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Long term monitoring reveals the importance of large, long unburnt areas and smaller fires in moderating mammal declines in fire-prone Savanna of northern Australia

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JOURNAL OF APPLIEd ECOLOGY 2023年第10期60卷 2251-2266页

作者： einoder, luke d. Fisher, A. Hill, B. M. Buckley, K. de Laive, A. H. Woinarski, J. C. Z. Gillespie, G. R. Dept Environm Pk & Water Secur Flora & Fauna Div Darwin NT Australia Charles Darwin Univ Res Inst Environm & Livelihoods Darwin NT Australia Pk Australia Kakadu Natl Pk Jabiru NT Australia Dept Planning & Environm Sci Econ & Insights Div Parramatta NSW Australia Univ Melbourne Sch Biosci Melbourne Vic Australia

Biodiversity loss is often attributable to multiple interacting pressures that are moderated across environmental gradients. These processes contribute to complex responses that are challenging to interpret and understand. Well-designed and well-implemented monitoring can play a vital role in this but is rarely *** evidence suggests that current fire regimes across Savanna ecosystems have contributed to the decline of a range of biota. Hence, contemporary fire regimes are at odds with conservation *** an extensive spatiotemporal monitoring dataset from three large National Parks in northern Australia, we applied generalised linear mixed models to examine: (1) trends in mammal richness and abundance through time and variation across environmental gradients such as productivity or landscape position (e.g. terrain ruggedness);and (2) how fire, a potential driver, is moderated by environmental *** 24 years, major declines in mammal richness and abundance were observed with greater reductions in less rugged and less mesic habitats. Patterns of decline were related to multiple aspects of fire regimes, but not changes in vegetation structure and composition, or cane toads, Rhinella marina, arrival and concomitant poisoning of predatory animals during consumption. More pronounced declines occurred in sites that were exposed to larger fires, had less long unburnt (>5 years without fire) vegetation and were more distant from large, long unburnt *** between mammal persistence and fire varied among vegetation communities, with the strongest fire effects observed in lowland woodland-drier with few barriers to fire spread-where the availability of long unburnt areas moderated declines more than in other vegetation *** and applications. Current fire regimes are contributing to mammal declines in northern Australian Savanna. Collectively, our results highlight: (1) the value of long term monitoring, and import

关键词： abundance decline fire extent long unburnt mammals northern Australia refuges richness

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Faunal standards for the restoration of terrestrial ecosystems: a framework and its application to a high-profile case study

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RESTORATION ECOLOGY 2023年第1期31卷 e13735-e13735页

作者： Andersen, Alan N. einoder, luke d. Fisher, Alaric Hill, Brydie Oberprieler, Stefanie K. Charles Darwin Univ Res Inst Environm & Livelihoods Darwin NT 0810 Australia Northern Terr Govt Dept Environm & Nat Resources Darwin NT 0828 Australia Pk Australia Kakadu Natl Pk Jabiru NT 0886 Australia

Assessments of ecosystem restoration have traditionally focused on soil and vegetation, often with little consideration of fauna. It is critical to include fauna in such assessments, not just because of their intrinsic biodiversity value but also because of the many ecological roles that animals play in restoration processes. However, a widely accepted framework for specifying faunal standards for restoration is lacking. Here we present such a framework, incorporating: (1) the identification of appropriate reference conditions;(2) the taxa to be targeted for assessment;(3) the attributes of these taxa to be measured;(4) acceptable similarity with reference conditions;and (5) robust sampling methodologies for reliable assessment. We illustrate this framework using the restoration program at Ranger Uranium Mine in the Australian seasonal tropics, which aims to establish an environment similar to the surrounding World Heritage-listed Kakadu National Park, corresponding to "full recovery" according to Society for Ecosystem Restoration's standards. Our case study has especially high restoration standards, but our framework has wide applicability to the specification of faunal standards for ecosystem restoration.

