Accidental oil spills significantly threaten marine ecosystems and fisheries, impacting biodiversity and ecological health. This study examines the downstream transcriptomic responses of Atlantic halibut larvae expose...
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Accidental oil spills significantly threaten marine ecosystems and fisheries, impacting biodiversity and ecological health. This study examines the downstream transcriptomic responses of Atlantic halibut larvae exposed to crude oil during organogenesis. Findings show concentration-dependent transcriptional abnormalities. Pathway analysis at 10 days post-hatch (dph), 11 days after cessation of oil exposure, indicates downregulation of inflammatory and reparative pathways. By 18 dph, tissue-specific analyses reveal activation of these pathways, especially in head tissues, alongside upregulation of neuronal signaling pathways. This highlights the complex relationship between oil exposure and transcriptional responses, emphasizing recovery mechanisms represented by regulation of inflammatory, repair and wound healing pathways following oil exposure. The activation of repair pathways in surviving larvae suggests compensatory processes to address oil-induced damage. These novel insights enhance understanding of the molecular mechanisms of oil toxicity and the lasting effects on marine organisms.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are endogenous vesicles secreted by cells. Exosomes (30-150 nm), are a subset of EVs playing k.y roles in intercellular communication. Exosomes show promise as cancer chemotherapeutic drug...
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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are endogenous vesicles secreted by cells. Exosomes (30-150 nm), are a subset of EVs playing k.y roles in intercellular communication. Exosomes show promise as cancer chemotherapeutic drug delivery vehicles given their low immunogenicity and cell-specific cytosolic delivery of their contents. However, inefficient drug loading limits their therapeutic application. To address this, methods for the fusion of EVs with therapeutic drug-loaded synthetic liposomes have been developed. While more efficient than passive incubation of EVs with liposomes, these risk.either damage to EV membrane proteins or contamination of the EV-liposome hybrids with residual depletant molecules, which can cause side effects or hinder content delivery. Here, we present a new, weak.y perturbative method, which uses acidic conditions (pH 5) to enhance the fusion of EVs and synthetic, neutral liposomes (NLs) compared to passive incubation in pH 7.4 at 37 degrees C. An adapted Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) based lipid mixing assay confirms that fusion is enhanced with this method, albeit less efficiently than with depletant-induced fusion. This significant finding implies that lipid-only synthetic liposomes can fuse with EVs, creating EV-liposome hybrids under relevant temperature and pH conditions, without nonlipidic components, such as fusogenic amphipathic peptides, added to the synthetic liposomes. Remark.bly, differential interference contrast (DIC) and fluorescence microscopy show that this enhanced fusion corresponds with the clustering of mixtures of EVs and NLs, or EVs alone, in acidic but not neutral pH conditions. The findings support a hypothesis that content release from EVs in early to late endocytic environments may be a combination of protein-protein clustering interactions and a lipidic component. Further, this study provides a novel method for enhanced fusion of EVs and liposomes, which is expected to preserve EV membrane proteins and func
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells offer a promising cancer treatment, yet challenges such as limited T cell persistence hinder efficacy. Given its critical role in modulating T cell responses, it is crucial to u...
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Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells offer a promising cancer treatment, yet challenges such as limited T cell persistence hinder efficacy. Given its critical role in modulating T cell responses, it is crucial to understand how the CAR signaling architecture influences T cell function. Here, we designed a combinatorial CAR signaling domain library and performed repeated antigen stimulation assays, pooled screens, and single-cell sequencing to systematically investigate the impact of modifying CAR signaling domains on T cell activation and persistence. Our data reveal the predominant influence of membrane-proximal domains in driving T cell phenotype. Notably, CD40 costimulation was crucial for fostering robust and lasting T cell responses. Furthermore, we correlated in vitro generated CAR T cell phenotypes with clinical outcomes in patients treated with CAR T therapy, establishing the foundation for a clinically informed screening approach. This work.deepens our understanding of CAR T cell biology and may guide future CAR engineering efforts.
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the service attributes of ports for ship navigation safety. Based on the relevant literature and the features of ship navigation in ports, the service attributes of ports for sh...
