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Rapid analysis of packed pebble beds for thermal-hydraulic characteristics via reduced order models

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE 2023年第1期280卷

作者： Yu, shuwen Zhang, Zhenze peng, Changhong Bai, Tianze Univ Sci & Technol China Sch Nucl Sci & Technol 96 Jinzhai Rd Hefei 230026 Peoples R China

In recent years, the pebble bed module has garnered increased attention due to its inherent safety and versatile applications, particularly in the form of High-Temperature Gas-Cooled reactors and fusion tritium breeding blankets. Understanding the thermal-hydraulic characteristics within the pebble bed is crucial for the safety evaluation and design of such reactors. To study pore flow in the pebble bed, discrete element coupling methods and computational fluid dynamics (DEM-CFD) are commonly employed. However, simulating thousands of pebbles can be computationally intensive and time-consuming. To address this, reduced order models (ROMs) have been developed to reduce the computational complexity by employing simplified systems instead of the original complex system, thereby significantly saving computational time while maintaining accuracy. In this work, ROMs have been established for body-centered cubic packing, face-centered cubic packing, and randomly packed beds of pebbles. Using the ROM results, subsequent analysis focused on two important thermal-hydraulic characteristics: pressure and effective thermal conductivity. A comparison was made between the results ob-tained from the full-order model (FOM) using CFD and the reconstructed ROM results. The case studies demonstrate the potential of the proposed approach in rapidly and accurately investigating significant flow and heat transfer features, such as pressure and temperature.

关键词： Pebble bed Reduced order model DEM-CFD Effective thermal effective Helium

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Fatty acid and triglyceride molecular species of milk fat fractionated by short-path molecular distillation

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023年第7期58卷 3742-3751页

作者： Zhu, Huiquan Wang, Xiaodan Zhang, Wenyuan Zhang, Yumeng Gao, Xixi Wang, Yunna Gao, peng Pang, Xiaoyang Zhang, shuwen Lv, Jiaping Chinese Acad Agr Sci Inst Food Sci & Technol Beijing 100193 Peoples R China Univ Liege Lab Chem Nat Mol Gembloux Agrobio Tech B-5030 Gembloux Belgium Wageningen Univ & Res Dept Anim Sci Adaptat Physiol Grp Wageningen Netherlands Wageningen Univ & Res Lab Biochem Wageningen Netherlands

Fractionation is important for the application of milk fat (MF). In this study, the contents of fatty acid (FA) and triglyceride (TAG) of MF and its fractions distilled by short-path molecular distillation (SPMD) were detected. The results showed that a total of 19 FAs and 109 TAG molecular species were detected. Moreover, the short-chain saturated FA, medium-chain saturated FA, low-molecular-weight TAG, medium-molecular-weight TAG, S-3 (TAG molecular species with three saturated FAs) and L2S (TAG molecular species with two long-chain FAs and one short-chain FA) were easily accumulated in the distillate, and the percentage of these components all increased first and then decreased during the whole distilling process. Compared with the distillate, polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) and high-molecular-weight TAG (HMW-TAG, with the carbon numbers: 41-54 and molecular weight: 704-888) were enriched in the residue, and the increasing ratio of PUFA and HMW-TAG was 393.75% and 8.58% respectively. Further analysis showed that the 16:0/4:0/16:0, 16:0/4:0/14:0, 16:0/12:0/4:0, etc. were the discrepant TAG molecular species during SPMD. Therefore, these results demonstrated that different fractions of MF could be obtained by adjusting the fractionation temperature, and it also would provide more important theoretical guidance for regulating MF fractionation, enriching the nutritional information of MF fractions.

关键词： Fatty acid Molecular species Short-path molecular distillation Triglyceride

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High Figure of Merit Refractive Index Sensor Derived From the Axial Length Ratio of Elliptically Polarized Light of Chiral Plasmonic Structure Arrays

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PLASMONICS 2023年第6期18卷 2365-2373页

作者： Zhu, Xupeng Shi, Huimin Zhang, Shi Zheng, Mengjie Dai, peng Huang, Ruomeng Liao, Jun Xue, shuwen Zhang, Jun Lingnan Normal Univ Sch Phys Sci & Technol Zhanjiang 524048 Peoples R China Northwest Normal Univ Coll Phys & Elect Engn Lanzhou 730070 Peoples R China Songshan Lake Mat Lab Dongguan 523808 Peoples R China Jihua Lab Foshan 528000 Peoples R China Univ Southampton Sch Elect & Comp Sci Univ Rd Southampton SO17 1BJ England

The refractive index sensor based on the Fano resonance effect (that is, Fano sensor) is one promising branch of plasmonic sensing applications owing to its narrow spectral line shape. Further improvement in the sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM) is the main issue in this field. In contrast to the Fano sensor, herein, we report a novel ultra-sensitive refractive index sensor based on the axial length ratio of transmitted elliptically polarized light of chiral plasmonic structure arrays (that is, ratio sensor). Compared with the optimized Fano sensor in the same asymmetric chiral plasmonic structure arrays, the proposed ratio sensor shows a better sensitivity performance of 556.9 nm/RIU, that is, 1.31 times higher than that of the optimized Fano sensor. Specifically, the quality factor of the spectral line shape and FOM of the proposed ratio sensor reach 121.6 and 60, respectively, that are 2.14 and 2.92 times higher than those of the optimized Fano sensor, respectively. Our study proposes a potential path to achieve high-quality ultra-sensitive refractive index sensing.