关键词： faunal restoration Kakadu National Park mine-site restoration Ranger Uranium Mine

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Movement behaviours and survival of largetooth sawfish, Pristis pristis, released from a public aquarium

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AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE ANd FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS 2020年第12期30卷 2351-2369页

作者： Buckley, Kathryn A. Crook, david A. einoder, luke d. Pillans, Richard d. Smith, Liam d. G. Kyne, Peter M. Charles Darwin Univ Res Inst Environm & Livelihoods Darwin NT Australia CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere St Lucia Qld Australia Monash Univ Monash Sustainable Dev Inst BehaviourWorks Australia Clayton Vic Australia

1. Public aquaria globally display numerous threatened fish species captured from wild populations. Potential impacts of harvests are rarely evaluated despite the need for improved management and conservation practices. 2. Sawfishes (Family Pristiidae) are one of the world's most at-risk fish families. Most commonly displayed (30+ wild caught individuals) is the Critically Endangered largetooth sawfish,Pristis pristis. 3. Two Australian aquaria release captiveP. prististo the wild as they outgrow displays, intending to offset impacts of the original harvests. The fate of released sawfish is unknown. 4. Using acoustic telemetry, the behaviour (rates of movement, patterns of habitat use) and survival of aquarium released sawfish (n= 5) were compared to a control group of wild sawfish (n= 5). 5. Aquarium sawfish had reduced rates of movement, were more sedentary, and occupied smaller activity spaces than wild sawfish;but diel activity and habitat use patterns were similar. 6. Collectively, mortality was high. Two aquarium sawfish survived to the end of the monitoring period (391 days and 117 days, respectively), and no wild sawfish survived. The mean duration of survival for aquarium and wild sawfish was 157 and 58 days, respectively. 7. Whilst captivity affected behaviours, the lower mortality rates of aquarium sawfish indicates that releases may partially offset the impact of the original harvest. Further data are required to investigate potential long-term ecological impacts. 8. If P. pristis are to be used for aquarium displays, the best conservation outcomes could be achieved by harvesting in the first year of life when natural mortality is highest, followed by release into the freshwater reaches of the natal river where predation risk may be minimized. Size on release should be less than similar to 2,800 mm total length to allow for migration from the river system as part of their natural life cycle.

关键词： behaviour brackish fish fishing reintroduction river sustainability

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Global tracking of marine megafauna space use reveals how to achieve conservation targets

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Science (New York, N.Y.) 2025年第6751期388卷 1086-1097页

