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Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2: Experience with rapid immunochromatography tests and RT-qPCR

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY PLUS 2025年第2期5卷 100207-100207页

作者： Gaytan, David Alejandro Cabrera Bautista, Porfirio Felipe Hernandez Tinoco, Clara Esperanza Santacruz Yaah, Julio Elias Alvarado Hernandez, Yu-Mei Anguiano Miguel, Bernardo Martinez Paras, Alfonso Vallejos Nieto, Lumumba Arriaga Gutierrez, Nancy Sandoval muniz, concepcion grajales Paz, Alejandro Moctezuma Betancourt, Leticia Jaimes Inst Mexicano Seguro Social Coordinac Calidad Insumos & Labs Especializados Ciudad De Mexico Mexico Inst Mexicano Seguro Social Coordinac Vigilancia Epidemiol Ciudad De Mexico Mexico Inst Mexicano Seguro Social Bienestar IMSS BIENEST Organismo Publ Descentralizado Serv Salud Ciudad De Mexico Mexico Inst Mexicano Seguro Social Coordinacio Invest Salud Ciudad De Mexico Mexico Inst Mexicano Seguro Social Unidad Med Familiar 7 Ciudad De Mexico Mexico

Background: Mexico has experienced six waves were experiences between 2019 and 2023 of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In the first wave, diagnosis relied on RT-qPCR;rapid tests for SARS-CoV-2 were introduced from the second wave onward. However, the patterns of results with this test in Mexico have not been documented in population-based studies. Objective: To describe the temporal patterns of the results from RT-qPCR and rapid immunochromatography tests for SARS-CoV-2 detection from the second to the sixth epidemic wave in Mexico. Materials and methods: This was a multicenter study at the national level. The operational definition of suspected cases of viral respiratory illness, confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 in Mexico, and data for asymptomatic individuals who required rapid testing between 2020 and 2023 were employed;testing was employed for the entirety of the four years. Positivity was estimated per epidemiological week, state, and condition for both tests. Spearman's correlation coefficient, trend chi-square analysis, and odds ratios with 95 % confidence intervals were used. Results: A total of 1749,765 cases had RT-qPCR data recorded from 2020 to 2023, and 8356,903 cases with rapid tests were conducted for virus identification. Compared with the rest of the country, the southeastern region exhibited different patterns. The positivity rate of rapid tests from the epidemiological surveillance system was lower than that of RT-qPCR during interepidemics periods, whereas the positivity rate of rapid tests for symptomatic individuals was higher than that of RT-qPCR tests over two years. Conclusion: Rapid tests for SARS-CoV-2 identification in Mexico were affordable and timely at the local level. These tests revealed differing epidemic wave patterns in the southeastern region of the country.

关键词： RT-qPCR SARS-CoV-2 Rapid antigen test Epidemiological surveillance RdRp gene

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Seasonal vaccine effectiveness against pandemic A/H1N1 reply

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LANCET 2010年第9717期375卷 802-803页

作者： Echevarria-Zuno, Santiago Manuel Mejia-Arangure, Juan grajales-muniz, concepcion Gonzalez-Bonilla, Cesar Hugo Borja-Aburto, Victor Inst Mexicano Seguro Social Direcc Prestac Med Unidad Salud Publ Mexico City 3100 DF Mexico

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Epidemiological Characterization of a Fourth Wave of Pandemic A/H1N1 Influenza in Mexico, Winter 2011-2012: Age Shift and Severity

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ARCHIVES OF MEDICAL RESEARCH 2012年第7期43卷 563-570页

