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Metabolic changes assessed by MRS accurately reflect brain function during drug-induced epilepsy in mice in contrast to fMRI-based hemodynamic readouts

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NEUROIMAGE 2015年 120卷 55-63页

作者： seuwen, aline Schroeter, Aileen Grandjean, Joanes Rudin, Markus Univ & ETH Zurich Inst Biomed Engn CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland Univ Zurich Inst Pharmacol & Toxicol CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland Univ & ETH Zurich Ctr Neurosci Res CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland EXCITE Zurich Expt & Clin Imaging Technol Zurich Switzerland

Functional protonmagnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-1-MRS) enables the non-invasive assessment of neural activity by measuring signals arising from endogenous metabolites in a time resolved manner. Proof-of-principle of this approach has been demonstrated in humans and rats;yet functional H-1-MRS has not been applied in mice so far, although it would be of considerable interest given the many genetically engineered models of neurological disorders established in this species only. Mouse H-1-MRS is challenging as the high demands on spatial resolution typically result in long data acquisition times not commensurable with functional studies. Here, we propose an approach based on spectroscopic imaging in combination with the acquisition of the free induction decay to maximize signal intensity. Highly resolved metabolite maps have been recorded from mouse brain with 12 min temporal resolution. This enabled monitoring of metabolic changes following the administration of bicuculline, a GABA-A receptor antagonist. Changes in levels of metabolites involved in energy metabolism (lactate and phosphocreatine) and neurotransmitters (glutamate) were investigated in a region-dependent manner and shown to scale with the bicuculline dose. GABAergic inhibition induced spectral changes characteristic for increased neurotransmitter turnover and oxidative stress. In contrast to metabolic readouts, BOLD and CBV fMRI responses did not scale with the bicuculline dose indicative of the failure of neurovascular coupling. Nevertheless fMRI measurements supported the notion of increased oxidative stress revealed by functional MRS. Hence, the combined analysis of metabolic and hemodynamic changes in response to stimulation provides complementary insight into processes associated with neural activity. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mouse Spectroscopic imaging Stimulation Bicuculline fMRI Metabolism

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Specificity of stimulus-evoked fMRI responses in the mouse: The influence of systemic physiological changes associated with innocuous stimulation under four different anesthetics

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NEUROIMAGE 2014年 94卷 372-384页

作者： Schroeter, Aileen Schlegel, Felix seuwen, aline Grandjean, Joanes Rudin, Markus Univ & ETH Zurich Inst Biomed Engn CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland Univ & ETH Zurich Neurosci Ctr Zurich CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland Univ Zurich Inst Pharmacol & Toxicol CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland

Functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) in mice has become an attractive tool for mechanistic studies, for characterizing models of human disease, and for evaluation of novel therapies. Yet, controlling the physiological state of mice is challenging, but nevertheless important as changes in cardiovascular parameters might affect the hemodynamic readout which constitutes the basics of the fMRI signal. In contrast to rats, fMRI studies in mice report less robust brain activation of rather widespread character to innocuous sensory stimulation. Anesthesia is known to influence the characteristics of the fMRI signal. To evaluate modulatory effects imposed by the anesthesia on stimulus-evoked fMRI responses, we compared blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) and cerebral blood volume (CBV) signal changes to electrical hindpaw stimulation using the four commonly used anesthetics isoflurane, medetomidine, propofol and urethane. fMRI measurements were complemented by assessing systemic physiological parameters throughout the experiment. Unilateral stimulation of the hindpaw elicited widespread fMRI responses in the mouse brain displaying a bilateral pattern irrespective of the anesthetic used. Analysis of magnitude and temporal profile of BOLD and CBV signals indicated anesthesia-specific modulation of cerebral hemodynamic responses and differences observed for the four anesthetics could be largely explained by their known effects on animal physiology. Strikingly, independent of the anesthetic used our results reveal that fMRI responses are influenced by stimulus-induced cardiovascular changes, which indicate an arousal response, even to innocuous stimulation. This may mask specific fMRI signal associated to the stimulus. Hence, studying the processing of peripheral input in mice using fMRI techniques constitutes a major challenge and adapted paradigms and/or alternative fMRI readouts should also be considered when studying sensory processing in mice. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. A

关键词： Mouse fMRI Anesthesia Stimulation Systemic physiological parameters Arousal

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In Vivo Imaging of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Regulation in a Subcutaneous and Orthotopic GL261 Glioma Tumor Model Using a Reporter Gene Assay

