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Improved Protective Efficacy in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Against Vibrio anguillarum Through Immunization with a Combination of Formalin-killed and Auxotrophic-Live V. anguillarum

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MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY 2025年第1期27卷 1-5页

作者： Lee, Kyung Min kim, ki hong Pukyong Natl Univ Dept Aquat Life Med Busan 48513 South Korea

Vibriosis caused by Vibrio anguillarum has been an important bacterial disease in cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In the present study, we evaluated the protective efficacy of a vaccine that consists of formalin-killed (FK) V. anguillarum and the alr genes knockout auxotrophic-live (AL) V. anguillarum (Delta alr1 Delta alr2 V. anguillarum). Fish were immunized with a high dose of the FK V. anguillarum vaccine or four different combinations of FK and AL V. anguillarum. In the challenge test, fish immunized with 1 x 106 CFU of FK V. anguillarum plus 1 x 104 CFU of AL V. anguillarum (FK-106 + AL-104) showed complete protection (100% RPS) against V. anguillarum. In comparison, fish immunized with 1 x 107 CFU of FK V. anguillarum (FK-107) showed much lower survival rates. In the result of ELISA, the antibody titer of fish immunized with FK-106 + AL-104 was significantly higher than that of the PBS group, but the titer was not higher than FK-107, suggesting that the higher protection by the FK + AL combination vaccine might be mediated by not only humoral immunity but also other protective factors conferred by live bacteria in the combination vaccine. In conclusion, the present FK + AL combination vaccine efficiently protected rainbow trout with approximately 10 times lower doses of bacteria than FK-107, which could lessen the safety problem caused by a high-tittered live bacteria vaccine and the lower immunogenicity problem of killed bacteria vaccine.

关键词： Vibrio anguillarum Rainbow trout Auxotrophic V. anguillarum Formalin-killed V. anguillarum Combination vaccine

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In vitro and in vivo infection of snakehead rhabdovirus (SHRV) and recombinant chimeric SHRVs in Penaeus vannamei to evaluate availability as a vector for heterologous protein expression

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FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2025年 161卷 110280页

作者： Choi, Myoung Gwang kim, ki hong Pukyong Natl Univ Dept Aquat Life Med Pusan 48513 South Korea

The development of viral vectors for heterologous protein expression in shrimp has been limited by the absence of stable shrimp cell lines capable of supporting consistent viral replication. This study addresses this critical challenge by exploring snakehead rhabdovirus (SHRV) as a potential vector that can propagate in fish-derived cell lines and simultaneously infect shrimp. Recombinant SHRVs (rSHRVs) expressing foreign proteins, including chimeric variants with glycoprotein substitutions from vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) or spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV), were rescued through reverse genetic technology. In vitro experiments demonstrated that both native and chimeric rSHRVs effectively infected primary cultured lymphoid organ cells from Penaeus vannamei, resulting in the successful expression of reporter proteins. In vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLI) confirmed systemic expression of the foreign protein, with rSHRV-ALuc2 showing efficient infection and spread in shrimp tissues. Among the chimeric variants, rSHRV-ALuc2-GVSV exhibited rapid initial infectivity but did not significantly outperform native rSHRV in prolonged replication. The use of SHRV, which propagates robustly in fish-derived EPC cells while maintaining infectivity in shrimp, represents a significant step towards overcoming the lack of shrimp cell lines for the development of heterologous protein expression tools using recombinant viruses. In the non-invasive route, while oral administration was unsuccessful partially due to viral instability in feed, reverse gavage demonstrated partial success with detectable viral loads but no bioluminescence signals. This study highlights the potential of SHRV as a versatile viral heterologous protein expression vector for shrimp. Further research is required to enhance infection and expression efficiencies and develop practical, non-invasive methods for broader application in aquaculture.

关键词： Snakehead rhabdovirus (SHRV) Recombinant chimeric SHRVs Penaeus vannamei In vitro and in vivo infection Bioluminescence imaging (BLI)

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Endoscope-Assisted Anterior Odontoid Screw Fixation for Odontoid Fracture

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WORLD NEUROSURGERY 2025年 195卷 123594-123594页

作者： kim, Kwang-Ryeol kim, ki hong kim, Dae-Hyun Daegu Catholic Univ Coll Med Dept Neurosurg Daegu South Korea

