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Prediction analysis and an experim.ntal investigation of precision process of CO2-laser m.cro-turning for Arm.x 500 T accom.anied via N2 gas

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OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY 2024年 177卷

作者： Farouk, W. m. m.ham.d, Ahm.d marzouk, Wagih Elam., m.m.ouh I. Ghriba, Faiz Abo Abu-Oqail, Ahm.d Abu-Okail, m.ham.d Benha Univ Fac Engn Benha Mech Engn Dept Banha Egypt Minia Univ Fac Engn Mech Design Dept Al Minya Egypt Northern Border Univ Coll Engn Dept Ind Engn Ar Ar 73213 Saudi Arabia Menoufia Univ Fac Engn Dept Prod Engn & Mech Design Shibin Al Kawm Egypt Beni Suef Univ Fac Technol & Educ Mech Prod Dept Bani Suwayf Egypt Modern Acad Engn & Technol Mfg Engn & Prod Technol Dept Cairo 11571 Egypt

The production of m.cro grooves on extrem.ly hard workpieces like Arm.x 500 T, com.only used in m.litary sectors like arm.red protective vehicles, poses challenges in conventional m.chining processes. Accordingly, an innovative technique called CO2 laser turning process (LTP) assisted by N2 gas was used for m.nufacturing m.cro grooves on Arm.x 500 T to confront the restrictions of traditional m.chining processes. This study was concerned with investigating the im.act of various operating param.ters related to the therm.l grooving m.chining process such as: (i) laser power (P), (ii) gas pressure (GP), (iii) feed rate (F), and (iv) m.tor speed (S). These param.ters were exam.ned under various operating conditions like: (i) cutting depth (DC), (ii) upper width cut (UC), (iii) bottom.width cut (BC), (iv) roundness error (RE), and (v) m.tal rem.val rate (m.R). Thus, responsesurface-m.thodology (RSm. was used to exam.ne the experim.ntal results, enabling the m.them.tical m.deling of the results, and reducing the need for additional experim.nts. The findings revealed that the optim.l com.ination of condition settings for the CO2-LTP of Arm.x 500 T (assisted by N2 gas) included a CO2 laser power of 3000 Watts, N2 gas pressure of 17.2370 bar, a feed rate of 400 m./m.n, and a m.tor speed of 10 RPm. Furtherm.re, the optim.zed com.inations of therm.l m.chining conditions resulted in increasing m.R, DC, BC, UC, DC, and reducing RE, with values of 0.0163 m. m. 0.2333 m., 0.2511 m., 0.5241 m., and 19.403 m. m. respectively. Additionally, the correctness of the optim.zation procedure was dem.nstrated by the difference between the optim.l experim.ntal findings and the forecasted m.gnitudes for m.R, DC, BC, UC, and RE, which were up to 7.9 %, 6.71 %, 6.1 %, 3.6 %, and 2.98 %, respectively.

关键词： Arm.x 500T m.tal-rem.val-rate Response-surface-m.thodology Laser turning process

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Transform.ng Transportation: Safe and Secure Vehicular Com.unication and Anom.ly Detection With Intelligent Cyber-Physical System.and Deep Learning

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUm.R ELECTRONICS 2024年第1期70卷 1736-1746页

作者： AlEisa, Hussah Nasser Alrowais, Fadwa Allafi, Randa Alm.lki, Nabil Sharaf Faqih, Raji marzouk, Radwa Alnfiai, m.im.m. m.twakel, Abdelwahed Ibrahim. Sara Saadeldeen Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman Univ Coll Comp & Informat Sci Dept Comp Sci Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia Northern Border Univ Dept Comp & Informat Technol Coll Sci & Arts Ar Ar 73213 Saudi Arabia King Saud Univ Coll Educ Dept Special Educ Riyadh 12372 Saudi Arabia King Khalid Univ Appl Coll Dept Informat Syst Mohail Asser Saudi Arabia Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman Univ Coll Comp & Informat Sci Dept Informat Syst Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia Taif Univ Coll Comp & Informat Technol Dept Informat Technol Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz Univ Coll Business Adm Hawtat Bani Tamim Dept Informat Syst Al Kharj 00966 Saudi Arabia Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz Univ Dept Comp & Self Dev Preparatory Year Deanship Al Kharj 00966 Saudi Arabia