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MOLECULAR IMAGING 2014年第9期13卷 1-11页

作者： Buergi, Sandra seuwen, aline Keist, Ruth vom Berg, Johannes Grandjean, Joanes Rudin, Markus Univ Zurich Inst Biomed Engn CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland Univ Zurich Ctr Neurosci CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland ETH Zurich Switzerland Univ Zurich Inst Expt Immunol CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland Univ Zurich Inst Pharmacol & Toxicol CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland

Intratumoral hypoxia changes the metabolism of gliomas, leading to a more aggressive phenotype with increased resistance to radio-and chemotherapy. Hypoxia triggers a signaling cascade with hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) as a key regulator. We monitored activation of the HIF pathway longitudinally in murine glioma tumors. GL261 cells, stably transfected with a luciferase reporter driven under the control of a promoter comprising the HIF target gene motive hypoxia response element, were implanted either subcutaneously or orthotopically. In vivo experiments were carried out using bioluminescence imaging. Tumors were subsequently analyzed using immunofluorescence staining for hypoxia, endothelial cells, tumor perfusion, and glucose transporter expression. Transient upregulation of the HIF signaling was observed in both subcutaneous and orthotopic gliomas. Immunofluorescence staining confirmed hypoxic regions in subcutaneous and, to a lesser extent, intracranial tumors. Subcutaneous tumors showed substantial necrosis, which might contribute to the decreased bioluminescence output observed toward the end of the experiment. Orthotopic tumors were less hypoxic than subcutaneous ones and did not develop extensive necrotic areas. Although this may be the result of the overall smaller size of orthotopic tumors, it might also reflect differences in the local environment, such as the better intrinsic vascularization of brain tissue compared to the subcutaneous tissue compartment.

关键词： GLIOMAS -- Treatment HYPOXIA-inducible factors CANCER -- Imaging CHEMOTHERAPY (Cancer) BIOLUMINESCENCE

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Functional MRI to assess alterations of functional networks in response to pharmacological or genetic manipulations of the serotonergic system in mice

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NEUROIMAGE 2013年 74卷 326-336页

作者： Razoux, Florence Baltes, Christof Mueggler, Thomas seuwen, aline Russig, Holger Mansuy, Isabelle Rudin, Markus Univ Zurich Inst Biomed Engn Zurich Switzerland ETH Zurich Switzerland Univ Zurich Brain Res Inst Zurich Switzerland Univ Zurich Inst Pharmacol & Toxicol Zurich Switzerland Univ Zurich Ctr Neurosci Zurich Switzerland

Imaging methods that enable the investigation of functional networks both in human and animal brain provide important insights into mechanisms underlying pathologies including psychiatric disorders. Since the serotonergic receptor 1A (5-HT1A-R) has been strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of depressive and anxiety disorders, as well as in the action of antidepressant drugs, we investigated brain connectivity related to the 5-HT1A-R system by use of pharmacological functional magnetic resonance imaging in mice. We characterized functional connectivity elicited by activation of 5-HT1A-R and investigated how pharmacological and genetic manipulations of its function may modulate the evoked connectivity. Functional connectivity elicited by administration of the 5-HT1A-R agonist 8-OH-DPAT can be described by networks characterized by small-world attributes with nodes displaying highly concerted response patterns. Circuits identified comprised the brain structures known to be involved in stress-related disorders (e.g. prefrontal cortex, amygdala and hippocampus). The results also highlight the dorsomedial thalamus, a structure associated with fear processing, as a hub of the 5-HT1A-R functional network. Administration of a specific 5-HT1A-R antagonist or use of heterozygous 5-HT1A-R knockout mice significantly reduced functional connectivity elicited by 8-OH-DPAT. Whole brain functional connectivity analysis constitutes an attractive tool to characterize impairments in neurotransmission and the efficacy of pharmacological treatment in a comprehensive manner. (c) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： 5-HT1A-R Serotonergic receptor 1A AMG Amygdala BGA Basal ganglia CBV Cerebral blood volume CC Cross-correlation CCX Cingulate cortex CPU Caudate putamen CX Cortex DG Dentate gyrus dmTH Dorsomedial thalamus DRN Dorsal raphe nuclei EEG Electroencephalogram FC Functional connectivity fMRI Functional magnetic resonance imaging HC Hippocampus HT Hypothalamus KO Knock-out NAC Nucleus accumbens PAG Periaqueductal gray PET Positron emission tomography phMRI Pharmacological fMRI ROI Region-of-interest SCX Somatosensory cortex SEPT Medial septal nuclei SMS Somatosensory cortex TH Thalamus V+ACX Visual and auditory cortices Wt Wild-type