作者： Ana M M Sequeira Jorge P Rodríguez Sarah A Marley Hannah J Calich Mirjam van der Mheen Michelle VanCompernolle Lucy M Arrowsmith Lauren R Peel Nuno Queiroz Marisa Vedor Ivo da Costa Gonzalo Mucientes Ana Couto Nicolas E Humphries Sara Abalo-Morla Francisco J Abascal debra L Abercrombie Katya Abrantes F Alberto Abreu-Grobois André S Afonso Pedro Afonso Heidi Ahonen Susanne Åkesson Joanna Alfaro-Shigueto Russel d Andrews Frédéric Angelier Marina Antonopoulou Javier A Arata Gonzalo Araujo Randall Arauz José Manuel Arcos Igor Arregui Haritz Arrizabalaga Marie Auger-Méthé Steffen Bach Fred Bailleul Robin W Baird George H Balazs Susan G Barco Adam Barnett Warren Baverstock Alastair M M Baylis Annalea Beard Juan Bécares Eduardo J Belda Ian Bell Ashley Bennison Scott R Benson diego Bernal Michael L Berumen Sandra Bessudo Natalia P A Bezerra Antonin V Blaison Gabriela S Blanco Barbara A Block Mark Bolton Mark E Bond Ramón Bonfil Camrin d Braun Annette C Broderick Michael de L Brooke Annabelle M L Brooks Edward J Brooks Ignacio M Bruno Jennifer M Burns Michael E Byrne Steven E Campana Hamish A Campbell Richard A Campbell Aaron Carlisle Ruth H Carmichael Gemma Carroll Paolo Casale Filipe R Ceia demian d Chapman Taylor K Chapple Jean-Benoit Charrassin Andre Chiaradia John Chisholm Christopher R Clarke Thomas A Clay Christophe Cleguer Elizabeth Clingham Eric E G Clua Jesse E M Cochran Rochelle Constantine Robert W Cooper Estelle Crochelet Michelle Cronin Eduardo Cuevas Kayla P daCosta Laurent dagorn Ryan daly Randall W davis P J Nico de Bruyn Carlos delgado-Trejo Thomas dellinger Solène derville Stella diamant Andrew diMatteo Kara L dodge Philip d doherty Michael C double Alistair d M dove Thomas K doyle Michael J drew Lindsay L dubbs Clinton A J duffy Peter H dutton Ewan W J Edwards luke d einoder Mark V Erdmann Eduardo Espinoza Nicole Esteban Ana Isabel Fagundes Chris Feare Steven H Ferguson Luciana C Ferreira Francesco Ferretti John Filmalter Brittany Finucci G Chris Fischer Richard J Fitzpatrick Jorge Fontes Angela Formia Division of Ecology and Evolution Research School of Biology The Australian National University Canberra (Australian Capital Territory) Australia. UWA Oceans Institute and the School of Biological Sciences The University of Western Australia Perth (Western Australia) Australia. Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos (IFISC) CSIC-UIB Palma de Mallorca Spain. Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados (IMEDEA) CSIC-UIB Esporles Illes Balears Spain. C.A. Illes Balears Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED) Palma Spain. Delegación Territorial en Illes Balears Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET) Muelle de Poniente s/n Palma Spain. Scotland's Rural College (SRUC) Craibstone Estate Bucksburn Aberdeen UK. Oceans Graduate School and the UWA Oceans Institute The University of Western Australia Perth (Western Australia) Australia. School of Engineering and the UWA Oceans Institute The University of Western Australia Perth (Western Australia) Australia. Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions Biodiversity and Conservation Science Kensington (Western Australia) Australia. Save Our Seas Foundation Geneva Switzerland. The Manta Trust Catemwood House Norwood Lane Corscombe Dorset UK. Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO) InBIO Laboratório Associado Campus de Vairão Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal. BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics Biodiversity and Land Planning Campus de Vairao Vairão Portugal. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIM-CSIC) Vigo Pontevedra Spain. School of Biological Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK. Biomathematics and statistics Scotland The kings building Edinburgh Scotland. Marine Biological Association (MBA) The Laboratory Citadel Hill Plymouth UK. Instituto de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada de Zonas Costeras Universitat Politècnica de València Gandia València Spain. Instituto Español de O

The recent Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) sets ambitious goals but no clear pathway for how zero loss of important biodiversity areas and halting human-induced extinction of threatened species will be achieved. We assembled a multi-taxa tracking dataset (11 million geopositions from 15,845 tracked individuals across 121 species) to provide a global assessment of space use of highly mobile marine megafauna, showing that 63% of the area that they cover is used 80% of the time as important migratory corridors or residence areas. The GBF 30% threshold (Target 3) will be insufficient for marine megafauna's effective conservation, leaving important areas exposed to major anthropogenic threats. Coupling area protection with mitigation strategies (e.g., fishing regulation, wildlife-traffic separation) will be essential to reach international goals and conserve biodiversity.

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Habitat structural complexity explains patterns of feral cat and dingo occurrence in monsoonal Australia

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dIVERSITY ANd dISTRIBUTIONS 2020年第7期26卷 832-842页

作者： Stobo-Wilson, Alyson M. Stokeld, danielle einoder, luke d. davies, Hugh F. Fisher, Alaric Hill, Brydie M. Mahney, Terry Murphy, Brett P. Stevens, Alys Woinarski, John C. Z. Rangers, djelk Rangers, Warddeken Gillespie, Graeme R. Charles Darwin Univ Res Inst Environm & Livelihoods NESP Threatened Species Recovery Hub Darwin NT Australia Northern Terr Govt Dept Environm & Nat Resources Flora & Fauna Div Darwin NT Australia Bawinanga Aboriginal Corp Winnellie NT Australia Warddeken Land Management Ltd Nightcliff NT Australia