作者： Borja-Aburto, Victor H. Chowell, Gerardo Viboud, Cecile Simonsen, Lone Miller, Mark A. grajales-muniz, concepcion Gonzalez-Bonilla, Cesar R. Diaz-Quinonez, Jose A. Echevarria-Zuno, Santiago Arizona State Univ Sch Human Evolut & Social Change Math Computat & Modeling Sci Ctr Tempe AZ 85287 USA Inst Mexicano Seguro Social Coordinac Vigilancia Epidemiol & Apoyo Contingenc Mexico City DF Mexico NIH Fogarty Int Ctr Div Epidemiol & Populat Studies Bethesda MD 20892 USA George Washington Univ Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv Dept Global Hlth Washington DC USA Inst Mexicano Seguro Social Direcc Prestaciones Med Mexico City DF Mexico

Background and Aims. A substantial recrudescent wave of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 affected the Mexican population from December 1, 2011-March 20, 2012 following a 2-year period of sporadic transmission. Methods. We analyzed demographic and geographic data on all hospitalizations with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) and laboratory-confirmed A/H1N1 influenza, and inpatient deaths, from a large prospective surveillance system maintained by a Mexican social security medical system during April 1, 2009-March 20, 2012. We also estimated the reproduction number (R) based on the growth rate of the daily case incidence by date of symptoms onset. Results. A total of 7569 SARI hospitalizations and 443 in-patient deaths (5.9%) were reported between December 1, 2011, and March 20, 2012 (1115 A/H1N1-positive inpatients and 154 A/H1N1-positive deaths). The proportion of laboratory-confirmed A/H1N1 hospitalizations and deaths was higher among subjects >= 60 years of age (chi(2) test, p <0.0001) and lower among younger age groups (chi(2) test, p <0.04) for the 2011-2012 pandemic wave compared to the earlier waves in 2009. The reproduction number of the winter 2011-2012 wave in central Mexico was estimated at 1.2-1.3, similar to that reported for the fall 2009 wave, but lower than that of spring 2009. Conclusions. We documented a substantial increase in the number of SARI hospitalizations during the period December 2011-March 2012 and an older age distribution of laboratory-confirmed A/H1N1 influenza hospitalizations and deaths relative to 2009 A/H1N1 pandemic patterns. The gradual change in the age distribution of A/H1N1 infections in the post-pandemic period is consistent with a build-up of immunity among younger populations. (C) 2012 IMSS. Published by Elsevier Inc.

关键词： A/H1N1 influenza pandemic Hospitalizations Deaths Age distribution Transmissibility

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Pandemic influenza A/H1N1 virus infection and TNF, LTA, IL1B, IL6, IL8, and CCL polymorphisms in Mexican population: a case-control study

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BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2012年第1期12卷 1-9页

作者： Morales-Garcia, Guadalupe Falfan-Valencia, Ramces Alejandro Garcia-Ramirez, Roman Camarena, Angel Ramirez-Venegas, Alejandra Castillejos-Lopez, Manuel Perez-Rodriguez, Martha Gonzalez-Bonilla, Cesar grajales-muniz, concepcion Borja-Aburto, Victor Manuel Mejia-Arangure, Juan IMSS Mexico City 06720 DF Mexico Inst Nacl Enfermedades Resp Ismael Cosio Villegas Mexico City 14080 DF Mexico IMSS Mexico City 03100 DF Mexico