Intelligent Cyber-Physical Transportation System. (ICTS) rely deeply on data exchange between m.ving vehicles and fixed infrastructure. While exchanging data between vehicles in the network, security is a m.in constraint. ICTS encom.asses m.ny facilities and claim., such as m.naging road traffic, traveler data, public transportation system., and autonom.us vehicles. It is anticipated that ICTS will m.ke significant contributions to future sm.rt cities and urban design in road and traffic security, transportation and transport optim.zation, energy efficiency, and environm.ntal pollution control. Flexibility, variety of quality-of-service needs, and m.ssive volum.s of data generated all present challenges when working with ITS. Previous works on cyber-physical attack detection lag in ensuring security at various levels. To m.nitor In-Vehicle Networks (IVN), Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) Com.unications, and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) Networks for m.licious behavior, we introduce a deep learning-based Intrusion Detection System.(IDS) for ICTS. In this research, we look into how Deep Learning (DL), a relatively new but rapidly growing subject, could help im.rove ICTS. This research investigates whether deep learning can enhance the security of autonom.us vehicles and other form. of sm.rt transportation. We im.rove the sm.rt transport network using the deep learning m.thod, sim.late it, and statistically study its data transm.ssion econom., accuracy projections of the future, and path-switching strategy. To identify m.licious activity in the core networks of autonom.us vehicles (AV), we have developed an ensem.le Long-Short Term.m.m.ry (LSTm. technique based on Deep Learning architecture. The car hacking dataset (used to m.nitor com.unications within a vehicle) and the UNSWNB15 dataset (used to m.nitor com.unications with the outside world) are used to test and com.are the perform.nce of the proposed IDS. The experim.ntal findings showed that our suggested system.outperfo

关键词： Roadside vehicles-to-vehicles (V2V) intelligent cyber-physical transportation system. com.unication autom.ted vehicles (AV) deep learning

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Ecofriendly m.cellar m.diated spectrofluorim.tric m.thod for ultrasensitive quantification of the antiparkinsonian drug safinam.de in pharm.ceutical form.lation and spiked hum.n plasm.

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SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 2024年第1期14卷 1-11页

作者： Ibrahim. Engy A. marzouk, Hoda m. Hegazy, m.ha A. Fattah, Laila E. Abdel Saad, Sam.h S. Misr Univ Sci & Technol Coll Pharmaceut Sci & Drug Mfg Pharmaceut Analyt Chem Dept Giza Egypt Cairo Univ Fac Pharm Pharmaceut Analyt Chem Dept Kasr Al Aini St Cairo 11562 Egypt Future Univ Egypt Fac Pharm Pharmaceut Chem Dept Cairo 11835 Egypt

A novel, highly sensitive and eco-friendly m.cellar-m.diated spectrofluorim.tric m.thod was developed and validated for the determ.nation of the novel antiparkinsonian drug safinam.de m.sylate in the presence of its related precursor im.urity, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde. The proposed approach relies on increasing the inherent fluorescence em.ssion at 296 nm.of safinam.de, by form.ng hydrogen bonds between the m.ntioned drug and sodium.dodecyl sulfate in the m.cellar system.using 0.1 N HCl as a solvent, following excitation at 226 nm. A thorough investigation was conducted into the experim.ntal factors affecting spectrofluorim.tric behavior of the studied drug. A linearity plot of safinam.de over the concentration range of 10.0-1000.0 ng/m. against the relative fluorescence intensities was established. The proposed m.thod dem.nstrated excellent sensitivity down to the nano-gram.level with detection and quantitation lim.ts of 1.91 and 5.79 ng/m., respectively. The studied drug was effectively determ.ned in Parkim.dine (R) Tablets. Furtherm.re, the proposed m.thod allows for ultrasensitive quantification of safinam.de in spiked hum.n plasm., with satisfactory percentage recovery (98.97-102.28%). Additionally, the greenness assessm.nt using the advanced green certificate classification approach, the com.lem.ntary green analytical procedure index (Com.lex-GAPI), and the analytical GREEness m.tric approach (AGREE), along with the practicality check using the Blue Applicability Grade Index in addition to the all-inclusive overall whiteness evaluation using the RGB-12 m.del were carried out. The outcom.s dem.nstrated the effectiveness and whiteness of the proposed technique. Clearly, the suggested approach has the advantages of being sim.le, requiring no pretreatm.nt steps, and relying solely on direct m.asuring procedures.

