Two new steroidal saponms（2, 3） and two known compounds（1, 4） were isolated from 75% ethanol extract ofAllii macrostemonis bulbus by various spectral methods. The two new steroidal saponins were respectively eluci...
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Two new steroidal saponms（2, 3） and two known compounds（1, 4） were isolated from 75% ethanol extract ofAllii macrostemonis bulbus by various spectral methods. The two new steroidal saponins were respectively elucidated as （25S）-26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5α-furostanol-2α,3β,22,26-tetrol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl（1→2）-[β-D- glucopyranosyl（1→3）]-β-D-glucopyranosyl（1→4 ）-β-D-galactopyranoside（2 ） and 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5α- furostanol-25（ 27）-ene-3β,22,26-tetrol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl（ 1→2 ）-[β-D-glucopyranosyl（ 1→3 ）] -β-D-glucopyranosyl- （1→4）-β-D-galactopyranoside（3）. Compound 4 was obtained from this medical plant for the first time. The activity experiments of proliferation inhibition on tumor cells were performed by cell counting kit-8（CCK-8） method for compound 2（25S-configuration） and its isomer（compound 1, 25R-configttration）. The results show that compounds 1 and 2 have weak inhibition on lung cancer A549 cells, melanoma A375 cells and breast cancer MCF-7 cells as well as certain inhibitory effect on liver cancer HepG2 cells, and the inhibitory effect of compound 1 is stronger than that of compound 2.
Norgestrel (NGT) is a synthetic progestin used in human and veterinary medicine. Adult female mosquitofish were exposed to NGT for 42 d at 377 ng L-1. The fin morphology and the liver transcriptome were assessed. NGT ...
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Norgestrel (NGT) is a synthetic progestin used in human and veterinary medicine. Adult female mosquitofish were exposed to NGT for 42 d at 377 ng L-1. The fin morphology and the liver transcriptome were assessed. NGT exposure increased ray 4:6 length ratio. As compared to the control, NGT treatment affected the expression of 11,772 annotated transcripts in female mosquitofish. Specifically, we found 5780 were repressed while 5992 were significantly induced. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that 53 KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways and 158 GO terms were significantly over expressed. Genes showing the largest magnitude of expression changes were related to fin development, androgen biosynthesis, and lipid and fatty acid metabolisms, suggesting the involvement of these biological processes in response to NGT exposure in G. affinis. This first comprehensive study on the transcriptomic alterations by NGT in G. affinis not only provides valuable information on the development of molecular markers but also opens new avenues for studies on the molecular mechanisms of effects of NGT in particular and possibly other progestins in G. affinis.
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is based on self-limiting surface reactions. This and cyclic process enable the growth of conformal thin films with precise thickness control and sharp interfaces. A multilayered thin fil...
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Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is based on self-limiting surface reactions. This and cyclic process enable the growth of conformal thin films with precise thickness control and sharp interfaces. A multilayered thin film, which is nanolaminate, can be grown using ALD with tuneable electrical and optical properties to be exploited, for example, in the microelectromechanical systems. In this work, the tunability of the residual stress, adhesion, and mechanical properties of the ALD nanolaminates composed of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) films on silicon were explored as a function of growth temperature (110-300 degrees C), film thickness (20-300 nm), bilayer thickness (0.1-100 nm), and TiO2 content (0%-100%). Al2O3 was grown from Me3Al and H2O, and TiO2 from TiCl4 and H2O. According to wafer curvature measurements, Al2O3/TiO2 nanolaminates were under tensile stress;bilayer thickness and growth temperature were the major parameters affecting the stress;the residual stress decreased with increasing bilayer thickness and ALD temperature. Hardness increased with increasing ALD temperature and decreased with increasing TiO2 fraction. Contact modulus remained approximately stable. The adhesion of the nanolaminate film was good on silicon. (C) 2016 American Vacuum Society.
Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by persistent joint inflammation leading to bone and cartilage damage and even ***,the pathogenesis of RA is multi-factorial and to a large degree...
Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by persistent joint inflammation leading to bone and cartilage damage and even ***,the pathogenesis of RA is multi-factorial and to a large degree,remains *** Sini decoction(DSD),a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)formula,has been widely used as a remedy for rheumatoid arthritis(RA)in recent *** our study,1H-nuclear magnetic resonance(1H-NMR)based metabolomics analysis of 7 potential biomarkers,including taurine(1),urea(2),betaine(3),pyruvate(4),hippurate(5),succinate(6)and acetone(7)was performed to investigate the progression of RA and assess the efficacy of DSD in collagen-induced arthritis(CIA)*** to pathway analysis using identified metabolites and correlation construction,taurine and hypotaurine metabolism,gut microbiota metabolism,pyruvate metabolism,glycolysis/gluconeogenesis,the citrate cycle(TCA cycle)and lipid metabolism were recognized as being the most influenced metabolic pathways associated with *** a result,deviations of metabolites 1,3,4,5,6 and 7 in CIA rats were improved by DSD,which suggested that DSD mediated the abnormal metabolic pathways *** summary,the efficacy and its underlying therapeutic mechanisms of DSD on RA were systematically investigated and expect to provide a new insight in relevant studies of other TCM formulas.
The one-pot reactions of acetyl chloride, o-halobenzoic acids and Wittig reagents providing 3-methyl isocoumarins have been furnished via tandem Wittig reaction, oxa-Michael addition and C-C cross coupling. Three new ...
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The one-pot reactions of acetyl chloride, o-halobenzoic acids and Wittig reagents providing 3-methyl isocoumarins have been furnished via tandem Wittig reaction, oxa-Michael addition and C-C cross coupling. Three new chemical bonds including one C-O, one C=C and one C-C bond are generated via the catalysis of a simple copper salt for the heterocycle construction.
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