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Chronic psychosocial stress in mice leads to changes in brain functional connectivity and metabolite levels comparable to human depression

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NEUROIMAGE 2016年 142卷 544-552页

作者： Grandjean, Joanes Azzinnari, Damiano seuwen, aline Sigrist, Hannes Seifritz, Erich Pryce, Christopher R. Rudin, Markus Univ Zurich Inst Biomed Engn AIC ETH HCI D426Vladimir Prelog Weg 4 CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland Swiss Fed Inst Technol AIC ETH HCI D426Vladimir Prelog Weg 4 CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland Univ Zurich Hosp Psychiat DPPP Preclin Lab Translat Res Affect Disorders August Forel Str 7 CH-8008 Zurich Switzerland Univ Zurich Hosp Psychiat DPPP Lenggstr 31 CH-8032 Zurich Switzerland Univ Zurich Neurosci Ctr Zurich CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland Swiss Fed Inst Technol CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland Univ Zurich Inst Pharmacol & Toxicol CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland

Human depression, for which chronic psychosocial stress is a major risk factor, is characterized by consistent alterations in neurocircuitry. For example, there is increased functional connectivity (FC) within and between regions comprising the default mode network (DMN) including prefrontal cortex and cingulate cortex. Alterations in network FC are associated with specific aspects of psychopathology. In mice, chronic psychosocial stress (CPS) leads to depression-relevant behavior, including increased fear learning, learned helplessness, fatigue and decreased motivation for reward. Using multimodal in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS), we investigated CPS effects on function and structure in the mouse brain under light anesthesia. Mice underwent a baseline MRI/MRS session, followed by 15-day CPS (n = 26) or control handling (n= 27), and a post-treatment MRI/MRS session. In BOLD fMRI, relative to controls, CPS mice exhibited robust, reproducible increases in FC within 8 of 9 identified cortical networks, including the prefrontal and cingulate cortices that contribute to the "mouse DMN". CPS mice exhibited increases in between-network FC, including amygdala -prefrontal cortex and amygdala - cingulate cortex. MRS identified metabolic alterations in CPS mice as increased inositol levels in amygdala and increased glycerophosphorylcholine levels in prefrontal cortex. Diffusion-weighted MRI detected increased fractional anisotropic values in the cingulum. This study demonstrates that chronic psychosocial stress induces FC states in the mouse brain analogous to those observed in depression, as well as cerebral metabolism and white matter pathway alterations that contribute to understanding of pathological processes. It also demonstrates the importance of brain imaging to the establishment of valid animal models in translational psychiatry. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： STRESS (Psychology) PSYCHOSOCIAL factors BRAIN physiology MENTAL depression NEURAL circuitry BRAIN metabolism

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Quantitative assessment of microvasculopathy in arcA mice with USPIO-enhanced gradient echo MRI

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JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM 2016年第9期36卷 1614-1624页

作者： Klohs, Jan Deistung, Andreas Ielacqua, Giovanna D. seuwen, aline Kindler, Diana Schweser, Ferdinand Vaas, Markus Kipar, Anja Reichenbach, Juergen R. Rudin, Markus ETH Inst Biomed Engn Zurich Switzerland Univ Zurich Zurich Switzerland Univ Zurich Neurosci Ctr Zurich Zurich Switzerland ETH AIC ETH HCI D426 Vladimir Prelog Weg 4 CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland Univ Jena Jena Univ Hosp Med Phys Grp Inst Diagnost & Intervent Radiol Jena Germany SUNY Buffalo Buffalo Neuroimaging Anal Ctr Dept Neurol Sch Med & Biomed Sci Buffalo NY USA SUNY Buffalo MRI Clin & Translat Res Ctr Sch Med & Biomed Sci Buffalo NY USA Univ Zurich Lab Anim Model Pathol Inst Vet Pathol Vetsuisse Fac Zurich Switzerland Univ Jena Abbe Sch Photon Jena Germany Univ Jena Ctr Med Opt & Photon Jena Germany Univ Jena Michael Stifel Ctr Data Driven & Simulat Sci Jena Jena Germany Univ Zurich Inst Pharmacol & Toxicol Zurich Switzerland

