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Lower serum magnesium concentration and higher 24-h urinary magnesium excretion despite higher dietary magnesium intake in athletes:a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2023年第5期12卷 1471-1480页

作者： Haixin zhang ruwen Wang Shanshan Guo Qianqian Tian Shuang zhang Liang Guo Tiemin Liu Ru Wang School of Kinesiology Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China Department of Physical Education Huainan Normal UniversityHuainan 232038China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismSchool of Life SciencesInstitute of Metabolism and Integrative BiologyHuman Phenome InstituteZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China School of Kinesiology Harbin Sport UniversityHarbin 150008China

Magnesium plays a critical role in the human's life activities and energy metabolism. This study aimed to evaluate the magnesium status of athletes via a systematic review of cross-sectional studies. A comprehensive systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Library electronic databases, and other sources before April 5, 2021. Fourteen studies were included in the systematic review, involving 855 athletes and 521 control subjects. Serum magnesium concentration was significantly lower in athletes(mean difference(MD):-0.04 mmol/L;95% confidence interval(CI):-0.06 to-0.01;P = 0.02)in spite of significantly higher dietary magnesium intake(MD: 51.72 mg/day;95% CI: 14.62 to 88.83;P = 0.006). Meta-analysis showed that 24-h urinary magnesium excretion in athletes was significantly higher than that in the untrained population(MD: 0.76 mmol/day;95% CI: 0.11 to 1.41;P = 0.02). Despite higher total dietary magnesium intake, athletes generally have lower serum magnesium concentration and higher 24-h urinary magnesium excretion, demonstrating that the magnesium requirement of athletes is higher than the untrained population. It is necessary to carry out a dietary assessment and nutrition counseling to help athletes adopt proper diets to meet their nutritional needs in exercise.

关键词： Athletes Magnesium status Dietary magnesium intake Serum magnesium

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Robust Optimal Dispatch of AC/DC Hybrid Microgrids Considering Generation and Load Uncertainties and Energy Storage Loss

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS 2018年第6期33卷 5945-5957页

作者： Zhao, Bo Qiu, Haifeng Qin, ruwen zhang, Xuesong Gu, Wei Wang, Caisheng State Grid Zhejiang Elect Power Res Inst Hangzhou 310014 Zhejiang Peoples R China Southeast Univ Sch Elect Engn Nanjing 210096 Jiangsu Peoples R China Missouri Univ Sci & Technol Dept Engn Management & Syst Engn Rolla MO 65409 USA Wayne State Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Detroit MI 48202 USA

Uncertainties from generation sources and loads have introduced tremendous challenges to the optimal dispatch of microgrids. This paper presents a novel two-stage min-max-min robust optimal dispatch model for a representative islanded ac/dc hybrid microgrid that faces uncertainties in renewable energy generation and customer loads. The first stage of the model determines the startup/shutdown state of the diesel engine generator and the operating state of the bidirectional converter of the microgrid. Then, the second stage optimizes the power dispatch of individual units in the microgrid. A new linearized equipment cost model is developed, counting for the degradation of energy storage. The use of this linear model helps maintain the linearity of the objective function without compromising solution accuracy. The columnand-constraint generation algorithm is implemented to efficiently obtain a robust dispatching plan for the microgrid, which minimizes the daily operating cost in the worst-case scenario. A case study and sensitivity analyses further demonstrate the rationale and the unique capability of the proposed model for the operation scheduling of ac/dc hybrid microgrids.

关键词： AC/DC hybrid microgrid energy storage loss optimal dispatch robust optimization uncertainty

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Influence of benzothiadiazole on isoprene metabolism and aroma accumulation in Chardonnay grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) during development

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EUROPEAN FOOD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2024年第6期250卷 1803-1814页

作者： Han, Yuqi Wang, Jianfeng Chen, Chunxia Guan, ruwen zhang, Yu Jiang, Yumei Gansu Agr Univ Coll Food Sci & Engn 1 Yingmencun Lanzhou 730070 Peoples R China