关键词： Blueness estim.tion Greenness assessm.nt m.cellar-based spectrofluorim.tric m.thod Parkinsonism.add-on therapy Safinam.de m.sylate Synthetic precursor im.urity Whiteness evaluation

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Oral health status of Egyptian children with lysosom.l storage diseases: An evaluation of dental indices, salivary cytokines level, and bacterial bioburden

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY 2025年第1期35卷 155-164页

作者： m.tar, m.ustafa A. Selim., Rana A. marzouk, Im.n m. Lotfy, Walid A. Al-Shafie, Tam.r A. Darwish, Sherif S. Pharos Univ Alexandria Fac Dent Dept Pediat Dent Alexandria Egypt Alexandria Univ Fac Med Dept Pediat Med Alexandria Egypt Pharos Univ Alexandria Fac Dent Dept Microbiol Alexandria Egypt Pharos Univ Alexandria Fac Dent Dept Biochem Alexandria Egypt Pharos Univ Alexandria PUA Fac Dent Dept Biochem POB 37 Sidi Gaber Alexandria 21311 Egypt

Background: Lysosom.l storage diseases (LSDs), a group of inborn errors of m.tabolism. include various subtypes, for exam.le, m.copolysaccharidosis (m.S) and Gaucher disease (GD). Besides the physical/m.ntal disabilities, they suffer from.several oral deteriorations. Aim. To evaluate the oral health status of Egyptian children with LSD. Design: Thirty LSD children and thirty non-LSD children were enrolled for this study according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Dental indices were used to assess caries prevalence and periodontal status. Saliva sam.les were collected from.all enrolled children to estim.te interleukin 6 (IL-6), tum.r necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and protein levels as well as Streptococcus m.tans and Lactobacilli colony counts. Results: Children with m.S and GD showed non-significant differences in decayed, m.ssing, or filled teeth (Dm.T) scores (p = .115). Scores of dm.t showed a significant increase in m.S, but not in GD children (p = .020, p = .127). Children with LSD showed significantly increased m.dified Gingival Index (m.I), Plaque Index (PI), Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-s) scores (p < .001) and salivary IL-6 and TNF-alpha (p = .007, p = .001, p < .0001, p = .002, respectively) and salivary total proteins (p = .001) levels. Unexpectedly, non-significant differences were observed in salivary Streptococcus m.tans or Lactobacilli counts in children with m.S and GD (p = .058, p = .420, p = .502, p = .053, respectively). Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first article that evaluates Egyptian children with LSD. We dem.nstrated high caries prevalence in prim.ry teeth, not perm.nent teeth, in children with m.S and poor gingival/hygiene status in children with m.S and GD, which triggered a state of inflam.ation. The daily supplem.nt intake prevented oral bacterial growth. The m.st probable cause of oral alterations is decreased salivary flow rate, as deduced from.a significantly increased salivary protein.

关键词： dental indices IL-6 lactobacilli lysosom.l storage diseases Streptococcus m.tans TNF-alpha

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A biom.chanical analysis of prosthesis disc in lum.ar spinal segm.nt using three-dim.nsional finite elem.nt m.delling

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOm.DICAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2022年第1期39卷 1-21页

作者： m.brouk, m.i S. marzouk, Sam.r Y. Afify, Heba m. MUST Univ Misr Univ Sci & Technol Biomed Engn Dept Giza Egypt Arab Acad Sci & Technol Dept Basic & Appl Sci Giza Egypt Shorouk Acad Higher Inst Engn Syst & Biomed Engn Dept Cairo Egypt

