This paper introduces an MPPT control methodology utilizing the IJAVA algorithm. This approach merges the traditional JAVA algorithm with a Levy flight strategy, enabling the algorithm to evade local optima and conduc...
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The failure mechanism of lead-free solder interconnections of chip scale package-sized Ball Grid Array (BGA) component boards under thermal cycling was studied by employing cross-polarized light microscopy, scanning e...
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The failure mechanism of lead-free solder interconnections of chip scale package-sized Ball Grid Array (BGA) component boards under thermal cycling was studied by employing cross-polarized light microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, and nanoindentation. It was determined that the critical solder interconnections were located underneath the chip corners, instead of the corner most interconnections of the package, and the highest strains and stresses were concentrated at the outer neck regions on the component side of the interconnections. Observations of the failure modes were in good agreement with the finite element results. The failure of the interconnections was associated with changes of microstructures by recrystallization in the strain concentration regions of the solder interconnections. Coarsening of intermetallic particles and the disappearance of the boundaries between the primary Sn cells were observed in both cases. The nanoindentation results showed lower hardness of the recrystallized grains compared with the non-recrystallized regions of the same interconnection. The results show that failure modes are dependent on the localized microstructural changes in the strain concentration regions of the interconnections and the crack paths follow the networks of grain boundaries produced by recrystallization.
The rapid advancement of the photovoltaic (PV) industry has elevated the recycling and reuse of decommissioned PV modules to critical challenges, essential for tackling environmental concerns and achieving resource re...
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The rapid advancement of the photovoltaic (PV) industry has elevated the recycling and reuse of decommissioned PV modules to critical challenges, essential for tackling environmental concerns and achieving resource reutilization. To facilitate the efficient layering of PV modules and recovery of valuable materials, this study proposes a PV module degradation and recycling process utilizing supercritical n-butanol. A systematic evaluation was conducted to assess the effects of various factors on the dissolution ratio of PV modules, with an appropriate range of process parameters selected for optimization. A second-order regression model was developed to predict the dissolution ratio of the EVA film. Comparison of actual dissolution ratio with model predictions confirmed the high accuracy of the fitted model. Finally, characterization and elemental analysis of cells recovered from the supercritical process demonstrated the effectiveness of this recycling method, achieving more thorough degradation on the cell surfaces.
A mixture of copper complex and AI/CuO nanothermite, Al/CuO/CuC, represents one of the state-of-the-art gas-generating thermite systems with various pyrotechnic applications due to its tunable gas release rates. The r...
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A mixture of copper complex and AI/CuO nanothermite, Al/CuO/CuC, represents one of the state-of-the-art gas-generating thermite systems with various pyrotechnic applications due to its tunable gas release rates. The reactivity of reactive inks with various loadings of the poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) binder mixed with Al/CuO/CuC is characterized using high-speed imaging diagnostics and pressure measurements. For a PVP mass fraction of <7 wt %, the printed materials remain highly reactive and burn at a high velocity (10-54 m/s), which was one of the important goals of this study. At higher PVP contents, the polymer inhibits the reaction. Printing (dropwise and continuously writing) of inks containing 5 wt % PVP and 95 wt % reactive Al/CuO/CuC powder was demonstrated using a volumetrically controlled dispenser and a pneumatically actuated syringe. The pressure development and burning rate of the printed materials are 0.37 MPa (at 46.3% theoretical maximum density (TMD)) and 17 m/s (at 0.24% TMD), respectively, more than 10 times faster than the majority of works dealing with printed energetic formulations.
Proper control of cell cycle progression and barrier function are essential processes to the maintenance of epithelial cell homeostasis. The contribution of tight junction proteins to barrier function is well establis...
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Proper control of cell cycle progression and barrier function are essential processes to the maintenance of epithelial cell homeostasis. The contribution of tight junction proteins to barrier function is well established, whereas their contribution to cell cycle control is only beginning to be understood. Centrosomes are the principal microtubule organizing centers in eukaryotic cells and centrosome duplication and separation are linked to the cell cycle and mitotic entry. Here we demonstrate that occludin localizes with centrosomes in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Immunocytochemistry and biochemical fractionation studies reveal occludin localizes with centrosomes during interphase and occludin Ser-490 phosphorylation at centrosomes increases with mitotic entry. Stable expression of aspartic acid phosphomimetic (S490D) results in centrosomal localization of occludin and increases cell numbers. Furthermore, we provide evidence that occludin regulates centrosome separation and mitotic entry as the nonphosphorylatable alanine mutation (S490A) impedes centrosome separation, delays mitotic entry, and reduces proliferation. Collectively, these studies demonstrate a novel location and function for occludin in centrosome separation and mitosis.
A modified ASTM G 65 rubber wheel test was employed in wet and dry conditions using 220 nm titania particles and 368 mu m sand particles, respectively. Both tests were conducted on WC-CoCr coatings produced with two p...
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A modified ASTM G 65 rubber wheel test was employed in wet and dry conditions using 220 nm titania particles and 368 mu m sand particles, respectively. Both tests were conducted on WC-CoCr coatings produced with two powders with different carbide grain sizes (conventional and sub-micron) to address the effect of carbide size and abrasive medium characteristics on the wear performance. The same spot before and after the wet abrasion wear testing was analyzed in detail using SEM to visualize wear mechanisms. It was shown that the wear mechanism depends on the relative size of the carbide and abrasive particles. Wear mechanisms in dry sand abrasion were studied by analyzing the single scratches formed by individual abrasive particles. Interaction of surface open porosity with moving abrasive particles causes formation of single scratches. By tailoring the carbide size, the wear performance can be improved.
With the further development of China's electricity reform, the consumption of renewable energy in a market-oriented way has become an important goal. The transfer of power generation rights has become the most im...
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Decentralized peer-to-peer Local Energy Markets (LEMs) are gaining popularity as local power production from Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) increases. The study investigates a blockchain-driven LEM in which prosumers...
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The purpose of the study is to optimize power price in smart homes that connect to share energy. A Demand Side Management (DSM) system is used to coordinate P2P energy trading between smart homes using the improved ea...
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As a direct-write molding technology based on the principle of layer-by-layer accumulation, inkjet printing has shown application prospects in the field of micro-sized energetic materials. Based on HKUST-1, the influe...
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