Chardonnay is a non-floral grape with economic value and nutritional properties that is widely grown in northwestern China. However, limited research has been conducted on exogenous spraying to regulate volatile compound metabolism (especially isoprene metabolism) in Chardonnay grapes. Benzothiadiazole (BTH) can induce disease resistance and augment the contents of phenolics and volatile compounds in grapes. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of BTH on the accumulation of isoprene aroma, carotenoid levels and the activity profiles of key enzymes. Chardonnay grapevines were treated with 0.37 mM BTH at veraison to investigate the impact on physicochemical parameters, carotenoids, metabolic enzyme activities, and free and bound isoprenoids in developing Chardonnay grapes. The results showed that reducing sugars, and total soluble solids of BTH-treated grapes increased, while the content of titratable acidity, beta-carotene, zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin, chlorophyll, and total carotenoids in treated ripe grapes decreased relative to control berries. BTH-treated ripe grapes exhibited elevated levels of bound norisoprenoids and three key enzemy activities (carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase, phytoene synthase, lycopene beta-cyclase), with a slight decrease in free norisoprenoids. Free and bound terpenoids profiles were also significantly enhanced by BTH treatment at veraison. Our findings offer novel perspectives into the modulation of isoprene biosynthesis in grape berries when exposed to BTH.

关键词： Benzothiadiazole Chardonnay Carotenoids Norisoprenoids Terpenoids

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Idle Duration Prediction for Manufacturing System Using a Gaussian Mixture Model Integrated Neural Network for Energy Efficiency Improvement

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021年第1期18卷 47-55页

作者： zhang, Yunchao Sun, Zeyi Qin, ruwen Xiong, Haoyi Missouri Univ Sci & Technol Dept Comp Sci Rolla MO 65409 USA Missouri Univ Sci & Technol Dept Engn Management & Syst Engn Rolla MO 65409 USA Baidu Inc Big Data Lab Beijing 100193 Peoples R China

Manufacturing activities dominate the energy consumption and greenhouse emissions of the industrial sector. With the increasing concerns of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and climate change in recent years, the significance of the performance in terms of sustainability of manufacturing has been gradually recognized by both academia and industry. Various researches have been implemented to analyze, model, and reduce the energy consumption of manufacturing activities toward sustainable manufacturing. In a typical manufacturing system with multiple machines and buffers, the state of a certain machine is not only determined by the machine itself, but also the states of the adjacent machines and buffers. Therefore, machines may be in idle states due to nonincoming part from the upstream section of the manufacturing system or noncapacity to hold the delivered part to the downstream section of the manufacturing system. Those idle machines consume energy without production if there is no appropriate energy control strategy. In this article, we focus on the reduction of the energy waste for those idle machines in a typical multi-machine and multi-buffer manufacturing system. A Gaussian mixture model (GMM) integrated neural network is proposed to predict the duration of the idle periods for the idle machines, during which optimal energy control action can be identified and implemented under the constraint of production throughput of the manufacturing system. A manufacturing system simulator is built to provide the training dataset including the information, such as production throughput, energy consumption, buffer content, and failure rate, to the proposed neural network. A numerical case study for a five-machine-and-four-buffer manufacturing system is conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed prediction model in terms of the energy waste reduction for the idle machines. Note to Practitioners-This article proposes a prediction model to forecast the idle duration

关键词： Energy control Gaussian mixture model (GMM) idle time prediction manufacturing system neural network

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Tuning the dimensions and structures of nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials derived from sacrificial g-C₃N₄/metal-organic frameworks for enhanced electrocatalytic oxygen reduction

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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A 2018年第14期6卷 5752-5761页

作者： Wang, ruwen Yan, Tingting Han, Lupeng Chen, Guorong Li, Hongrui zhang, Jianping Shi, Liyi zhang, Dengsong Shanghai Univ Sch Mat Sci & Engn Res Ctr Nano Sci & Technol Shanghai 200444 Peoples R China

