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2024 IEEE International Conference on Big Data, BigData 2024

作者： huang, luwen Willcox, Karen E. University of Texas Department of Computer Science Austin United States University of Texas Oden Institute for Computational Engineering & Sciences Austin United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350362480

"Everything is bigger in Texas"and this includes the big data challenges of the state's educational system. But just as big is the opportunity for digital twin technologies to improve decision-making in education, with potential to improve student outcomes. This paper formulates an Educational Digital Twin, a novel approach to understanding, modeling, and analyzing educational data to address the complexities inherent in student pathways. By "student pathways", we refer to the joint facets of student behavior - evolving dynamically over time and encompassing not only course enrollments but also behavioral and academic factors. Unlike traditional approaches that rely on static analyses of historical data, the Educational Digital Twin applies the digital twin paradigm to model these pathways as a living construct that dynamically evolves alongside the physical world. At the heart of the Educational Digital Twin is a knowledge graph that organizes data into a semantic structure. By employing graph-theoretic methods, we manipulate this structure to derive multi-granular insights that inform decision-making. Our evaluation demonstrates how the Educational Digital Twin not only facilitates the dynamic integration of new data but also scales efficiently to handle complex datasets covering millions of students across hundreds of demographic and academic dimensions. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Complex networks Digital twin Educational big data Graph modeling Network visualization

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Association between hs-CRP/HDL-C ratio and three-month unfavorable outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke: a second analysis based on a prospective cohort study

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BMC NEUROLOGY 2024年第1期24卷 1页

作者： huang, luwen Lei, Xu Ouyang, Qing-Rong Li, Linlin Ming, Yu Suining Cent Hosp Dept Neurol Suining 629000 Sichuan Peoples R China

Objective The associations between the ratio of blood high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (hs-CRP/HDL-C ratio) and outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) have yet to be established. This study is the first to examine the relationship between the hs-CRP/HDL-C ratio and three-month unfavorable outcomes in patients with AIS. Methods This secondary analysis utilized data from a prospective cohort study involving 1559 AIS patients recruited at a South Korean hospital between January 2010 and December 2016. We constructed a binary logistic regression model to explore the association between the hs-CRP/HDL-C ratio and unfavorable outcomes in patients with AIS. An attempt was made to use a generalized additive model (GAM) with smooth curve fitting to elucidate potential nonlinear interactions. Furthermore, inflection points were identified via a recursive method, and binary logistic regression models were developed for each side of these inflection points. Ultimately, a log-likelihood ratio test was used to identify the most appropriate model for explaining the connection between the hs-CRP/HDL-C ratio and unfavorable outcomes in patients with AIS. Results The incidence of unfavorable outcomes was 24.5%, with a median hs-CRP/HDL-C ratio of 3.64. After accounting for other factors, the binary logistic regression model revealed a statistically significant positive association between the hs-CRP/HDL-C ratio and the likelihood of poor outcomes in AIS patients (OR = 1.013, 95% CI: 1.005-1.022;P = 0.002). A nonlinear relationship was observed, with the first inflection point of the hs-CRP/HDL-C ratio at 42.74. Each 1-unit increase in the hs-CRP/HDL-C ratio was associated with a 2.4% greater risk of unfavorable outcomes (OR = 1.024, 95% CI: 1.011-1.038, P < 0.001). Conclusion This study provides evidence of a positive and nonlinear correlation between the hs-CRP/HDL-C ratio and poor three-month functional outc

关键词： Acute ischemic stroke hs-CRP/HDL-C Prognosis Association mRS

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Nonlinear Relationship Between Homocysteine and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Early Parkinson's Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study

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NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISEASE AND TREATMENT 2024年 20卷 913-921页

作者： Ouyang, Qingrong Xu, Lei Zhang, Yunwei huang, luwen Li, Linlin Yu, Ming Suining Cent Hosp Dept Neurol Suining 629000 Peoples R China