Aim An interaction between reduced habitat structural complexity and predation by feral cats (Felis catus) has been hypothesized as the primary driver of mammal decline in northern Australia. However, we have a limited understanding of the drivers of the distribution and abundance of feral cats at a landscape scale, including whether the occurrence of a top predator, the dingo (Canis familiaris [dingo]), limits feral cat populations. We modelled feral cat and dingo site occurrence, to provide the first broad-scale assessment of their distributional patterns and co-occurrence within monsoonal Australia. Location About 370,000 km(2) of monsoonal area in the Northern Territory. Methods We surveyed 376 sites using camera traps. We used single- and two-species occupancy models to investigate feral cat and dingo site occurrence and the influence of dingoes on feral cat occupancy. We included predictor variables that relate to hypotheses of predator occurrence, including both environmental and disturbance-related variables. Results Feral cat occurrence and dingo occurrence were best predicted by indices of habitat structural complexity;feral cat occurrence declined with increasing productivity, except in areas of relatively high fire activity (fire frequency and extent), and dingo occurrence declined with terrain ruggedness. We found no evidence that dingoes are spatially limiting feral cat occurrence. Main conclusions Our findings suggest the protection and enhancement of habitat structural complexity at both the local and landscape scale could enable conservation managers to reduce the exposure of small- and medium-sized mammals to feral cats and dingoes. This can most likely be achieved through improved fire and feral herbivore management, which is a more feasible management option than lethal predator control.

关键词： critical weight range mammal decline northern Australia occupancy model predators top predator

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Vertebrates are poor umbrellas for invertebrates: cross-taxon congruence in an Australian tropical savanna

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ECOSPHERE 2019年第6期10卷

作者： Oberprieler, Stefanie K. Andersen, Alan N. Gillespie, Graeme R. einoder, luke d. CSIRO Trop Ecosyst Res Ctr PMB 44 Winnellie Darwin NT 0822 Australia Charles Darwin Univ Res Inst Environm & Livelihoods Darwin NT 0909 Australia Australian Natl Univ Res Sch Biol Canberra ACT 2600 Australia Dept Environm & Nat Resources Flora & Fauna Div POB 496 Palmerston NT 0831 Australia

Invertebrates are commonly ignored in conservation planning due to their vast diversity, difficulties with species identification, a poor understanding of their spatial patterns, and the impracticability of carrying out comprehensive sampling. Conservation planning for fauna is therefore often based on patterns of diversity and distribution of vertebrates, under the assumption that these are representative of animal diversity more generally. Here, we evaluate how well vertebrates act as umbrellas for invertebrate diversity and distribution in a highly diverse tropical savanna landscape, and we investigate the effect of vertebrate sampling intensity (i. e., number of surveys) on congruence results. We assessed congruence between each of the four classes of terrestrial vertebrates (amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals) and twelve invertebrate families (representing four dominant invertebrate taxa: ants, beetles, flies, and spiders) by applying a range of modeling approaches to analyze patterns of cross-taxon congruence in species richness and composition across sampling sites. To investigate drivers of congruence, we applied generalized and distance-based linear models to identify environmental associations of richness and composition for each taxon, then examined variation in environmental associations across taxa. Vertebrate and invertebrate richness was weakly (< 30%) associated, and 60% of the significant associations were negative. Correlations in species composition between vertebrate and invertebrate taxa were also weak, with a maximum of 13% congruence. In most cases, pairwise correlation scores using data from single surveys of vertebrates were only marginally lower than those from multiple surveys. Poor among-site congruence between vertebrates and invertebrates was reflected by marked variation among taxa in their environmental associations. Our findings show that vertebrates are poor umbrellas for invertebrates in the tropical savannas of northern Aust

关键词： conservation planning environmental associations faunal survey sampling intensity species diversity surrogate taxa

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Spatially explicit power analysis for detecting occupancy trends for multiple species

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ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019年第6期29卷 1361-1373页

