Seahorse is characterized by its male pregnancy and sex-role reversal. To better understand the sexual dimorphism of male and female seahorses based on essential genes, we performed systematic transcriptome studies fo...
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Seahorse is characterized by its male pregnancy and sex-role reversal. To better understand the sexual dimorphism of male and female seahorses based on essential genes, we performed systematic transcriptome studies for both genders. A total of 157,834,590 cleaned reads were obtained and assembled into 129,268 transcripts and 31,764 could be annotated. Results showed that 176 up-regulated and 391 down-regulated transcripts were identified in the male seahorses compared with those in females. Genes involved in sex differentiation, such as dmrt1, sox9, fem1 and vasa, were identified and characterized. Moreover, the essential genes involved in reproductive molecular pathway were identified and analyzed in seahorses. In conclusion, the present study provides an archive for the future systematic research on seahorse sex differentiation.
During ongoing presynaptic action potential (AP) firing, transmitter release is limited by the availability of release-ready synaptic vesicles (SVs). The rate of SV recruitment (SVR) to release sites is strongly upreg...
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During ongoing presynaptic action potential (AP) firing, transmitter release is limited by the availability of release-ready synaptic vesicles (SVs). The rate of SV recruitment (SVR) to release sites is strongly upregulated at high AP frequencies to balance SV consumption. We show that Munc13-1-an essential SV priming protein-regulates SVR via a Ca2+-phospholipid-dependent mechanism. Using knockin mouse lines with point mutations in the Ca2+-phospholipid-binding C2B domain of Munc13-1, we demonstrate that abolishing Ca2+ -phospholipid binding increases synaptic depression, slows recovery of synaptic strength after SV pool depletion, and reduces temporal fidelity of synaptic transmission, while increased Ca2+-phospholipid binding has the opposite effects. Thus, Ca2+ -phospholipid binding to the Munc13-1-C2B domain accelerates SVR, reduces short-term synaptic depression, and increases the endurance and temporal fidelity of neurotransmission, demonstrating that Munc13-1 is a core vesicle priming hub that adjusts SV re-supply to demand.
Rituximab is a mouse and human chimeric CD20 (anti-B cell) specific monoclonal antibody that has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of lymphoma. The expression of CD20 antigen is ...
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Rituximab is a mouse and human chimeric CD20 (anti-B cell) specific monoclonal antibody that has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of lymphoma. The expression of CD20 antigen is expressed in the whole ontogeny of B cells, starting from the premature B cells in bone marrow to the differentiation of plasma cells in secondary lymphoid tissues. The wide distribution of CD20 molecules allows rituximab to eliminate a large number of B cells. Rituximab is the core drug for the treatment of hematological diseases, often combined with drugs as a first-line treatment. Long-term hormone therapy often results in serious adverse reactions, and new therapies, which can avoid widespread immunotoxicity, have great potential for treating diseases of the blood system.
Anti-Stokes photoluminescence(ASPL)in low-dimensional van der Waals(vdW)layered materials is becoming increasingly attractive for its potential in advanced applications such as optical cooling,sub-energy band detectio...
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Anti-Stokes photoluminescence(ASPL)in low-dimensional van der Waals(vdW)layered materials is becoming increasingly attractive for its potential in advanced applications such as optical cooling,sub-energy band detection and optoelectronic *** transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs),among the most studied vdW semiconductors for ASPL,exhibit a direct bandgap exclusively in their monolayer *** characteristic results in a short light-matter interaction distance and thus low ASPL emission efficiency,which seriously impedes the advancement of ASPL in vdW layered *** contrast,transition metal halide lead iodide(PbI_(2)),a vdW semiconductor with a direct bandgap in a wide range of thicknesses(⩾3 layers)superior to TMDCs,has shown promise for ***,the reported ASPL emission efficiency of PbI_(2) is notably ***,scant research has focused on the rich ASPL emission states in PbI_(2),particularly concerning the assignment of these emission ***,through a designed thickness selection,we observed more detailed ASPL emissions in submicrometer-thick PbI_(2) at room temperature,in addition to a series of previously unreported ASPL emission peaks that emerge at low ***,the low-temperature ASPL of PbI_(2) exhibits an approximate 1000-fold enhancement compared to that observed at room *** significant enhancement is attributed to the transition from phonon-assisted one-photon absorption to two-step photon absorption induced by resonance absorption effect,as well as substantially reduced nonradiative decays at low *** findings enhance the comprehensive understanding of ASPL in PbI_(2),holding great significance for the development of ASPL applications.
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