Background: Cognitive impairment, a prevalent non-motor symptom in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), has been associated with hyperhomocysteinemia, an important risk factor for PD progression and cognitive decline in PD. However, evidence regarding the association between homocysteine (Hcy) and cognitive function during early PD remains insufficient. Therefore, this study aims to examine the correlation between Hcy levels and cognitive function in the early stage of PD. Methods: The study included 218 individuals in the early stages of PD who were consecutively admitted to the Suining Central Hospital Neurology Department. All the individuals completed the Parkinson's Disease Cognitive Rating Scale (PD-CDR). The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III (UPDRS-III) was employed for measuring the severity of motor symptoms, while the Hoehn-Yahr scale was used to measure the clinical symptom stage. Fasting venous blood samples were also drawn to measure the Hcy concentration, red blood cell folate, and vitamin B12. Results: In this cross-sectional study, 47 (21.5%) patients with PD showed cognitive dysfunction. The serum Hcy levels were significantly higher in the cognitive impairment PD (PDCI) group compared with the cognitive normal PD group (P<0.001). The Generalized Additive Model (GAM) analysis revealed a nonlinear relationship between Hcy and the risk of PDCI. Multiple logistic regression analyses demonstrated a positive relationship between elevated Hcy and the risk of PDCI in the fully adjusted model ([OR]:3.1, 95% CI, 1.1-8.5, P=0.028). Segmented linear regression analysis showed that when Hcy levels were above 17.7 umol/l, the risk of PDCI increased by 1.6 times for every 1 unit elevated in Hcy (95% CI:1.1-2.2, P=0.008). Conclusion: This study revealed a nonlinear positive correlation between the risk of PDCI and elevated serum Hcy levels in early PD patients, suggesting hyperhomocysteinemia as one of the treatable factors for cognitive impairment i

关键词： homocysteine early Parkinson's disease cognitive impairment relationship

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Digital Twin: Graph Formulations for Managing Complexity and Uncertainty 10

Digital Twin: Graph Formulations for Managing Complexity and...

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10th IEEE Smart World Congress, SWC 2024

作者： huang, luwen Kapteyn, Michael Willcox, Karen E. University of Texas at Austin Department of Computer Science United States University of Texas at Austin Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331520861

This paper articulates the importance of graphical models and graph-based methods as fundamental enablers of Digital Twins. Graph-based representations are well known to be suited for describing complex systems where the connections between entities are as important as the entities themselves. The interconnections within and across data, models, and decisions are central to a Digital Twin's value. Not only does a graph emphasize the scalable representation of such interrelationships, it also provides a natural mathematical setting for addressing uncertainty and complexity - arguably the two biggest barriers to scalable deployment and adoption of Digital Twins. We discuss how recent advances in theory and algorithms for large-scale knowledge graphs and graphical models can be combined in a multi-layered formulation to provide a powerful foundation for achieving scalable Digital Twins for complex systems. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Knowledge graph

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Educational Digital Twin: Tackling Complexity in Educational Big Data

Educational Digital Twin: Tackling Complexity in Educational...

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IEEE International Conference on Big Data

作者： luwen huang Karen E. Willcox Department of Computer Science University of Texas Austin Oden Institute for Computational Engineering & Sciences University of Texas Austin

ISBN: (数字)9798350362480

ISBN: (纸本)9798350362497

"Everything is bigger in Texas" and this includes the big data challenges of the state’s educational system. But just as big is the opportunity for digital twin technologies to improve decision-making in education, with potential to improve student outcomes. This paper formulates an Educational Digital Twin, a novel approach to understanding, modeling, and analyzing educational data to address the complexities inherent in student pathways. By "student pathways", we refer to the joint facets of student behavior—evolving dynamically over time and encompassing not only course enrollments but also behavioral and academic factors. Unlike traditional approaches that rely on static analyses of historical data, the Educational Digital Twin applies the digital twin paradigm to model these pathways as a living construct that dynamically evolves alongside the physical world. At the heart of the Educational Digital Twin is a knowledge graph that organizes data into a semantic structure. By employing graph-theoretic methods, we manipulate this structure to derive multi-granular insights that inform decision-making. Our evaluation demonstrates how the Educational Digital Twin not only facilitates the dynamic integration of new data but also scales efficiently to handle complex datasets covering millions of students across hundreds of demographic and academic dimensions.