Magnetic resonance imaging employing administration of iron oxide-based contrast agents is widely used to visualize cellular and molecular processes invivo. In this study, we investigated the ability of R2 and quantitative susceptibility mapping to quantitatively assess the accumulation of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) particles in the arcA mouse model of cerebral amyloidosis. Gradient-echo data of mouse brains were acquired at 9.4T after injection of USPIO. Focal areas with increased magnetic susceptibility and R2 values were discernible across several brain regions in 12-month-old arcA compared to 6-month-old arcA mice and to non-transgenic littermates, indicating accumulation of particles after USPIO injection. This was concomitant with higher R2 and increased magnetic susceptibility differences relative to cerebrospinal fluid measured in USPIO-injected compared to non-USPIO-injected 12-month-old arcA mice. No differences in R2 and magnetic susceptibility were detected in USPIO-injected compared to non-injected 12-month-old non-transgenic littermates. Histological analysis confirmed focal uptake of USPIO particles in perivascular macrophages adjacent to small caliber cerebral vessels with radii of 2-8 mu m that showed no cerebral amyloid angiopathy. USPIO-enhanced R2 and quantitative susceptibility mapping constitute quantitative tools to monitor such functional microvasculopathies.

关键词： Cerebral amyloid angiopathy effective transverse relaxation time magnetic susceptibility quantitative susceptibility mapping superparamagnetic iron oxide particles perivascular macrophages P904

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Functional spectroscopic imaging reveals specificity of glutamate response in mouse brain to peripheral sensory stimulation

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SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 2019年第1期9卷 10563-10563页

作者： seuwen, aline Schroeter, Aileen Grandjean, Joanes Schlegel, Felix Rudin, Markus Univ Zurich Inst Biomed Engn Wolfgang Paul & Str 27 CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland Swiss Fed Inst Technol Wolfgang Paul & Str 27 CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland Univ Zurich Neurosci Ctr Zurich Winterthurer Str 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland Swiss Fed Inst Technol Winterthurer Str 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland Agcy Sci Technol & Res Singapore BioImaging Consortium 11 Biopolis Way Singapore 138667 Singapore Univ Zurich Inst Pharmacol & Toxicol Winterthurer Str 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland

Non-invasive investigation of physiological changes and metabolic events associated with brain activity in mice constitutes a major challenge. Conventionally, fMRI assesses neuronal activity by evaluating activity-evoked local changes in blood oxygenation levels (BOLD). In isoflurane-anaethetized mice, however, we found that BOLD signal changes during paw stimulation appear to be dominated by arousal responses even when using innocuous stimuli. Widespread responses involving both hemispheres have been observed in response to unilateral stimulation. MRS allows probing metabolic changes associated with neuronal activation and provides a complementary readout to BOLD fMRI for investigating brain activity. In this study we evaluated the sensitivity of a free induction decay (FID) based spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) protocol for the measurement of alterations in glutamate levels elicited by unilateral electrical paw stimulation at different current amplitudes. Coronal MRSI maps of glutamate distribution with 17 x 17 voxels of 1 mu l volume have been recorded with a temporal resolution of 12 min. Significant region-specific increases in glutamate levels have been observed in the contralateral but not in the ispiateral S1 somatosensory cortex upon stimulation. The amplitude of glutamate changes increased in a dose-dependent manner with the stimulus amplitude. The study demonstrates feasibility of functional MRSI in mice for studying activity-evoked glutamate changes in a temporo-spatially resolved manner.

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A consensus protocol for functional connectivity analysis in the rat brain (vol 26, pg 673, 2023)

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NATURE NEUROSCIENCE 2023年第6期26卷 1127-1128页