Background: Some patients have a greater response to viral infection than do others having a similar level of viral replication. Hypercytokinemia is the principal immunopathological mechanism that contributes to a severer clinical course in cases of influenza A/H1N1. The benefit produced, or damage caused, by these cytokines in severe disease is not known. The genes that code for these molecules are polymorphic and certain alleles have been associated with susceptibility to various diseases. The objective of the present study was to determine whether there was an association between polymorphisms of TNF, LTA, IL1B, IL6, IL8, and CCL1 and the infection and severity of the illness caused by the pandemic A/H1N1 in Mexico in 2009. Methods: Case-control study. The cases were patients confirmed with real time PCR with infection by the A/H1N1 pandemic virus. The controls were patients with infection like to influenza and non-familial healthy contacts of the patients with influenza. Medical history and outcome of the disease was registered. The DNA samples were genotyped for polymorphisms TNF rs361525, rs1800629, and rs1800750;LTA rs909253;IL1B rs16944;IL6 rs1818879;IL8 rs4073;and CCL1 rs2282691. Odds ratio (OR) and the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated. The logistic regression model was adjusted by age and severity of the illness in cases. Results: Infection with the pandemic A/H1N1 virus was associated with the following genotypes: TNF rs361525 AA, OR = 27.00;95% CI = 3.07-1248.77);LTA rs909253 AG (OR = 4.33, 95% CI = 1.82-10.32);TNF rs1800750 AA (OR = 4.33, 95% CI = 1.48-12.64);additionally, LTA rs909253 AG showed a limited statistically significant association with mortality (p = 0.06, OR = 3.13). Carriers of the TNF rs1800629 GA genotype were associated with high levels of blood urea nitrogen (p = 0.05);those of the TNF rs1800750 AA genotype, with high levels of creatine phosphokinase (p = 0.05). The IL1B rs16944 AA genotype was associated with an elevat

关键词： TNF, IL1B, IL8, IL6, LTA, CCL1 Influenza AH1N1

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Infection and death from influenza A H1N1 virus in Mexico: a retrospective analysis

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LANCET 2009年第9707期374卷 2072-2079页

作者： Echevarria-Zuno, Santiago Manuel Mejia-Arangure, Juan Mar-Obeso, Alvaro J. grajales-muniz, concepcion Robles-Perez, Eduardo Gonzalez-Leon, Margot Carlos Ortega-Alvarez, Manuel Gonzalez-Bonilla, Cesar Alberto Rascon-Pacheco, Ramon Hugo Borja-Aburto, Victor Inst Mexicano Seguro Social Direcc Prestaciones Med Unidad Salud Publ Mexico City 03100 DF Mexico

Background in April, 2009, the first cases of influenza A H1N1 were registered in Mexico and associated with an unexpected number of deaths. We report the timing and spread of H1N1 in cases, and explore protective and risk factors for infection, severe disease, and death. Methods We analysed information gathered by the influenza surveillance system from April 28 to July 31, 2009, for patients with influenza-like illness who attended clinics that were part of the Mexican Institute for Social Security network. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) to compare risks of testing positive for H1N1 in those with influenza-like illness at clinic visits, the risk of admission for laboratory-confirmed cases of H1N1, and of death for inpatients according to demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, seasonal influenza vaccine status, and elapsed time from symptom onset to admission. Findings By July 31, 63 479 cases of influenza-like illness were reported;6945 (11%) cases of H1N1 were confirmed, 6407 (92%) were outpatients, 475 (7%) were admitted and survived, and 63 (<1%) died. Those aged 10-39 years were most affected (3922 [56%]). Mortality rates showed a J-shaped curve, with greatest risk in those aged 70 years and older (10.3%). Risk of infection was lowered in those who had been vaccinated for seasonal influenza (OR 0.65 [95% CI 0.55-0.77]). Delayed admission (1.19 [1.11-1.28] per day) and presence of chronic diseases (6.1 [2.37-15.99]) were associated with increased risk of dying. Interpretation Risk communication and hospital preparedness are key factors to reduce mortality from H1N1 infection. Protective effects of seasonal influenza vaccination for the virus need to be investigated.

关键词： Influenza A virus (H1N1) clinic influenza Influenza-like illness Influenza vaccination Mortality Influenzavirus type A, avian, H1N1 strain Risk Factors Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype cases (containers) SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS Mexico

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Efficacy and Safety of Vitamin D Supplementation to Prevent COVID-19 in Frontline Healthcare Workers. A Randomized Clinical Trial

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ARCHIVES OF MEDICAL RESEARCH 2022年第4期53卷 423-430页