关键词： Analytical models Decision making Semantics Static analysis Big Data Data models Digital twins Complexity theory Stakeholders Security

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Modeling COVID-19 disruptions via network mapping of the Common Core Mathematics Standards

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Computers in Education Journal 2023年第2期13卷

作者： huang, luwen Bicol, Kayla Willcox, Karen E. MIT Mapping Lab Massachusetts Institute of Technology United States The Oden Institute University of Texas Austin United States

This paper develops a mathematical and computational modeling approach that provides a data-driven platform to address research questions relating to student pathways in K-12 education. Specifically, this paper uses scalable network modeling to create a model of the Common Core Mathematics Standards. The result is an educational map that formally represents the Standards and the relationships among them. This educational map is represented mathematically as a network model that forms the basis for computational graph analytics and visualization to identify Standards and learning pathways of interest. Using the network model, we model the disruption due to COVID-19 related school closures in Spring 2020. Analysis on the network model enables identification of propagating effects of the closures on later grades and reveals pathways with potential high vulnerability. When combined with school-specific and/or student data, this model could provide valuable analytics support to decision makers. © 2023 American Society for Engineering Education. All rights reserved.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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Digital Twin: Graph Formulations for Managing Complexity and Uncertainty

Digital Twin: Graph Formulations for Managing Complexity and...

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Smart World Congress (SWC), IEEE

作者： luwen huang Michael Kapteyn Karen E. Willcox Department of Computer Science University of Texas at Austin Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences University of Texas at Austin

ISBN: (数字)9798331520861

ISBN: (纸本)9798331520878

This paper articulates the importance of graphical models and graph-based methods as fundamental enablers of Digital Twins. Graph-based representations are well known to be suited for describing complex systems where the connections between entities are as important as the entities themselves. The interconnections within and across data, models, and decisions are central to a Digital Twin’s value. Not only does a graph emphasize the scalable representation of such interrelationships, it also provides a natural mathematical setting for addressing uncertainty and complexity—arguably the two biggest barriers to scalable deployment and adoption of Digital Twins. We discuss how recent advances in theory and algorithms for large-scale knowledge graphs and graphical models can be combined in a multi-layered formulation to provide a powerful foundation for achieving scalable Digital Twins for complex systems.

关键词： Graphical models Uncertainty Knowledge graphs Ontologies Probabilistic logic Data models Digital twins Complexity theory Complex systems

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Formal Verification of Digital Twins with TLA and Information Leakage Control

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： huang, luwen Varshney, Lav R. Willcox, Karen E. The Department of Computer Science University of Texas Austin United States The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Coordinated Science Laboratory University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign United States The Oden Institute for Computational Engineering & Sciences University of Texas Austin United States

Verifying the correctness of a digital twin provides a formal guarantee that the digital twin operates as intended. Digital twin verification is challenging due to the presence of uncertainties in the virtual representation, the physical environment, and the bidirectional flow of information between physical and virtual. A further challenge is that a digital twin of a complex system is composed of distributed components. This paper presents a methodology to specify and verify digital twin behavior, translating uncertain processes into a formally verifiable finite state machine. We use the Temporal Logic of Actions (TLA) to create a specification, an implementation abstraction that defines the properties required for correct system behavior. Our approach includes a novel weakening of formal security properties, allowing controlled information leakage while preserving theoretical guarantees. We demonstrate this approach on a digital twin of an unmanned aerial vehicle, verifying synchronization of physical-to-virtual and virtual-to-digital data flows to detect unintended misalignments. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Information leakage

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Relationship between glycated hemoglobin levels at admission and chronic post-stroke fatigue in patients with acute ischemic stroke