Here we demonstrate a facile strategy for tuning the dimensions and structures of nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials via regulating the ratio of Co/Zn in zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) arrays in situ grown on g-C3N4 nanosheets, followed by a pyrolysis process. One-dimensional nitrogen-doped bamboo-like carbon nanotube encapsulated Co nanoparticle (Co/N-BCNTs), two-dimensional nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheet (N-CNS) and three-dimensional nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube framework encapsulated Co nanoparticle (Co/N-CNTFs) electrocatalysts are successfully fabricated from Zn/Co-ZIF@g-C3N4, ZIF-8@g-C3N4 (Co free) and ZIF-67@g-C3N4 (Zn free), respectively. The resulting Co/N-BCNTs electrocatalyst exhibits a better oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity than the other two catalysts, with a half-wave potential of 0.83 V (versus the reversible hydrogen electrode) in alkaline solutions, which is superior to that of a commercial Pt/C catalyst. More importantly, the Co/N-BCNTs show much higher stability and better methanol-tolerance than the Pt/C catalyst in a 0.1 M KOH solution. It has been demonstrated that the enhanced catalytic performance of Co/N-BCNTs is attributed to their suitable surface area, well-dispersed N dopants, and Co encapsulated inside carbon nanotubes. The presented strategy offers new prospects in developing highly active electrocatalysts.

关键词： Electrocatalysts

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Invisible surfaces enabled by the coalescence of anti-reflection and wavefront controllability in ultrathin metasurfaces

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NATURE COMMUNICATIONS 2021年第1期12卷 1-7页

作者： Chu, Hongchen zhang, Haoyang zhang, Yang Peng, ruwen Wang, Mu Hao, Yang Lai, Yun Nanjing Univ Natl Lab Solid State Microstruct Sch Phys Nanjing Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Microstruct Nanjing Peoples R China Queen Mary Univ London Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci London England

Reflection inherently occurs on the interfaces between different media. In order to perfectly manipulate waves on the interfaces, integration of antireflection function in metasurfaces is highly desired. In this work, we demonstrate an approach to realize exceptional metasurfaces that combine the two vital functionalities of antireflection and arbitrary phase manipulation in the deep subwavelength scale. Such ultrathin devices confer reflection-less transmission through impedance-mismatched interfaces with arbitrary wavefront shapes. Theoretically and experimentally, we demonstrate a three-layer antireflection metasurface that achieves an intriguing phenomenon: the simultaneous elimination of the reflection and refraction effects on a dielectric surface. Incident waves transmit straightly through the dielectric surface as if the surface turns invisible. We further demonstrate a wide variety of applications such as invisible curved surfaces, "cloaking" of dielectric objects, reflection-less negative refraction and flat axicons on dielectric-air interfaces, etc. The coalescence of antireflection and wavefront controllability in the deep subwavelength scale brings new opportunities for advanced interface optics with high efficiency and great flexibility. Though existing metamaterial antireflection coatings have been optimized in terms of thickness and functionality, these coatings do not provide phase control in the deep subwavelength scale. Here, the authors report multi-layered metasurfaces that provide both antireflection and phase control.

关键词： Metamaterials Sub-wavelength optics

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Synthesis, conformational analysis and biological evaluation of the lactam analogue of the cyclodepsipeptide apratoxin A

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TETRAHEDRON 2016年第27-28期72卷 3823-3831页

作者： Yin, ruwen zhang, Wei Liu, Guoyun Wu, Ping Lau, Choiwan Li, Yingxia Fudan Univ Sch Pharm 826 Zhangheng Rd Shanghai 201203 Peoples R China Liaoning Univ Tradit Chinese Med Sch Pharm Dalian 116600 Peoples R China

Apratoxin A, a cyclodepsipeptide isolated from a marine cyanobacterium, demonstrates potent cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines by a unique mechanism. A lactam analogue of apratoxin A, named as amidapratoxin A, was efficiently synthesized over 22 linear steps in 2.1% overall yield for the first time. The further conformation analysis was conducted by NMR techniques and computer-based molecular modeling. The results showed that the orientation of the benzene ring in tyrosine moiety, the iso-butyl in isoleucine moiety and hydroxyl group in Ahtmna moiety are quite different from that of apratoxin A, which might result in a significant decrease of the cytotoxicity. While further investigation is on the way, these results provide increased understanding of conformation-activity relationship for apratoxin family members which is an important complement to structure-activity relationship. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Apratoxin A Lactam analogue Conformation-activity relationship