作者： Villasis-Keever, Miguel A. Lopez-Alarcon, Mardia G. Miranda-Novales, Guadalupe Zurita-Cruz, Jessie N. Barrada-Vazquez, Aly S. Gonzalez-Ibarra, Joaquin Martinez-Reyes, Monserrat grajales-muniz, concepcion Santacruz-Tinoco, ClaraE Martinez-Miguel, Bernardo Maldonado-Hernandez, Jorge Cifuentes-Gonzalez, Yazmin Klünder-Klünder, Miguel Garduno-Espinosa, Juan Lopez-Martinez, Briseida Parra-Ortega, Israel Inst Mexicano Seguro Social Ctr Med Nacl Siglo 21 Unidad Investigac Analisis & Sintesis Evidencia Mexico City Mexico Inst Mexicano Seguro Social Ctr Med Nacl Siglo 21 Unidad Investigac Med Nutr Mexico City Mexico Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico Fac Med Mexico City DF Mexico Hosp Infantil Mexico Dr Federico Gomez Mexico City DF Mexico Inst Mexicano Seguro Social Coordinac Investigac Salud Mexico City Mexico Inst Mexicano Seguro Social Ctr Med Nacl Raza Lab Cent Epidemiol Mexico City DF Mexico Hosp Infantil Mexico Dr Federico Gomez Mexico City Mexico

Background. Associations between vitamin D (VD) deficiency and the risk of SARS-CoV2 infection have been documented in cross-sectional population studies. Intervention studies in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 have failed to consistently document a beneficial effect. Objective. To determine the efficacy and safety of VD-supplementation in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection in highly exposed individuals. Methods. A double-blind, parallel, randomized trial was conducted. Frontline health-care workers from four hospitals in Mexico City, who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 infection, were enrolled between July 15 and December 30, 2020. Participants were randomly assigned to receive 4,000 IU VD (VDG) or placebo (PG) daily for 30 d. RTPCR tests were taken at baseline and repeated if COVID-19 manifestations appeared during follow-up. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and antibody tests were measured at baseline and at day 45. Per-protocol and intention-to-treat analysis were conducted. Results. Of 321 recruited subjects, 94 VDG and 98 PG completed follow-up. SARS-CoV2 infection rate was lower in VDG than in PG (6.4 vs. 24.5%, p <0.001). The risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection was lower in the VDG than in the PG (RR: 0.23;95% CI: 0.09-0.55) and was associated with an increment in serum levels of 25hydroxyvitamin D3 (RR: 0.87;95% CI: 0.82-0.93), independently of VD deficiency. No significant adverse events were identified. Conclusions. Our results suggest that VD-supplementation in highly exposed individuals prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection without serious AEs and regardless of VD status. (C) 2022 Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Vitamin D Healthcare workers 25-hydroxyvitamin D3

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Prevención de Infecciones Nosocomiales Posterior a Inundación Hospitalaria

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Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 2017年第S1期24卷 s69-s69页

作者： concepcion grajales muniz Miguel Romero Tellez E. Bernal Vazquez Asociacion Panamericana de Medicina de Emergencias Y Desastres Mexico

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Longevity and Neutralizing Capacity of IgG Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Generated by the Application of BNT162b2, AZD1222, Convidecia, Sputnik V, and CoronaVac Vaccines: a Cohort Study in the Mexican Population

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MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM 2023年第1期11卷 e0237622页

作者： Fernandes-Matano, Larissa Gustavo Salas-Lais, Angel grajales-muniz, concepcion Hernandez-Avila, Mauricio Omar Garfias-Becerra, Yonathan Cesar Rodriguez-Sepulveda, Mario Segura-Sanchez, Carlos Montes-Herrera, Daniel Mendoza-Sanchez, Denisse Angeles-Martinez, Javier Santos Coy-Arechavaleta, Andrea Elias Alvarado-Yaah, Julio Esperanza Santacruz-Tinoco, Clara Ramon-Gallegos, Eva Esteban Munoz-Medina, Jose Inst Mexicano Seguro Social Coordinac Calidad Insumos & Labs Especializados Mexico City DF Mexico Inst Politecn Nacl Escuela Nacl Ciencias Biol Programa Doctorado Biomed & Biotecnol Mol Mexico City DF Mexico Inst Mexicano Seguro Social Lab Cent Epidemiol Mexico City DF Mexico Oficina Vigilancia Epidemiol Programa IMSS Bienes Mexico City DF Mexico Inst Mexicano Seguro Social Direcc Prestn Econ & Sociales Mexico City DF Mexico Conde De Valenciana Fdn Inst Ophthalmol Res Unit Mexico City DF Mexico Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico Fac Med Dept Biochem Mexico City DF Mexico Inst Mexicano Seguro Social Div Labs Especializados Mexico City DF Mexico