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EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY 2024年 188卷 112395页

作者： Ouyang, Qingrong Xu, Lei Zhang, Yunwei huang, luwen Du, Yang Yu, Ming Suining Cent Hosp Dept Neurol Suining 629000 Peoples R China

Background: Chronic Post-Stroke Fatigue (PSF) is a common and persistent complications among ischemic stroke survivors. The serum glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level, as it is known has emerged as a critical risk factor for Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS) and post-stroke cognitive and emotional impairment. However, no studies have been conducted on the link between HbA1c and PSF. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the relationship between HbA1c and PSF in the chronic phase. Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted on 559 patients diagnosed with their first AIS episode and admitted to Suining Central Hospital within three days after onset. All patients were examined for serum HbA1c, blood glucose levels and routine blood biochemical indicators at admission. The Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) was employed to assess fatigue symptoms at six months post-stroke. Multivariate logistic regression and smooth curve fitting were used to analyze the relationship between admission HbA1c, blood glucose levels, discharge blood glucose and PSF, and the predictive value of HbA1c on PSF was assessed using a segmented linear regression model. Results: 189(33.8 %)of the 559 patients included in the study, reported PSF at six-month follow-up. Compared with the non-PSF group, the PSF group displayed significantly higher levels of HbA1c (7.8 +/- 3.0 vs 6.5 +/- 2.0 %, P < 0.001), admission blood glucose (7.8 +/- 3.8 vs 7.1 +/- 3.5 mmol/L, P = 0.041), and discharge blood glucose (6.3 +/- 1.6 vs 5.8 +/- 1.2 mmol/L, P < 0.001). The dose -response relationship among admission HbA1c, blood glucose, discharge blood glucose and PSF showed that HbA1c level is positively and non-linearly related to the risk of PSF. A linear positive correlation is noted between PSF and discharge blood glucose levels, while no significant correlation was observed for the blood glucose levels upon admission. Conclusions: Higher HbA1c levels at admission were independently associated with the risk of chronic PSF, the c

关键词： Glycated hemoglobin Acute ischemic stroke Fatigue Risk Post-stroke fatigue

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Optimization of fermentation, purification, and properties of blue pigment produced from Quambalaria cyanescens QY229

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JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2023年第7期134卷 lxad143页

作者： Zhu, Liping huang, luwen Xie, Yajing Zhang, Tingxin Jiang, Zhaoxu Yan, Shigan Zhang, Zhiguo Qilu Univ Technol Shandong Acad Sci Sch Bioengn Jinan 250353 Peoples R China Qilu Univ Technol Shandong Acad Sci Sch Food Sci & Engn Jinan 250353 Peoples R China

Aim Blue pigments have broad applications in foods, cosmetics, and clothing. However, natural blue pigments are rare. At present, the majority of blue pigments for sale are chemically synthetic. Owing to the safety risks of chemical pigments, it is an urgent demand to develop novel natural blue pigments. Methods and Results The fermentation medium and culture conditions of blue pigment produced by Quambalaria cyanescens QY229 were optimized by Plackett-Burman (PB) experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) for the first time. The stability, bioactivity, and toxicity of the obtained blue pigment were studied after isolation and purification. Conclusion The results showed that the optimal fermentation parameters were 34.61 g & BULL;L-1 of peptone concentration, 31.67 & DEG;C of growing temperature, and 72.33 mL of medium volume in a 250-mL flask, and the yield of blue pigment reached 348.2 & PLUSMN;7.1 U & BULL;mL(-1). QY229 blue pigment is stable to light, heat, pH, most metal ions, and additives, and has certain antioxidant and inhibitory activity of & alpha;-glucosidase in vitro. QY229 blue pigment at concentrations of 0-1.25 mg & BULL;mL(-1) was nontoxic to Caenorhabditis elegans in an acute toxicity trial.

关键词： blue pigment response surface methodology isolation and purification stability biological activity toxicity

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