OBJECTIVE: Odontoid fractures in older adults often lead to substantial morbidity and mortality. This study explores the outcomes of water-based endoscope-assisted anterior odontoid screw (AOS) fixation, a minimally invasive technique, in managing these fractures. METHODS: Six patients (5 men, 1 woman) underwent endoscope-assisted AOS fixation for displaced odontoid fractures. Surgical procedures and follow-up assessments were reviewed retrospectively. Inclusion criteria included type IIa or type IIb odontoid fractures with potential nonunion/instability. RESULTS: Surgical procedures demonstrated no intra-operative complications. The mean operation time was 82 minutes (69-107 minutes), with an average estimated blood loss of 28 mL (10-50 mL). Among the 5 patients followed for >6 months, 4 (80%) showed successful fusion through computed tomography. Screw-related complications were observed in 1 patient. CONCLUSIONS: AOS fixation is advocated for managing unstable odontoid fractures and providing strength and fracture union rates without impending cervical motion. Incorporating minimally invasive approaches, particularly endoscopic techniques, has garnered interest. The novel endoscope-assisted AOS fixation method, unlike prior approaches, begins with endoscopic guidance and minimal incisions, potentially reducing the risk of neurovascular injury. This novel technique shows promise as an effective strategy for addressing unstable odontoid fractures.

关键词： Anterior cervical Endoscopic surgery Minimally invasive surgery Odontoid process

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Evaluation of inactivated snakehead rhabdovirus as an internal positive control for RT-qPCR diagnosis of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus in fish

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JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS 2025年 334卷 115128页

作者： Choi, Myoung Gwang kim, Do-Hyung kim, Hyoung Jun kim, ki hong Pukyong Natl Univ Dept Aquat Life Med Busan 48513 South Korea Natl Inst Fisheries Sci WOAH Reference Lab VHS Busan 46083 South Korea

Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is a significant pathogen causing mass mortalities in marine and freshwater fish worldwide. Accurate diagnosis through quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) is essential to prevent its spread, but false negatives can compromise results. In this study, we evaluate the use of heat-inactivated snakehead rhabdovirus (SHRV) as an internal positive control (IPC) for VHSV diagnosis. SHRV's similarity to VHSV in viral structure and genome makes it an ideal IPC. The introduction of SHRV IPC into the RT-qPCR workflow can improve the reliability of diagnostic results by enabling the detection of technical failures during the RNA extraction or amplification process. Our results show that heat-inactivated SHRV preserved RNA integrity for IPC use, and SHRV IPC can provide a useful tool for detecting and interpreting false negatives without affecting assay sensitivity.

关键词： VHSV diagnosis RT-qPCR False negatives SHRV Internal positive control

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Effect of epinephrine administration interval on cerebral perfusion in a porcine cardiac arrest model

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2025年 90卷 81-87页

作者： kim, ki hong hong, ki Jeong Do Shin, Sang Song, Kyoung Jun kim, Yoonjic Choi, Dong Hyun Park, Jeong Ho Jeong, Joo hong, ki Jeong kim, Tae Han Ro, Young Sun Kang, Hyun Jeong Seoul Natl Univ Hosp Dept Emergency Med Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Emergency Med Boramae Med Ctr Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Biomed Engn Coll Med Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Emergency Med Bundang Hosp Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Hosp Lab Emergency Med Serv Biomed Res Inst Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Emergency Med Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Emergency Med Coll Med Seoul South Korea

Objectives: The recommended epinephrine administration interval during CPR is between 3 and 5 min. However, the optimal interval for improving cerebral perfusion remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of epinephrine administration interval of 3 min or 5 min on cerebral perfusion pressure (CEPP) and cortical cerebral blood flow (CCBF) in a porcine cardiac arrest model. Methods: An experimental model of ventricular fibrillation (VF) cardiac arrest was conducted using 26 pigs, randomised into 3-min and 5-min interval groups. Six minutes after VF induction, all pigs received 4 min of chest compressions, followed by 20 min of advanced cardiovascular life support, including defibrillation and intravenous epinephrine administration. CEPP and CCBF were measured simultaneously throughout the experiment. Results: Each of the experimental groups comprised 13 pigs. The 3-min group showed higher CEPP compared with the 5-min group in between 16 min and 20 min, 26 min and 30 min from VF induction: mean (95 % Confidence intervals) 26.8 (4.7-49.0) mmHg for 3-min group and 11.3 (-5.7-28.3) mmHg for 5-min group in 18 to 20 min from VF induction, which showed biggest difference. No significant difference was observed in CCBF between the 3-min and 5-min groups throughout the resuscitation phase (from the first epinephrine administration): The relative ratios 6 to 8 min after VF induction ranged from 0.21 to 0.86 in the 3-min group, and 0.35 to 0.77 in the 5-min group. Conclusion: The 3-min epinephrine administration interval showed a higher CEPP compared with the 5-min interval. No significant differences were found in the CCBF between the two interval groups. (c) 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