作者： Grandjean, Joanes Desrosiers-Gregoire, Gabriel Anckaerts, Cynthia Angeles-Valdez, Diego Ayad, Fadi Barriere, David A. Blockx, Ines Bortel, Aleksandra Broadwater, Margaret Cardoso, Beatriz M. Celestine, Marina Chavez-Negrete, Jorge E. Choi, Sangcheon Christiaen, Emma Clavijo, Perrin Colon-Perez, Luis Cramer, Samuel Daniele, Tolomeo Dempsey, Elaine Diao, Yujian Doelemeyer, Arno Dopfel, David Dvorakova, Lenka Falfan-Melgoza, Claudia Fernandes, Francisca F. Fowler, Caitlin F. Fuentes-Ibanez, Antonio Garin, Clement M. Gelderman, Eveline Golden, Carla E. M. Guo, Chao C. G. Henckens, Marloes J. A. G. Hennessy, Lauren A. Herman, Peter Hofwijks, Nita Horien, Corey Ionescu, Tudor M. Jones, Jolyon Kaesser, Johannes Kim, Eugene Lambers, Henriette Lazari, Alberto Lee, Sung-Ho Lillywhite, Amanda Liu, Yikang Liu, Yanyan Y. Lopez-Castro, Alejandra Lopez-Gil, Xavier Ma, Zilu MacNicol, Eilidh Madularu, Dan Mandino, Francesca Marciano, Sabina McAuslan, Matthew J. McCunn, Patrick McIntosh, Alison Meng, Xianzong Meyer-Baese, Lisa Missault, Stephan Moro, Federico Naessens, Daphne M. P. Nava-Gomez, Laura J. Nonaka, Hiroi Ortiz, Juan J. Paasonen, Jaakko Peeters, Lore M. Pereira, Mickael Perez, Pablo D. Pompilus, Marjory Prior, Malcolm Rakhmatullin, Rustam Reimann, Henning M. Reinwald, Jonathan Del Rio, Rodrigo Triana Rivera-Olvera, Alejandro Ruiz-Perez, Daniel Russo, Gabriele Rutten, Tobias J. Ryoke, Rie Sack, Markus Salvan, Piergiorgio Sanganahalli, Basavaraju G. Schroeter, Aileen Seewoo, Bhedita J. Selingue, Erwan seuwen, aline Shi, Bowen Sirmpilatze, Nikoloz Smith, Joanna A. B. Smith, Corrie Sobczak, Filip Stenroos, Petteri J. Straathof, Milou Strobelt, Sandra Sumiyoshi, Akira Takahashi, Kengo Torres-Garcia, Maria E. Tudela, Raul van den Berg, Monica van der Marel, Kajo van Hout, Aran T. B. Vertullo, Roberta Vidal, Benjamin Vrooman, Roel M. Wang, Victora X. Wank, Isabel Watson, David J. G. Yin, Ting Zhang, Yongzhi Zurbruegg, Stefan Achard, Sophie Alcauter, Sarael Auer, Dorothee P. Barbier, Emmanuel L. Baudewig, Juergen Beckmann, Chri Donders Institute for Brain Behaviour and Cognition Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands Department for Medical Imaging Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands Cerebral Imaging Centre Douglas Mental Health University Institute Verdun QC Canada Integrated Program in Neuroscience McGill University Montreal QC Canada Bio-imaging Lab University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium µNEURO Research Centre of Excellence University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium Instituto de Neurobiología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Campus Juriquilla Querétaro Mexico Biological and Biomedical Engineering McGill University Montreal QC Canada McConnell Brain Imaging Centre McGill University Montreal QC Canada Montreal Neurological Institute McGill University Montreal QC Canada UMR INRAE/CNRS 7247 Physiologie des Comportements et de la Reproduction Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements Centre de recherche INRAE de Nouzilly Tours France Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery McGill University Montreal QC Canada Center for Animal MRI University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA Department of Neurology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA Biomedical Research Imaging Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA Preclinical MRI Champalimaud Research Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown Lisbon Portugal Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen) Université Paris-Saclay Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA) CNRS Fontenay-aux-Roses France Departamento de Neurobiología Conductual y Cognitiva Instituto de Neurobiología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Campus Juriquilla Querétaro México Translational Neuroimaging and Neural Control Group High-Field Magnetic Resonance Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tuebingen Germany Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience International Max

Task-free functional connectivity in animal models provides an experimental framework to examine connectivity phenomena under controlled conditions and allows for comparisons with data modalities collected under invasive or terminal procedures. Currently, animal acquisitions are performed with varying protocols and analyses that hamper result comparison and integration. Here we introduce StandardRat, a consensus rat functional magnetic resonance imaging acquisition protocol tested across 20 centers. To develop this protocol with optimized acquisition and processing parameters, we initially aggregated 65 functional imaging datasets acquired from rats across 46 centers. We developed a reproducible pipeline for analyzing rat data acquired with diverse protocols and determined experimental and processing parameters associated with the robust detection of functional connectivity across centers. We show that the standardized protocol enhances biologically plausible functional connectivity patterns relative to previous acquisitions. The protocol and processing pipeline described here is openly shared with the neuroimaging community to promote interoperability and cooperation toward tackling the most important challenges in neuroscience.