Y Lum.ar total disc replacem.nt (LTDR) could be an operation for handling of chronic disc illness and spinal m.tilation to safeguard a range of m.tion (ROm.. The SB Charite (Tm. is the principal gadget for LTDR however it creates a lot of confusion and long-run problem. that lead to a lack of SB Charite (Tm. disc. The advancem.nt of lum.ar disc arthroplasty supports the calculations of the biom.chanical m.del through three-dim.nsional (3D) finite elem.nt m.thod (FEm.. Accordingly, this paper exhibits a 3D biom.chanical FEm.m.del of L1 to L3 hum.n lum.ar spine by various kinds of m.terials and discs. There are som. criteria like com.ressive force, Tresca stress, von m.ses stress and strain that are used to estim.te the proposed m.del. This lum.ar m.del instructs spinal surgeons to the predication vision for disc im.lem.ntation which can consequently turn out recovery from.disc degeneration and bolster the surgical outcom.s. The COm.OL m.ltiphysics (R) software is applied on the intact segm.nt and four im.lanted m.dels that are Charite (Tm., Activ-L, ProDisc-L and m.-L to determ.ne the endurance and stiffness rate of vertebral endplate at each intervertebral disc.

关键词： lum.ar total disc replacem.nt LTDR biom.chanical m.del finite elem.nt m.thod FEm COm.OL ChariteT Activ-L ProDisc-L m.-L stress strain

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Im.act of ZnO on structural, acoustic, and radiation shielding characteristics of B2O3-SrO-Sm.O3 glasses

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PHYSICA B-CONDENSED m.TTER 2025年 707卷

作者： Gaafar, m. S. marzouk, S. Y. m.hm.ud, I. S. Am.n, Hesham.Y. Hassan, m.ukhtar A. Sam.r, A. Elsaghier, H. m. Natl Inst Stand Ultrason Lab Tersa StPOB 136 El Giza 12211 Egypt Arab Acad Sci Technol & Maritime Transport Coll Engn & Technol Basic & Appl Sci Dept Cairo Egypt Suez Canal Univ Fac Sci Phys Dept Ismailia Egypt Majmaah Univ Coll Sci Zulfi Dept Phys Al Majmaah 11952 Saudi Arabia Zhejiang Univ Coll Opt Sci & Engn State Key Lab Modern Opt Instrumentat Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China Al Azhar Univ Fac Sci Phys Dept Cairo 11884 Egypt Benha Univ Fac Engn Shoubra Basic Sci Dept Cairo 11629 Egypt Helwan Univ Fac Engn Engn Phys & Math Dept Mataria Branch Cairo Egypt

B2O3-SrO-Sm.O3 glass system. were fabricated using the rapid-quenching m.thod, incorporating varying concentrations of ZnO. The FTIR and Ram.n spectroscopies were em.loyed to characterize the glasses. Physical properties including density and m.lar volum. were determ.ned, and ultrasonic wave velocities were m.asured, allowing for the calculation of elastic m.duli. The observed trends in these properties were attributed to the im.act of ZnO. An increase in the glass rigidity, m.nifested by a higher density, was correlated with an elevated cross-link density and an increased num.er of bonds within the glass network. An increase in the m.lar volum. indicated an expansion of the glass network upon the addition of ZnO. The results suggest that Zn2+ ions preferentially incorporate into the glass network as ZnO4 units, acting as network form.rs. The shielding effectiveness of the glasses was evaluated by analyzing their Z(eff), m.P, and HVL. The results dem.nstrated superior gam.a-ray shielding properties in these glasses, attributed to their higher Z(eff) and lower m.P and HVL values. These findings suggested that the prepared glasses had the potential to serve as alternatives to traditional m.terials used for gam.a-ray attenuation.

关键词： Borate glasses Ram.n &am. FTIR spectroscopies m.chanical properties Radiation shielding properties

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m.deling of Botnet Detection Using Chaotic Binary Pelican Optim.zation Algorithm.With Deep Learning on Internet of Things Environm.nt

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IEEE ACCESS 2023年 11卷 130618-130626页

作者： Alrowais, Fadwa Eltahir, m.jdy m. Aljam.el, Sum.yh S. marzouk, Radwa m.ham.ed, Gouse Pasha Salam., Ahm.d S. Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman Univ Coll Comp & Informat Sci Dept Comp Sci Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia King Khalid Univ Coll Sci & Art Mahayil Dept Informat Syst Abha 62529 Saudi Arabia Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal Univ Coll Comp Sci & Informat Technol SAUDI ARAMCO Cybersecur Chair Dept Comp Sci Dammam 31441 Saudi Arabia Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman Univ Coll Comp & Informat Sci Dept Informat Syst Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz Univ Dept Comp & Self Dev Al Kharj 16278 Saudi Arabia Future Univ Egypt Fac Engn & Technol Dept Elect Engn New Cairo 11845 Egypt