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Economic viability and environmental impact investigation for the biofuel supply chain using co-fermentation technology

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APPLIED ENERGY 2020年第0期259卷 114235-000页

作者： Li, Yu Kesharwani, Rajkamal Sun, Zeyi Qin, ruwen Dagli, Cihan zhang, Meng Wang, Donghai Missouri Univ Sci & Technol Dept Engn Management & Syst Engn Rolla MO 65409 USA Mercyhurst Univ Walker Coll Business Erie PA 16546 USA Dept Ind & Mfg Syst Engn Manhattan KS 66506 USA Kansas State Univ Dept Biol & Agr Engn Manhattan KS 66506 USA

Co-fermentation of cellulosic biomass and grain to produce bioethanol has been proposed to integrate first- and second-generation biofuel production technologies. This method can relieve the food versus fuel competition due to the use of edible matter of crop in first-generation biofuel production. It can also boost the low ethanol concentration and thus reduce the unit production cost when using cellulosic biomass as well as green the energy footprints when preprocessing cellulosic biomass in second-generation biofuel production. In this paper, we examine the economic performance and environmental footprint of the biofuel supply chain using co-fermentation production technology. The cost and greenhouse gas emissions per unit bioethanol produced are quantified and compared to the performances of first- and second-generation biofuel production technologies. The mathematical models for the biofuel supply chain using three different biomass types are proposed. A numerical case study based on the State of Missouri in the United States is implemented. The results of the case study show that a co-fermentation based supply chain can effectively address the concern of food versus fuel competition of corn sourced supply chain and the issues of low sugar yield, high energy footprints, and high unit cost of corn stover sourced supply chain.

关键词： Co-fermentation Biofuel manufacturing Greenhouse gas emission Cost-effectiveness Supply chain

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Design of a Double Pulse Test Platform for Switching Devices 3

Design of a Double Pulse Test Platform for Switching Devices

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3rd IEEE China International Youth Conference on Electrical Engineering, CIYCEE 2022

作者： zhang, Qingfeng Wang, ruwen Chen, Yu Power Electronics and Energy Management Key Laboratory Ministry of Education of China China School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei 430074 China

ISBN: (数字)9781665477321

ISBN: (纸本)9781665477321

The performance of switching devices has a great impact on the operating frequency and loss of power electronic circuits. Therefore, the working characteristics of the device are needed to be tested by double pulse test. However, the traditional double pulse test circuit has some disadvantages, such as high requirements for power drive capability, high cost and poor safety. Therefore, referring to the working principle of the Marx impulse voltage generator, this paper designs a double pulse test circuit platform with low charging requirements, low cost and good security. This paper verifies the reliability of the test platform by testing a GaN switching devices. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： III-V semiconductors

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Flip-component metasurfaces for camouflaged meta-domes

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OPTICS EXPRESS 2022年第10期30卷 17321-17331页

作者： Chu, Hongchen zhang, Ye Ma, Xiaoxuan Xiong, Xiang Peng, ruwen Wang, Mu Lai, Yun Nanjing Univ Natl Lab Solid State Microstruct Sch Phys Nanjing 210093 Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Microstruct Nanjing 210093 Peoples R China Amer Phys Soc 1 Res Rd Ridge NY 11961 USA

Allowing microwaves to transmit through without changing the wavefront is one of the essential requirements of the dome structures of antenna arrays like radars. Here, we demonstrate a microwave metasurface as an array of two types of meta-atoms, which are the flip counterparts to each other. Due to the reciprocity and space-inversion symmetry, the wavefront in the transmission is unchanged by the metasurface in a broad spectrum;while at the same time, the wavefront in reflection can be manipulated independently by changing the arrangement of the meta-atoms. Specifically, a random-flip metasurface that produces diffuse reflection is realized, enabling a camouflaged meta-dome. The broadband, wide-angle, and polarization-independent diffuse reflection and undistorted transmission are numerically and experimentally verified. Our finding enables a unique meta-dome structure that has camouflage functionality. (C) 2022 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement

关键词： Antireflection coatings Invisibility cloaks Optical systems Phase shift Reflection Spatial resolution

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