关键词： Databases Neural circuits

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Author Correction: A consensus protocol for functional connectivity analysis in the rat brain

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Nature neuroscience 2023年第6期26卷 2023 Apr 18页

作者： Joanes Grandjean Gabriel Desrosiers-Gregoire Cynthia Anckaerts Diego Angeles-Valdez Fadi Ayad David A Barrière Ines Blockx Aleksandra Bortel Margaret Broadwater Beatriz M Cardoso Marina Célestine Jorge E Chavez-Negrete Sangcheon Choi Emma Christiaen Perrin Clavijo Luis Colon-Perez Samuel Cramer Tolomeo Daniele Elaine Dempsey Yujian Diao Arno Doelemeyer David Dopfel Lenka Dvořáková Claudia Falfán-Melgoza Francisca F Fernandes Caitlin F Fowler Antonio Fuentes-Ibañez Clément M Garin Eveline Gelderman Carla E M Golden Chao C G Guo Marloes J A G Henckens Lauren A Hennessy Peter Herman Nita Hofwijks Corey Horien Tudor M Ionescu Jolyon Jones Johannes Kaesser Eugene Kim Henriette Lambers Alberto Lazari Sung-Ho Lee Amanda Lillywhite Yikang Liu Yanyan Y Liu Alejandra López-Castro Xavier López-Gil Zilu Ma Eilidh MacNicol Dan Madularu Francesca Mandino Sabina Marciano Matthew J McAuslan Patrick McCunn Alison McIntosh Xianzong Meng Lisa Meyer-Baese Stephan Missault Federico Moro Daphne M P Naessens Laura J Nava-Gomez Hiroi Nonaka Juan J Ortiz Jaakko Paasonen Lore M Peeters Mickaël Pereira Pablo D Perez Marjory Pompilus Malcolm Prior Rustam Rakhmatullin Henning M Reimann Jonathan Reinwald Rodrigo Triana Del Rio Alejandro Rivera-Olvera Daniel Ruiz-Pérez Gabriele Russo Tobias J Rutten Rie Ryoke Markus Sack Piergiorgio Salvan Basavaraju G Sanganahalli Aileen Schroeter Bhedita J Seewoo Erwan Selingue aline seuwen Bowen Shi Nikoloz Sirmpilatze Joanna A B Smith Corrie Smith Filip Sobczak Petteri J Stenroos Milou Straathof Sandra Strobelt Akira Sumiyoshi Kengo Takahashi Maria E Torres-García Raul Tudela Monica van den Berg Kajo van der Marel Aran T B van Hout Roberta Vertullo Benjamin Vidal Roël M Vrooman Victora X Wang Isabel Wank David J G Watson Ting Yin Yongzhi Zhang Stefan Zurbruegg Sophie Achard Sarael Alcauter Dorothee P Auer Emmanuel L Barbier Jürgen Baudewig Christian F Beckmann Nicolau Beckmann Guillaume J P C Becq Erwin L A Blezer Radu Bolbos Susann Boretius Sandrine Bouvard Eike Budinger Joseph D Buxbaum Diana Cash Victor Donders Institute for Brain Behaviour and Cognition Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands. joanes.grandjean@radboudumc.nl. Department for Medical Imaging Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands. joanes.grandjean@radboudumc.nl. Cerebral Imaging Centre Douglas Mental Health University Institute Verdun QC Canada. Integrated Program in Neuroscience McGill University Montreal QC Canada. Bio-imaging Lab University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium. µNEURO Research Centre of Excellence University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium. Instituto de Neurobiología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Campus Juriquilla Querétaro Mexico. Biological and Biomedical Engineering McGill University Montreal QC Canada. McConnell Brain Imaging Centre McGill University Montreal QC Canada. Montreal Neurological Institute McGill University Montreal QC Canada. UMR INRAE/CNRS 7247 Physiologie des Comportements et de la Reproduction Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements Centre de recherche INRAE de Nouzilly Tours France. Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery McGill University Montreal QC Canada. Center for Animal MRI University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA. Department of Neurology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA. Biomedical Research Imaging Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA. Preclinical MRI Champalimaud Research Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown Lisbon Portugal. Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen) Université Paris-Saclay Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA) CNRS Fontenay-aux-Roses France. Departamento de Neurobiología Conductual y Cognitiva Instituto de Neurobiología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Campus Juriquilla Querétaro México. Translational Neuroimaging and Neural Control Group High-Field Magnetic Resonance Max Planck Institute for Biological Cyberneti

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