The WHO has approved the use of several vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic;experience over the last 2 years has indicated that dose demand can only be covered using more than one design. Therefore, having scientific evidence of the performance of the different vaccines applied in a country is highly relevant. In Mexico, 5 vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were used, allowing a cohort study to analyze the generation of anti-S1/S2 IgG antibodies and anti-RBD antibodies with neutralizing activity at 0, 21, 90, and 180 days after vaccination. Five groups of participants were formed on the basis of the type of vaccine received and were divided on the basis of whether they previously had or did not have COVID-19. After completing the vaccination schedule, the seroprevalence was 95.5, 97.5, 81.0, 95.2, and 90.0% (BNT162b2, AZD1222, Convidecia, Sputnik V, and CoronaVac, respectively). Among the participants without COVID-19 prior to vaccination, the largest amount of antibodies in the 90-day period was observed in the BNT162b2 group, and the amount of antibodies in the Sputnik V group decreased the least over time. Even though the percentages of seroconversion obtained in this study were lower than those currently reported in other parts of the world, the tested vaccines are able, in most cases, to induce a good production of IgG antibodies anti-S1/S2 and neutralizing capacity. The fact that there are people who have not produced antibodies during the study leaves open some questions that must be investigated to avoid the appearance of serious cases of *** Since the start of the vaccination programs against COVID-19 in 2020, it was evident that due to global shortages, the demand for the dose required in Mexico could only be covered by acquiring different vaccines. Therefore, determining the effectiveness of these and the longevity of acquired immunity is extremely important in a scenario where SARS-CoV-2 circul

关键词： longevity antibodies vaccines

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Emergence and spread of the potential variant of interest (VOI) B.1.1.519 of SARS-CoV-2 predominantly present in Mexico

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ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY 2021年第11期166卷 3173-3177页

作者： Paulina Rodriguez-Maldonado, Abril Armando Vazquez-Perez, Joel Cedro-Tanda, Alberto Taboada, Blanca Boukadida, Celia Wong-Arambula, Claudia Ernestina Nunez-Garcia, Tatiana Cruz-Ortiz, Natividad Barrera-Badillo, Gisela Hernandez-Rivas, Lucia Lopez-Martinez, Irma Mendoza-Vargas, Alfredo Pablo Reyes-Grajeda, Juan Alcaraz, Nicolas Penaloza-Figueroa, Fernando Gonzalez-Barrera, Dulibeth Rangel-DeLeon, Daniel Alonso Herrera-Montalvo, Luis Mejia-Nepomuceno, Fidencio Hernandez-Teran, Alejandra Mujica-Sanchez, Mario Becerril-Vargas, Eduardo Arturo Martinez-Orozco, Jose Perez-Padilla, Rogelio Salas-Hernandez, Jorge Sanchez-Flores, Alejandro Isa, Pavel Matias-Florentino, Margarita Avila-Rios, Santiago Esteban Munoz-Medina, Jose grajales-muniz, concepcion Gustavo Salas-Lais, Angel Santos Coy-Arechavaleta, Andrea Hidalgo-Miranda, Alfredo Arias, Carlos F. Ernesto Ramirez-Gonzalez, Jose Inst Diagnost & Referencia Epidemiol Dr Manuel Ma Direcc Gen Epidemiol Mexico City DF Mexico Inst Nacl Med Genom Mexico City DF Mexico Inst Nacl Enfermedades Resp Mexico City DF Mexico Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico Inst Biotecnol Cuernavaca Morelos Mexico Inst Nacl Enfermedades Resp Ismael Cosio Villegas Ctr Invest Enfermedades Infecciosas Mexico City DF Mexico Inst Mexicano Seguro Social Mexico City DF Mexico