关键词： Cardiac arrest Epinephrine Cerebral perfusion Animal experimentation Swine

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THRU-REFLECT Method for Scattering Parameter Extraction from Back-to-Back Measurements of Waveguide Components

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SENSORS 2025年第7期25卷 2277-2277页

作者： Xu, Songyuan Heo, Jiwon Lee, Chan-Soo kim, ki-hong Ahn, Bierng-Chearl Chungbuk Natl Univ Sch Elect & Comp Engn Cheongju 28644 South Korea

The design of new waveguide components is often verified by back-to-back measurements of two identically fabricated units without extracting the characteristics of a single device. This paper presents a simple method of extracting the scattering parameters of waveguide components from back-to-back measurements. The proposed method requires only three waveguide mating connections: one for reflection measurement with an offset SHORT and two for transmission measurement with a THRU configuration. A singular condition in the S-parameter extraction equations is derived, and the optimum length of an offset SHORT standard or a reflecting load is determined based on the singularity condition. The numerical simulation of a broadband coax-to-waveguide transition is employed to show the workings of the proposed method.

关键词： S-parameter extraction back-to-back measurement waveguide components

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The effect of applying lead ion to the surface of TiO2 on dye-adsorption rate and photovoltaic properties of solar cells

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JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY 2025年 142卷 441-448页

作者： kim, Miran Ryu, Kyeong Ho Bin kim, Soo Gu, Ju Hee Kwak, Chang Sub kim, ki hong Han, Yoon Soo Daegu Catholic Univ Dept Adv Mat & Chem Engn 13-13 Hayang Ro Gyongsan 38430 Gyeongbuk South Korea Daegu Catholic Univ Fash Tech Ind Res Ctr Gyongsan 38430 Gyeongbuk South Korea Daegu Catholic Univ Dept Optometry & Vis Sci Gyongsan 38430 Gyeongbuk South Korea

Lead ion was incorporated into TiO2 layers prepared on an F-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate. The resulting electrodes (Pb2+-TiO2/FTO) were sensitized with N719 dye and put to use in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Owing to the electrostatic attraction between the positively charged TiO2 and the carboxylate anions (-COO- ) in the N719 dye, more dye was adsorbed into the Pb2+-TiO2/FTO, which required only 2 h for sensitization, than in a reference TiO2/FTO electrode that was sensitized for 8 h. The power conversion efficiency of a DSC with the Pb2+-TiO2/FTO rose to 10.01 % over the efficiency (9.29 %) of the reference device. It was found that the increased dye adsorption in the Pb2+-TiO2/FTO allowed the cells to more efficiently harvest light and collect electrons, resulting in a higher short-circuit current in the DSC. The larger amount of dye also induced a higher open-circuit voltage in the cell by increasing the total number of photoinjected electrons and prolonging their lifetime.

关键词： Dye-sensitized solar cell Dye adsorption Electrostatic attraction Lead ion N719

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Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of γ-Carboxy-β-amino Acids via Desymmetric Alcoholysis of 3-Aminoglutaric Anhydrides

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ORGANIC LETTERS 2025年第15期27卷 3988-3993页

作者： Yang, Sehun Lee, Jaeyong kim, hong ki Lee, Geumwoo Ha, Min Woo Pavankumar, Kondapalli kim, Mi-hyun Park, Hyeung-geun Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Pharmaceut Sci Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Coll Pharm Seoul 08826 South Korea Jeju Natl Univ Jeju Res Inst Pharmaceut Sci Coll Pharm Jeju 63243 South Korea Gachon Univ Coll Pharm Incheon 21936 South Korea

A highly enantioselective synthetic method of gamma-carboxy-beta-amino acids has been developed via the desymmetric alcoholysis of 3-aminoglutaric anhydrides. The asymmetric desymmetrization of N-trifluoroacetyl-N-acyl-3-aminoglutaric anhydrides with alcohols in the presence of bis-quinine-squaramide as a bifunctional organocatalyst afforded gamma-carboxy-beta-amino acids with up to 99% yield and 98% ee. These versatile compounds can be readily converted into various chiral derivatives. The practicality of this method was further demonstrated by its successful application in the synthesis of beta-amino acid and beta-amino lactone derivatives.

