A Sketch is an excellent probabilistic data structure, which records the approximate statistics of data streams. Linear additivity is an important property of sketches. This paper studies how to keep the linear proper...
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A Sketch is an excellent probabilistic data structure, which records the approximate statistics of data streams. Linear additivity is an important property of sketches. This paper studies how to keep the linear property after sketch compression. Most existing compression methods do not keep the linear property. We propose TreeSensing, an accurate, efficient, and flexible framework to linearly compress sketches. In TreeSensing, we first separate a sketch into two parts according to counter values. For the sketch with small counters, we propose a technique called TreeEncoding to compress it into a hierarchical structure. For the sketch with large counters, we propose a technique called SketchSensing to compress it using compressive sensing. We theoretically analyze the accuracy of TreeSensing. We use TreeSensing to compress 7 sketches and conduct two end-to-end experiments: distributed measurement and distributed machine learning. Experimental results show that TreeSensing outperforms prior art on both accuracy and efficiency, which achieves up to 100× smaller error and 5.1× higher speed than state-of-the-art Cluster-Reduce. All related codes are open-sourced.
Background: The level of hypertriglyceridaemia (HTG) at which the risk of acute pancreatitis (AP) increases and the impact of HTG on AP attributable to other aetiologies remains unclear. Methods: We compared clinical ...
Background: The level of hypertriglyceridaemia (HTG) at which the risk of acute pancreatitis (AP) increases and the impact of HTG on AP attributable to other aetiologies remains unclear. Methods: We compared clinical outcomes of patients admitted within 48 h of the onset of abdominal pain from a first episode of AP and admission serum triglyceride levels of either < 5.65 mmol/l (< 500 mg/dl) or >= 5.65 to <11.3 mmol/l (moderate HTG) or >= 11.3 mmol/l (>= 1000 mg/dl, severe HTG). Results: Among a cohort of 1,233 patients with AP there were significant progressive increases in all major deleterious clinical outcomes including mortality (all P-trend < 0.05) that were directly dependent on admission triglyceride levels. Outcomes were improved by earlier presentation (< 24 h compared to 24-48 h from abdominal pain onset). Patients with severe HTG and a concomitant aetiology (n = 68) had significantly more persistent organ failure, pancreatic necrosis and longer hospital stays (P < 0.05) than those with severe HTG alone (n = 206). Conclusions: There appears to be an association between HTG grade and the severity of AP. Severe HTG significantly increased the severity of AP, over AP attributable to other aetiologies. Moderate as well as severe HTG can be used as a criterion for the diagnosis of HTG-associated AP.
Clock synchronization is an essential but challenging task for internet of things (IoT) devices. The state-of-the-art data-driven Huygens solution cannot achieve accuracy for IoT networks, because the devices are usua...
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Clock synchronization is an essential but challenging task for internet of things (IoT) devices. The state-of-the-art data-driven Huygens solution cannot achieve accuracy for IoT networks, because the devices are usually weak in power to make massive timestamp probing for data-driven solutions. We propose the SSA clock synchronization scheme to improve the Huygens algorithm. First, SSA has a sliding window mechanism to accumulate data points for the data-driven support vector machine (SVM) algorithm in Huygens, which complements the issue of insufficient data points. Second, SSA applies a smoothing method to the periodical estimated clock offset and drift, which eliminates the noise introduced by the larger sliding window. Third, SSA makes an adaptive clock correction instead of the periodical correction in Huygens so as to avoid correcting the clock before the algorithm could stably estimate and smooth the clock offset and drift. We conduct extensive experiments on a real device (Huawei Sound X), and the results shows that our SSA can achieve synchronization accuracy of around 20 mu s in the actual working environment.
NOx after-treatment has greatly limited the development of lean-burn technology for gasoline engines. NH3-Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) technology has been successfully applied to NOx conversion in diesel engine...
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Background/Aims Hematocrit is a widely used biomarker to guide early fluid therapy for patients with acute pancreatitis (AP), but there is controversy over whether early rapid fluid therapy (ERFT) should be used in he...
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Background/Aims Hematocrit is a widely used biomarker to guide early fluid therapy for patients with acute pancreatitis (AP), but there is controversy over whether early rapid fluid therapy (ERFT) should be used in hemoconcentrated patients. This study investigated the association of hematocrit and ERFT with clinical outcomes of patients with AP. Methods Data from prospectively maintained AP database and retrospectively collected fluid management details were stratified according to actual severity defined by revised Atlanta classification. Hemoconcentration and "early" were defined as hematocrit > 44% and the first 6 h of general ward admission, respectively, and "rapid" fluid rate was defined as >= 3 ml/kg/h. Patients were allocated into 4 groups for comparisons: group A, hematocrit <= 44% and fluid rate < 3 ml/kg/h;group B, hematocrit <= 44% and fluid rate >= 3 ml/kg/h;group C, hematocrit > 44% and fluid rate < 3 ml/kg/h;and group D, hematocrit > 44% and fluid rate >= 3 ml/kg/h. Primary outcome was rate of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV). Results A total of 912 consecutive AP patients were analyzed. ERFT has no impact on clinical outcomes of hemoconcentrated, non-severe or all non-hemoconcentrated AP patients. In hemoconcentrated patients with severe AP (SAP), ERFT was accompanied with increased risk of NPPV (odds ratio 5.96, 95% CI 1.57-22.6). Multivariate regression analyses confirmed ERFT and hemoconcentration were significantly and independently associated with persistent organ failure and mortality in patients with SAP. Conclusions ERFT is associated with increased rate of NPPV in hemoconcentrated patients with SAP.
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