SARS-CoV-2 variants emerged in late 2020, and at least three variants of concern (B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P1) have been reported by WHO. These variants have several substitutions in the spike protein that affect receptor binding;they exhibit increased transmissibility and may be associated with reduced vaccine effectiveness. In the present work, we report the identification of a potential variant of interest, harboring the mutations T478K, P681H, and T732A in the spike protein, within the newly named lineage B.1.1.519, that rapidly outcompeted the preexisting variants in Mexico and has been the dominant virus in the country during the first trimester of 2021.

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Metagenomic analysis reveals differences in the co-occurrence and abundance of viral species in SARS-CoV-2 patients with different severity of disease

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BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022年第1期22卷 792-792页

作者： Isa, Pavel Taboada, Blanca Garcia-Lopez, Rodrigo Boukadida, Celia Ernesto Ramirez-Gonzalez, Jose Armando Vazquez-Perez, Joel Hernandez-Teran, Alejandra Angel Romero-Espinoza, Jose Esteban Munoz-Medina, Jose grajales-muniz, concepcion Rincon-Rubio, Alma Matias-Florentino, Margarita Sanchez-Flores, Alejandro Mendieta-Condado, Edgar Barrera-Badillo, Gisela Lopez, Susana Hernandez-Rivas, Lucia Lopez-Martinez, Irma Avila-Rios, Santiago Arias, Carlos F. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico Inst Biotecnol Dept Genet Desarrollo & Fisiol Mol Cuernavaca Morelos Mexico Inst Nacl Enfermedades Resp Ismael Cosio Villegas Ctr Invest Enfermedades Infecciosas Mexico City DF Mexico Inst Diagnost & Referencia Epidemiol Direcc Gen Epidemiol Ciudad De Mexico Mexico Inst Nacl Enfermedades Resp Ismael Cosio Villegas Mexico City DF Mexico Inst Mexicano Seguro Social Coordinac Calidad Insumos & Labs Especializados Mexico City DF Mexico Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico Unidad Univ Secuenciac Mas & Bioinformat Inst Biotecnol Cuernavaca Morelos Mexico

Background SARS-CoV-2 infections have a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations whose causes are not completely understood. Some human conditions predispose to severe outcome, like old age or the presence of comorbidities, but many other facets, including coinfections with other viruses, remain poorly characterized. Methods In this study, the eukaryotic fraction of the respiratory virome of 120 COVID-19 patients was characterized through whole metagenomic sequencing. Results Genetic material from respiratory viruses was detected in 25% of all samples, whereas human viruses other than SARS-CoV-2 were found in 80% of them. Samples from hospitalized and deceased patients presented a higher prevalence of different viruses when compared to ambulatory individuals. Small circular DNA viruses from the Anneloviridae (Torque teno midi virus 8, TTV-like mini virus 19 and 26) and Cycloviridae families (Human associated cyclovirus 10), Human betaherpesvirus 6, were found to be significantly more abundant in samples from deceased and hospitalized patients compared to samples from ambulatory individuals. Similarly, Rotavirus A, Measles morbillivirus and Alphapapilomavirus 10 were significantly more prevalent in deceased patients compared to hospitalized and ambulatory individuals. Conclusions Results show the suitability of using metagenomics to characterize a broader peripheric virological landscape of the eukaryotic virome in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with distinct disease outcomes. Identified prevalent viruses in hospitalized and deceased patients may prove important for the targeted exploration of coinfections that may impact prognosis.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Respiratory viruses Metagenomic sequencing COVID-19 Disease severity

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