Objective: To determine the effectiveness and safety of current maintenance therapies that include inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), long-acting beta-agonists (LABA) and/or leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) in pre...
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Objective: To determine the effectiveness and safety of current maintenance therapies that include inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), long-acting beta-agonists (LABA) and/or leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) in preventing exacerbations and improving symptoms in pediatric asthma. Methods: A systematic review with network meta-analysis was conducted after a comprehensive search for relevant studies in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and Clinical Trials databases, up to July 2014. Randomized clinical trials were selected comparing treatment strategies of the Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines. The full-text randomized clinical trials compared maintenance treatments for asthma in children (<= 18 years) of >= 4 weeks duration, reporting exacerbations or symptom-free days. The primary and secondary effectiveness outcomes were the rates of moderate/severe exacerbations and symptom-free days from baseline, respectively. Withdrawal rates were taken as the safety outcome. Results: Included in the network meta-analysis was 35 trials, comprising 12 010 patients. For both primary and secondary outcomes, combined ICS and LABA was ranked first in effectiveness (OR 0.70, 95% CI: 0.52-0.97 and OR 1.23, 95% CI: 0.94-1.61, respectively, compared with low-dose ICS), but the result of secondary outcomes was statistically insignificant. Low-dose ICS, medium-or high-dose ICS and combined ICS and LTRA strategies were comparable in effectiveness. ICS monotherapies, and ICS + LABA and ICS + LTRA strategies were similarly safe. High-dose ICS had the highest rate of total withdrawals, but the difference was not significant. Conclusions: Combined ICS and LABA treatments were most effective in preventing exacerbations among pediatric asthma patients. Medium-or high-dose ICS, combined ICS and LTRAs, and low-dose ICS treatments seem to be equally effective.
The cellular interferon (IFN) regulatory factor-7 (IRF7) is closely associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-mediated transformation of B lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo. However, the exact role of IRF7 in viral ...
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The cellular interferon (IFN) regulatory factor-7 (IRF7) is closely associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-mediated transformation of B lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo. However, the exact role of IRF7 in viral transformation is not clear. We have found that knockdown of IRF7 leads to growth inhibition Of EBV-transformed cells, and restoration of IRF7 by exogenous plasmid correlates with growth recovery of the viral transformed cells. In addition, IRF7-knockdown cells have a lower proliferation but a higher apoptotic rate than control cells. Moreover, reduction of IRF7 leads to reduction of major viral oncoprotein, latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1). Our data suggest that IRF7 may be a factor in EBV transformation and a useful target in the therapy of EBV-mediated neoplasia. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
In view of the problems of using traditional machine learning method to detect the network intrusions, a network intrusion detection model based on multi-class imbalanced learning is proposed. Based on the considerati...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424497621
In view of the problems of using traditional machine learning method to detect the network intrusions, a network intrusion detection model based on multi-class imbalanced learning is proposed. Based on the consideration that there is within-class imbalance in large data sets and multi-class data sets, every class of the training data is firstly clustered. Some minimum bounding hyperspheres are formed by Support Vector Date Description (SVDD) according to the clustering results. A test sample is assigned the label of hyperspheres if its distance to the sphere center is smaller than or equal to the radius. The model is testified by experiments on network security data sets.
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