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Enhanced diagnosis of pes planus and pes cavus using deep learning-based segmentation of weight-bearing lateral foot radiographs: a comparative observer study

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BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LETTERS 2025年第1期15卷 203-215页

作者： Ryu, Seung Min Shin, Keewon Shin, Soo Wung Lee, Sun Ho Seo, Su Min Koh, Seung hong Ryu, Seung-Ah kim, ki-hong Ko, Jeong Hwan Doh, Chang Hyun Choi, Young Rak kim, Namkug Seoul Med Ctr Dept Orthoped Surg Seoul South Korea Korea Univ Coll Med Dept Artificial Intelligence Res Ctr Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Seoul South Korea Chonnam Natl Univ Hosp Dept Orthoped Surg Gwangju South Korea Seoul Med Ctr Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Med Seoul South Korea Univ Ulsan Asan Med Inst Convergence Sci & Technol Asan Med Ctr Dept Biomed EngnColl Med Seoul South Korea Univ Ulsan Coll Med Asan Med Ctr Dept Orthoped Surg Seoul South Korea Univ Ulsan Asan Med Inst Convergence Sci & Technol Asan Med Ctr Dept Convergence MedColl Med Seoul South Korea Univ Ulsan Res Inst Radiol Asan Med Ctr Dept RadiolColl Med 26 Olymp Ro 43 Gil Seoul 05505 South Korea

A weight-bearing lateral radiograph (WBLR) of the foot is a gold standard for diagnosing adult-acquired flatfoot deformity. However, it is difficult to measure the major axis of bones in WBLR without using auxiliary lines. Herein, we develop semantic segmentation with a deep learning model (DLm) on the WBLR of the foot for enhanced diagnosis of pes planus and pes cavus. We used 300 consecutive WBLRs from young Korean males. The semantic segmentation model was developed based on U2-Net. An expert orthopedic surgeon manually labeled ground truths. We used 200 radiographs for training, 100 for internal validation, and two external datasets for external validation. The model was trained using a hybrid loss function, combining Dice Loss and boundary-based loss, to enhance both overall segmentation accuracy and precise delineation of boundary regions between pes planus and pes cavus. Angle measurement errors with minimum moment of inertia (MMI) and ellipsoidal fitting (EF) based on the segmentation results were evaluated. The DLm exhibited better results than human observers. For internal validation, the absolute angle errors of the DLm using MMI and EF were 0.92 +/- 1.32 degrees and 1.34 +/- 2.07 degrees, respectively. In external validation, these errors were 1.17 +/- 1.60 degrees and 1.60 +/- 2.42 degrees for AMC's dataset, and 1.23 +/- 1.39 degrees and 1.68 +/- 1.98 degrees for the LERA dataset, respectively. The DLm showed higher overall diagnostic accuracy than human observers in identifying flatfoot angles, regardless of the measurement methods. The absolute angle errors and diagnostic accuracy of the developed DLm are superior to those of the three human observers. Furthermore, when comparing the angle measurement methods within the DLm, the MMI method proves to be more accurate than EF. Finally, the proposed deep learning model, particularly with the implementation of the U2-Net demonstrates enhanced boundary segmentation and achieves sufficient external validati

关键词： Deep learning Artificial intelligence Segmentation Orthopaedics X-rays Computer-assisted diagnosis

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Self-assembly of chiroptical ionic co-crystals from silver nanoclusters and organic macrocycles

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NATURE CHEMISTRY 2025年第2期17卷 1-8页

作者： Li, Yingwei Stec, Grant J. kim, hong ki Thapa, Surendra Zheng, Shao-Liang Mcclelland, Arthur Mason, Jarad A. Harvard Univ Dept Chem & Chem Biol Cambridge MA 02138 USA Harvard Univ Ctr Nanoscale Syst Cambridge MA USA Univ Hawaii Manoa Dept Chem Honolulu HI USA

Atomically precise nanoclusters can be assembled into ordered superlattices with unique electronic, magnetic, optical and catalytic properties. The co-crystallization of nanoclusters with functional organic molecules provides opportunities to access an even wider range of structures and properties, but can be challenging to control synthetically. Here we introduce a supramolecular approach to direct the assembly of atomically precise silver nanoclusters into a series of nanocluster-organic ionic co-crystals with tunable structures and properties. By leveraging non-covalent interactions between anionic silver nanoclusters and cationic organic macrocycles of varying sizes, the orientation of nanocluster surface ligands can be manipulated to achieve in situ resolution of enantiopure nanocluster-organic ionic co-crystals that feature large chiroptical effects. Beyond chirality, this co-crystal assembly approach provides a promising platform for designing functional solid-state nanomaterials through a combination of supramolecular chemistry and atomically precise nanochemistry.

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