eventual recovery (culled or dead vs recovering to slaughter condition), the day relative to diagnosis and approximate age (the day on the farm), with the four latter factors involved in multiple interactions. Feed intake started decreasing already 2-3 weeks pre-diagnosis in future lame or tail bitten animals, suggesting a common predisposing factor such as reactive coping. Feed intake decreased substantially (13-99%) from control levels in sick animals, with the level dependant on diagnosis, degree of eventual recovery and age. Lame animals ingested two to three times less than tail bitten ones at diagnosis. Within both diagnoses,

关键词： Lameness Pig Sickness Tail biting Voluntary feed intake

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

RAVITA Technology - new innovation for combined phosphorus and nitrogen recovery

引用

WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2018年第12期78卷 2511-2517页

作者： Rossi, Laura Reuna, Sini Fred, Tommi heinonen, mari Helsinki Reg Environm Serv HSY Helsinki Finland Univ Jyvaskyla Dept Chem Jyvaskyla Finland

Present phosphorus (P) recovery technologies mainly contain P recovery from sludge liquor or ash. These types of technologies are suitable for large wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR), digestion and/or incineration. In Finland and other Nordic countries, strict P discharge limits require chemical precipitation, thus EBPR alone is not sufficient. Ammonium recovery from wastewater, on the other hand, is not so often discussed. However, recovery from WWTP reject waters would decrease the energy demand of ammonium synthesis by Haber-Bosh technology and the energy demand of the WWTP's biological process. Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority (HSY) has developed a new process called RAVITA whereby P and nitrogen recovery are combined in order to produce phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and ammonium phosphate (NH4)(3)PO4. Furthermore, in this process metal salt used in precipitation is recovered. The research was carried out on pilot (1,000 population equivalent) and laboratory scales. The objectives of this article are to explain the principles of the RAVITA process and give the first results of processing and production of chemical sludge.

关键词： chemical precipitation hazardous substances nutrient recovery phosphorus removal wastewater effluent

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Impact of lameness and claw lesions in sows on welfare, health and production

引用

LIVESTOCK SCIENCE 2013年第1-3期156卷 2-9页

作者： heinonen, mari Peltoniemi, Olli Valros, Anna Univ Helsinki Fac Vet Med Dept Prod Anim Med Saarentaus 04920 Finland Univ Helsinki Fac Vet Med Dept Prod Anim Med Res Ctr Anim Welf FIN-00014 Helsinki 1 Finland

The aim of this paper is to review existing literature concerning the impact of lameness and claw lesions on welfare, health and production of sows. When using the five freedoms, a common method to conceptualize animal welfare, to assess the impact of lameness, it appears that lameness as a single disease, may affect all of the freedoms. There is a wide variability with respect to the impact of claw lesions on welfare of sows, because only a proportion of animals are affected. Lameness affects welfare due to physically reduced locomotion ability, pain or general discomfort and sickness behavior. Cross-sectional studies show that the within-herd prevalence of sow lameness is quite high and may range from 8.8% to 16.9%. There are several reasons for lameness and claw lesions and they are very difficult to be identified during herd-level clinical examinations. Therefore, many researchers have studied the sows post-mortem and quite often found more than one lesion likely to cause lameness. Not all lesions are associated with lameness, but the location and severity of the lesions are important factors. Lameness can also affect the general health of the sow and predispose to loss of body condition, shoulder lesions and urogenital infections. Longevity of lame sows is decreased when compared with that of healthy-legged animals. Acutely and severely lame sows are removed immediately from the herd, and chronic, less severe lameness can affect the performance of sows and thus indirectly lead to culling. However, only few articles report about production or fertility figures of lame vs non-lame sows, except for ample data on longevity. In conclusion, lameness of sows is an important welfare and health problem and may also severely affect the profitability of sow herds. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lameness Claw lesions Health Welfare Production

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Environmental and sow-related factors affecting the duration of farrowing

引用

ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE 2010年第1-2期119卷 85-91页

作者： Oliviero, Claudio heinonen, mari Valros, Anna Peltoniemi, Olli Univ Helsinki Fac Vet Med Dept Prod Anim Med Saarentaus 04920 Finland

A short duration of farrowing is important for piglet survival as a delay can increase the number of stillborn. Many factors may affect the duration of farrowing, including breed, age of the sow, length of gestation, number of piglets born, housing (CRATE vs. PEN), body condition of the sow and state of constipation. The aim of the present study was to investigate these factors and how they interact with each other and thus increasing the risk of prolonged farrowing. The total duration of farrowing and average piglet birth interval were recorded in 172 sows from two herds (HERD-1, n = 76;HERD-2, n = 96). Back-fat measurements and intestinal activity (based on the mean of a constipation index) were measured in all 172 sows. The total duration of farrowing was 272 +/- 152 min (mean +/- SD, n = 172): 301 +/- 165 min (n = 115) in the CRATE group and 212 +/- 95 min (n = 57;P < 0.05) in the PEN group. The average piglet birth interval was 26 +/- 25 min (mean SD, n = 172): 29 +/- 29 min (n = 115) in the CRATE group and 19 +/- 10 min (n = 57;P < 0.05) in the PEN group. Housing (P < 0.05), stillborn (P < 0.001), back-fat average (P < 0.001) and constipation index (P < 0.05) significantly correlated with the duration of farrowing. In conclusion, allowing the sow to move freely before farrowing, reducing the constipation state and avoid excessive fattening during late pregnancy all appear to be key factors in shortening farrowing time and reducing perinatal mortality. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sow Duration of farrowing Crate and pen Back-fat Constipation Housing

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Use of illicit stimulant drugs in Finland: A wastewater study in ten major cities

引用

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014年第1期487卷 696-702页

作者： Kankaanpaa, Aino Ariniemi, Kari heinonen, mari Kuoppasalmi, Kimmo Gunnar, Teemu Natl Inst Hlth & Welf THL Dept Alcohol Drugs & Addict FI-00300 Helsinki Finland Helsinki Reg Environm Serv HSY FI-00560 Helsinki Finland

Estimations of drug use at the national level are generally based on various sources of information, such as drug seizures, socio-scientific studies, toxicological data and hospital records. Nevertheless, all of these approaches have limitations that cannot be overcome, even if conclusions are drawn from combined data retrieved from different sources. Drug epidemiology through wastewater analysis has the potential to provide unique perspectives, internationally comparable data, and up-to-date information on the use of both traditional illicit drugs and new psychoactive substances (NPSs). In Finland, no large-scale studies on regional illicit drug consumption, based on a wastewater approach, have been reported. In this study, 24-h influent composite samples were collected during two 1-week study periods from ten different wastewater treatment plants in May and November-December 2012. The cities included in the study represent the geographical areas throughout Finland and cover 40% of the Finnish population. The samples were analyzed with an in-house validated, ultra high-performance liquid-chromatography mass spectrometric (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for various common illicit drugs and some NPS type stimulant drugs. The results were also compared with available statistics, information on drug seizures and laboratory-confirmed toxicological data, as well as other studies available based on wastewater analysis. The data show that illicit stimulant drug use is more common in the larger cities of Southern Finland. Amphetamine was the most commonly used drug in all 10 cities during both collection periods (excluding the collection period in May in Lappeenranta). Cocaine consumption remains very low in Finland in comparison to other European countries;it was concentrated in the biggest cities in Southern Finland. This study shows interesting temporal and spatial differences in drug use in Finland, as well as the possibilities of using wastewater analytics to reveal local hotspot

关键词： Illicit drugs Wastewater Drug consumption Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry MDPV Finland

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：