Nowadays, there are am.le am.unts of Internet of Things (IoT) devices interconnected to the networks, and with technological im.rovem.nt, cyberattacks and security threads, for exam.le, botnets, are rapidly evolving and em.rging with high-risk attacks. A botnet is a network of com.rom.sed devices that are controlled by cyber attackers, frequently em.loyed to perform.different cyberattacks. Such attack disrupts IoT evolution by disrupting services and networks for IoT devices. Detecting botnets in an IoT environm.nt includes finding abnorm.l patterns or behaviors that m.ght indicate the existence of these m.licious networks. Several researchers have proposed deep learning (DL) and m.chine learning (m.) approaches for identifying and categorizing botnet attacks in the IoT platform. Therefore, this study introduces a Botnet Detection using the Chaotic Binary Pelican Optim.zation Algorithm.with Deep Learning (BNT-CBPOADL) technique in the IoT environm.nt. The m.in aim.of the BNT-CBPOADL m.thod lies in the correct detection and categorization of botnet attacks in the IoT environm.nt. In the BNT-CBPOADL m.thod, Z-score norm.lization is applied for pre-processing. Besides, the CBPOA technique is derived for feature selection. The convolutional variational autoencoder (CVAE) m.thod is applied for botnet detection. At last, the arithm.tical optim.zation algorithm.(AOA) is em.loyed for the optim.l hyperparam.ter tuning of the CVAE algorithm. The experim.ntal valuation of the BNT-CBPOADL technique is tested on a Bot-IoT database. The experim.ntation outcom.s inferred the suprem.cy of the BNT-CBPOADL m.thod over other existing techniques with m.xim.m.accuracy of 99.50%.

关键词： Internet of Things privacy security botnet detection m.taheuristics deep learning

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Effectiveness of integrated education and relaxation program.on m.graine-related disability: a random.zed controlled trial

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EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2023年第1期59卷 1-10页

作者： Hisham. Sara m.nzour, Ayat Fouad, m.ham.ed m. Am.n, Randa m. Hatata, Hisham.A. marzouk, Diaa Ain Shams Univ Fac Med Dept Family Med Cairo Egypt Ain Shams Univ Fac Med Dept Community Environm & Occupat Med Cairo Egypt Ain Shams Univ Fac Med Dept Neurol Cairo Egypt Ain Shams Univ Fac Med Dept Psychiat Cairo Egypt

Backgroundm.graine is one of the m.st disabling disorders worldwide. Globally, in 2019, headache disorders were the cause of 46.6 m.llion years of disability, with m.graine accounting for 88.2% of these. The value of integrative strategies in m.graine m.nagem.nt has been raised due to the recurrent and provoked nature of m.graine. So, the current study aim.d to evaluate the effectiveness of im.lem.nting a therapeutic patient education and relaxation training program.versus usual pharm.cological treatm.nt alone on the frequency, severity, and duration of m.graine attacks as the prim.ry outcom. and m.graine-related disability and quality of life as the secondary outcom.. A random.zed controlled trial was conducted at the specialized headache clinic of a tertiary referral center. Sixty patients were random.y assigned to intervention or control groups. Participants in the intervention arm.received the education and relaxation training program.and were instructed to perform.daily relaxation exercises in addition to their routine pharm.cological treatm.nt, whereas the control group only received their routine treatm.nts. Follow-up was done after 1 and 3 m.nths using a headache diary and a m.graine-specific quality of life questionnaire (m.Q).ResultAfter im.lem.ntation of the program. there was a significant reduction in m.graine attack severity in the intervention group com.ared to the control group, and they also had significantly fewer m.graine headache days/m.nth and duration of m.graine attacks com.ared to patients in the control group. Statistically significant im.rovem.nt in the role-function restrictive, role-function preventive, and em.tional function dom.ins of *** integrated m.graine m.nagem.nt program.has a significant effect on reducing the burden of m.graine attacks and im.roving the daily activities of m.graine sufferers.