作者： Southwell, darren M. einoder, luke d. Lahoz-Monfort, Jose J. Fisher, Alaric Gillespie, Graeme R. Wintle, Brendan A. Univ Melbourne Sch BioSci Quantit & Appl Ecol Grp Melbourne Vic 3010 Australia Dept Environm & Nat Resources Flora & Fauna Div POB 496 Palmerston NT 0831 Australia Univ Melbourne Sch BioSci Natl Environm Sci Program Threatened Species Recovery Hub Melbourne Vic 3010 Australia

Assessing the statistical power to detect changes in wildlife populations is a crucial yet often overlooked step when designing and evaluating monitoring programs. Here, we developed a simulation framework to perform spatially explicit statistical power analysis of biological monitoring programs for detecting temporal trends in occupancy for multiple species. Using raster layers representing the spatial variation in current occupancy and species-level detectability for one or multiple observation methods, our framework simulates changes in occupancy over space and time, with the capacity to explicitly model stochastic disturbances at monitoring sites (i.e., dynamic landscapes). Once users specify the number and location of sites, the frequency and duration of surveys, and the type of detection method(s) for each species, our framework estimates power to detect occupancy trends, both across the landscape and/or within nested management units. As a case study, we evaluated the power of a long-term monitoring program to detect trends in occupancy for 136 species (83 birds, 33 reptiles, and 20 mammals) across and within Kakadu, Litchfield, and Nitmiluk National Parks in northern Australia. We assumed continuation of an original monitoring design implemented since 1996, with the addition of camera trapping. As expected, power to detect trends was sensitive to the direction and magnitude of the change in occupancy, detectability, initial occupancy levels, and the rarity of species. Our simulations suggest that monitoring has at least an 80% chance at detecting a 50% decline in occupancy for 22% of the modeled species across the three parks over the next 15 yr. Monitoring is more likely to detect increasing occupancy trends, with at least an 80% chance at detecting a 50% increase in 87% of species. The addition of camera-trapping increased average power to detect a 50% decline in mammals compared with using only live trapping by 63%. We provide a flexible tool that can hel

关键词： Kakadu occupancy optimal monitoring population declines simulation spatially explicit power analysis species distribution modeling statistical power

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FEEdING STRATEGIES OF THE SHORT-TAILEd SHEARWATER VARY BY YEAR ANd SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE BUT dO NOT AFFECT BREEdING SUCCESS

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CONdOR 2013年第4期115卷 777-787页

作者： einoder, luke d. Page, Bradley Goldsworthy, Simon d. Univ Adelaide Sch Earth & Environm Sci Adelaide SA 5000 Australia South Australian Res & Dev Inst Aquat Sci Henley Beach SA 5022 Australia Sci Resource Ctr Dept Environm & Nat Resources Adelaide SA 5001 Australia

To understand how animals cope with environmental variability it is necessary to identify the degree of flexibility in a species' diet and foraging mode and the consequences of this flexibility for reproduction. We examined rates of feeding and energy delivery to chicks by a long-lived pelagic seabird, the Short-tailed Shearwater (Puffinus tenuirostris). Individual adults alternated between foraging trips of short and long duration in a dual foraging strategy, but the allocation of time on those trips varied significantly from year to year. In two years when sea-surface temperatures of feeding grounds exploited during short trips were cooler (2005, 2006) adults initially fed their chick more often, then feeding decreased through the chick-rearing period. In the following year of warmer sea-surface temperature (2007), the number of feedings per day was initially low but increased through chick rearing. despite varied feeding patterns, breeding success was consistently high, yet in 2006 the chicks' poor condition indicates the capacity for buffering chicks from these effects was lower than in other years. The relative contribution of short and long trips to the amount of energy delivered to chicks also varied by year. during local food shortages, shearwaters appeared to deliver more oil from long trips and increased the frequency of short trips. Yet in 2006, low-calorie prey from short trips coincided with low volume of stomach oil from long trips, resulting in chicks' poorer condition. Oil volume and increased short-trip foraging provide potential mechanisms of flexibility enabling adults to buffer prey delivery to chicks during food shortages.