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The purpose of this paper is to discuss the service attributes of ports for ship navigation safety. Based on the relevant literature and the features of ship navigation in ports, the service attributes of ports for ship navigation were first investigated. A fuzzy AHP model was then used to identify those attributes from shipmasters' perspectives. Finally, a Dissatisfaction Attitude (DA) index was used to determine the attributes' priorities, by which the port authorities may mak. policies for improving ship navigation safety. As an empirical study, the shipmasters berthing their ships in k.ohsiung port were surveyed to validate the model. The result constructs 19 port service attributes (SAs) for ship navigation safety, in which, the shipmasters place more emphasis on the SAs of operators' professional literacy, including the marine pilot's professional and English communication abilities, the VTC (Vessel Traffic Center) regulator's professional and English communication abilities, and the tugboat driver's sk.lls. While, for k.ohsiung port, currently, the traffic control of fairway is the most important aspect to be improved. The theoretical and managerial implications of the findings for port authorities in improving ship navigation safety are discussed. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
This work.in progress paper argues that a reason why reuse of software components in information systems development is not more common and why users do not and cannot understand the systems they use partly depends on...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780387848211
This work.in progress paper argues that a reason why reuse of software components in information systems development is not more common and why users do not and cannot understand the systems they use partly depends on the implementation of the current IPR1 system and the repercussions it has for the proprietary software model. A full blown anti-IPR system, modified from the GNU GPL and CC Attribution-ShareAlik. licenses, is offered in its place. Furthermore, reasons why both reuse of software components and understanding of software would be enhanced are given. Also, some business models viable in that environment are tentatively suggested. Finally, how to-at least partially-implement this in the current IPR environment is explored.
Understanding the internal radioactive back.round contributions in its 20 k.loton liquid scintillator (LS) target is essential for the success of the JUNO reactor neutrino experiment. OSIRIS is a 20-tonne radiopurity ...
Understanding the internal radioactive back.round contributions in its 20 k.loton liquid scintillator (LS) target is essential for the success of the JUNO reactor neutrino experiment. OSIRIS is a 20-tonne radiopurity detector at the end of the JUNO LS purification chain. It will screen 1/10 of the LS during JUNO filling and verify that its internal radiopurity requirements of are met. Once filling is complete, OSIRIS, in combination with the existing LS purification infrastructure, will serve as an excellent testbed for various types of LS studies and, in particular, for the development of JUNO's future physics programme. Scenarios considered so far range from long-term LS stability or double beta decay isotope loading tests to stand-alone precision measurements of the solar pp neutrino flux. To maximise the results of such measurements, cost-effective improvements to the OSIRIS detector are needed. For example, to improve the uniformity of light collection, the cylindrical photodetector configuration will be changed to a spherical one. Light collection will be improved by adding light concentrator cones and additional PMTs. The addition of external shielding will help to suppress the external gamma-ray back.round in the central volume of the detector. This paper discusses in more detail the planned improvements and physics cases for the OSIRIS upgrade.
Patient information systems are critical instruments in modern healthcare;thus, modern healthcare systems cannot function properly without them. While there are countless varieties of information systems used in healt...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783319448053;9783319448046
Patient information systems are critical instruments in modern healthcare;thus, modern healthcare systems cannot function properly without them. While there are countless varieties of information systems used in healthcare, there is one overarching commonality among them - they all contain information about patients. Different groups involved in healthcare have an interest in patients' information for different reasons. However, in many countries, it remains unclear who exactly owns the data. This issue thus needs to be resolved. As ethics is critical in determining the justifiable owner of patient information, any legislative solution to competing interests ought to be ethically well justified. In this paper, we argue that an ethically acceptable formulation of the ownership of patient data has already been suggested and that it can be further justified also through the k.ntian tradition.
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the safety of ship berthing operations at port dock. Based on the features of ship's berthing operations and the relevant literature, the safety factors (SFs) of ship berthi...
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The purpose of this paper is to discuss the safety of ship berthing operations at port dock. Based on the features of ship's berthing operations and the relevant literature, the safety factors (SFs) of ship berthing at port dock. are first investigated. A gap assessment model based on Fuzzy AHP is then proposed to assess the perceived differences on those SFs between port marine pilots and shipmasters. Finally, the ships' berthing operations at k.ohsiung Port in Taiwan were employed to illustrate the model's practical application. The result may provide practical information for both marine pilots and shipmasters to improve the safety performance of ship berthing operations at port dock..
A description is given of recent high-resolution observations of the sun made at 80 MHz with the Culgoora radioheliograph. In many cases the sources of type I storms show bi-polar structure, the two components being s...
Liquid applied layers, whether water or solvent based, must be at least dried physically, or even partially cured or hardened. The necessary process step for liquid crosslink.ng is usually crucial for speed, time, spa...
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