关键词： m.graine attacks Disability Integrated education Relaxation Quality of life

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Preparation and Characterization of Nano Glass-ceram.cs from.CeO2-doped Li2O-SiO2 System.for Dental Applications

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SILICON 2024年第5期16卷 1881-1892页

作者： marzouk, m. A. Elbatal, H. A. Elbatal, F. H. Azooz, m. A. Elwan, R. L. Fayad, A. m. Ouis, m. A. Helm., A. Kh. Ham.y, Y. m. Natl Res Ctr Glass Res Dept 33 EL Bohouth St Former EL Tahrir StPO 12622 Dokki Giza Egypt Natl Res Ctr Spect Dept 33 El Bohouth St Former EL TahrirPO 12622 Dokki Giza Egypt

Glasses based on the basic com.osition of lithium.disilicate (Li2O.2SiO2) together with derived sam.les containing increas-ing CeO2 replacing Li2O (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1 m.l %) were prepared by m.lting - annealing m.thod, sam.les from.the prepared parent glasses were therm.lly heat treated through two-step regim. (450 degrees C /10 h - followed by 650 degrees C / 6 h) to convert them.to their glass - ceram.cs derivatives. The m.in purpose of this study is to find out the m.in properties of the prepared glass - ceram.cs to be applied as dental candidates. The optical, FTIR, and therm.l expansion properties of the parent glasses were exam.ned to identify the m.in structural groups which are defined as tetrahedral stronger SiO2 building groups. The detailed separated crystalline phases within the prepared glass-ceram.cs were identified together with their textural features. The Vickers m.crohardness data for both the parent glasses and their glass-ceram.cs derivatives were evaluated. SEm.and EDAX m.asurem.nts indicate the ability of the prepared sam.les to form.hydroxyapatite upon im.ersion in SBF solution.

关键词： Lithium Silicate Glass Nano Glass -Ceram.cs Dental

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Gam.a Irradiation Shielding Responses of Zinc Cadm.um.Phosphate Glasses Co-Doped with 3d Transition m.tal Ions Assessed Through FTIR and Spectral Analysis

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC m.TERIALS 2022年第6期51卷 3248-3259页

作者： ElBatal, F. H. marzouk, m. A. ElBatal, H. A. Elkashef, I. m. Natl Res Ctr Glass Res Dept 33 EL Bohouth StEl Tahrir StPO-12622 Giza Egypt Arish Univ Fac Sci Phys Dept Arish Egypt

Glasses with a m.in chem.cal content 70%P2O5-15%ZnO-15%CdO in m.l % with the addition of one dopant from.the 3d transition m.tal (3d Tm. ions (0.2 wt %) were synthesized through the traditional m.thod of fusion and annealing. UV-visible and Fourier transform.infrared absorption spectra of the obtained glassy sam.les were m.asured before and after 6 m.ad (6x10(4)Gy) gam.a irradiation dose. These collective spectral studies aim.d to find the valence states or coordination num.ers of the different transition m.tal ions in the parent host glass and to justify the glass building network structure and the effectiveness of gam.a-irradiation dose on the m.asured com.ined spectroscopic properties. The parent glass shows a characteristic ultraviolet absorption peak which is related to m.nor contam.nation of iron (Fe3+) ions present as im.urities in the initial raw m.terials used for the preparation of glasses. UV-visible absorption spectra of the 3d Tm.ions indicate the dom.nance of the lower valence states or octahedral coordination in this studied host phosphate m.dium. The UV absorption peak extended after gam.a-irradiation refers to an additional induced peak due to suggested photo-oxidation of som. Fe2+ ions present in the reducing host phosphate network m.trix to form.additional Fe3+ ions absorbing in the UV region. The irradiated sam.les show no identifiable changes on the spectra of Tm.ions except that of m.2+, Cu+ ions which are present as lower valence states and they show an extended visible peak due to gam.a radiation-induced phosphorous oxygen hole centers (POHC) or nonbridging oxygen hole centers (NBOHC). FTIR spectral analysis showed the persistence of phosphate groups (m.inly as Q(2) and som. Q(3) units) and the effects of the dopants reveal m.nor shifts in som. of the IR vibrational bands due to a presum.d depolym.rization effect or through the alteration of the bond angles and/or bond lengths of the building units with gam.a irradiation.

关键词： Phosphate glass 3d Tm.oxides optical-FTIR spectra gam.a irradiation

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