关键词： chick condition feeding rate energy flow flexibility sea-surface temperature

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Trophodynamics of the eastern Great Australian Bight ecosystem: Ecological change associated with the growth of Australia's largest fishery

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ECOLOGICAL MOdELLING 2013年 255卷 38-57页

作者： Goldsworthy, Simon d. Page, Brad Rogers, Paul J. Bulmand, Cathy Wiebkin, Annelise McLeay, Lachlan J. einoder, luke Baylis, Alastair M. M. Braley, Michelle Caines, Robin daly, Keryn Huveneers, Charlie Peters, Kristian Lowther, Andrew d. Ward, Tim M. South Australian Res & Dev Inst West Beach SA 5024 Australia Dept Environm Water & Nat Resources Adelaide SA 5001 Australia Flinders Univ S Australia Sch Biol Sci Adelaide SA 5001 Australia CSIRO Marine Res Hobart Tas 7001 Australia Univ Adelaide Sch Earth & Environm Sci Adelaide SA 5005 Australia Deakin Univ Warrnambool Vic 3280 Australia Univ S Australia Mawson Lakes SA 5095 Australia

We used the Ecopath with Ecosim software to develop a trophic mass-balance model of the eastern Great Australian Bight ecosystem, off southern Australia. Results provide an ecosystem perspective of Australia's largest fishery, the South Australian sardine fishery, by placing its establishment and growth in the context of other dynamic changes in the ecosystem, including: the development of other fisheries;changing abundances of apex predator populations and oceanographic change. We investigated the potential impacts of the sardine fishery on high tropic level predators, particularly land-breeding seals and seabirds which may be suitable ecological performance indicators of ecosystem health. Results indicate that despite the rapid growth of the sardine fishery since 1991, there has likely been a negligible fishery impact on other modelled groups, suggesting that current levels of fishing effort are not impacting negatively on the broader ecosystem structure and function in the eastern Great Australian Bight. Results highlight the importance of small pelagic fish to higher trophic levels, the trophic changes that have resulted from loss and recovery of apex predator populations, and the potential pivotal role of cephalopod biomass in regulating 'bottom-up' trophic processes. The ability to resolve and attribute potential impacts from multiple fisheries, other human impacts and ecological change in this poorly understood region is highlighted by the study, and will be critical to ensure future ecologically sustainable development within the region. Crown Copyright (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Eastern Great Australian Bight Food web model Ecopath with Ecosim Sardine Sardinops sagax Fishing impacts

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The foraging ecology of the short-tailed shearwater puffinus tenuirostris

The foraging ecology of the short-tailed shearwater puffinus...

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作者： luke d. einoder University of Adelaide

学位级别：博士

The short-tailed shearwater Puffinus tenuirostris is one of the world's most abundant seabirds, with a population of around 23 million breeding birds. despite this abundance we have a limited understanding of their role in the marine ecosystem. This is largely due to the many uncertainties surrounding the trophic interactions, resource requirements and foraging ecology of this wide ranging pelagic seabird. I studied the movement of adults during the short trip (ST) and long trip (LT) component of their dual foraging strategy to determine how they use their marine habitat. ST were primarily confined to neritic (continental shelf) waters 30 to 100 km from their colony, and maximum depth gauges revealed that birds reached a depth of 21 13 m (Sd). Analysis of the time spent in area by 39 individuals performing ST revealed that 18 birds employed area restricted searches within circles of a diameter of 14 3 km (SE). Prey returns from area restricted search flights were predominated by bony fish, whereas prey diversity increased for non-area restricted search flights, with more krill and cephalopods. Thus, direct flights were performed when birds were exploiting prey patches dominated by fish, in contrast to the more varied diet returned when birds covered greater distances. LT flights were highly variable ranging from 11 - 32 days duration, and reaching 912 6,952 km from the colony. Foraging trips of extended duration enabled birds to exploit temperate waters further away from the colony, as well as sub Antarctic and Antarctic waters. A wider range of search patterns were performed on LT, as birds either: (1) showed no signs of area restricted search; (2) concentrated area restricted search directly at small scales of within circles of 33 11 km (SE) diameter; or, (3) adopted a hierarchical mode of foraging, where large scales of area restricted search are first performed, followed by nested searches at smaller scales. This variation in foraging behaviour indicates that a

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