关键词： Chiral plasmonics Fano resonance Elliptically polarized light Axial length ratio Refractive index sensor

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An empirical study of untangling patterns of two-class dependency cycles

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EMPIRICAL SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2024年第2期29卷 56-56页

作者： Feng, Qiong Liu, shuwen Ji, Huan Ma, Xiaotian Liang, peng Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol Sch Comp Sci Nanjing Peoples R China Wuhan Univ Sch Comp Sci Wuhan Peoples R China

Dependency cycles pose a significant challenge to software quality and maintainability. However, there is limited understanding of how practitioners resolve dependency cycles in real-world scenarios. This paper presents an empirical study investigating the recurring patterns employed by software developers to resolve dependency cycles between two classes in practice. We analyzed the data from 38 open-source projects across different domains and manually inspected hundreds of cycle untangling cases. Our findings reveal that developers tend to employ five recurring patterns to address dependency cycles. The chosen patterns are not only determined by dependency relations between cyclic classes, but also highly related to their design context, i.e., how cyclic classes depend on or are depended by their neighbor classes. Through this empirical study, we also discovered three common counterintuitive solutions developers usually adopted during cycles' handling. These recurring patterns and common counterintuitive solutions observed in dependency cycles' practice can serve as a taxonomy to improve developers' awareness and also be used as learning materials for students in software engineering and inexperienced developers. Our results also suggest that, in addition to considering the internal structure of dependency cycles, automatic tools need to consider the design context of cycles to provide better support for refactoring dependency cycles.

关键词： Dependency cycle Untangling pattern Counterintuitive in refactoring cycles

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Plasma long noncoding RNAs lncDC and THRIL as potential diagnostic markers of adult primary immune thrombocytopenia

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LABORATORY HEMATOLOGY 2023年第4期45卷 481-488页

作者： Jiang, Nan Wang, Yin Feng, Qi Wang, shuwen Leng, Shaoqiu Zhang, Xiaoyu Liu, Qiang peng, Jun Li, Xin Shandong Univ Dept Hematol Qilu Hosp 107 West Wenhua Rd Jinan 250012 Shandong Peoples R China Shandong Univ Cheeloo Coll Med Jinan Peoples R China Qilu Hosp Shandong Univ Shandong Prov Key Lab Immunohematol Jinan Shandong Peoples R China

Introduction: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a common acquired hemorrhagic disease without "gold standard" for the diagnosis, long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) can participate in regulating gene expression through various mechanisms and may play a role in immune intolerance in ITP. Several previous studies have confirmed that lncRNA lncDC and THRIL are involved in the development of autoimmune diseases. This study investigates the relationship between expression levels of two plasma lncRNAs (lncDC and THRIL) and clinical characteristics of adult primary ITP patients, ascertain their potential applications as diagnostic markers of ITP. Methods: We recruited 102 subjects, including 41 ITP patients, 41 healthy controls (HCs) and 20 patients under myelosuppression phase after chemotherapy (MS). qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of two lncRNAs in the peripheral blood plasma of the three groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to test the diagnostic efficacy of lncDC and THRIL in ITP. Results: The expression level of lncDC was downregulated in ITP patients compared with HCs (p = . 012) and MS (p = .035), whereas THRIL was significantly upregulated (p = .0005, p < . 0001). We further revealed that lncDC has a high sensitivity (78. 05%), while THRIL has a high specificity (97. 56%). The area under the curve (AUC) (0.869, 95% CI: 0.795-0.943, p < .0001) of the ROC curve for this combina-tion increased significantly. Conclusions: THRIL and lncDC expression levels were changed in adult ITP patients. The lncRNAs lncDC and THRIL can serve as potential diagnostic markers for adult primary ITP.

关键词： bleeding disorder immune thrombocytopaenia lncDC long non-coding RNA THRIL

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Integrated "Two-in-One" Strategy for High-Rate Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Formate

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ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION 2024年第3期64卷 e202415726页

作者： Lei, peng-Xia Liu, Shao-Qing Wen, Qi-Rui Wu, Jia-Yi Wu, shuwen Wei, Xiaoxiao Feng, Renfei Fu, Xian-Zhu Luo, Jing-Li Shenzhen Univ Guangdong Res Ctr Interfacial Engn Funct Mat Guangdong Prov Key Lab New Energy Mat Serv Safety Coll Mat Sci & EngnShenzhen Key Lab Energy Electr Shenzhen 518060 Peoples R China Univ Toronto Dept Mat Sci & Engn 184 Coll St Toronto ON M5S 3E4 Canada Canadian Light Source Inc 44 Innovat Blvd Saskatoon SK S7N 0X4 Canada

The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (ECR) is a promising pathway to producing valuable chemicals and fuels. Despite extensive studies reported, improving CO2 adsorption for local CO2 enrichment or water dissociation to generate sufficient H* is still not enough to achieve industrial-relevant current densities. Herein, we report a "two-in-one" catalyst, defective Bi nanosheets modified by CrOx (Bi-CrOx), to simultaneously promote CO2 adsorption and water dissociation, thereby enhancing the activity and selectivity of ECR to formate. The Bi-CrOx exhibits an excellent Faradaic efficiency (approximate to 100 %) in a wide potential range from -0.4 to -0.9 V. In addition, it achieves a remarkable formate partial current density of 687 mA cm(-2) at a moderate potential of -0.9 V without iR compensation, the highest value at -0.9 V reported so far. Control experiments and theoretical simulations revealed that the defective Bi facilitates CO2 adsorption/activation while the CrOx accounts for enhancing the protonation process via accelerating H2O dissociation. This work presents a pathway to boosting formate production through tuning CO2 and H2O species at the same time.

关键词： Electrochemical CO2 reduction Formate Defects CO2 adsorption Water dissociation

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Experimental investigation and model prediction of sliding bubble dynamics in vertical subcooled boiling flow

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER 2023年 200卷

作者： Yu, shuwen peng, Changhong Zhang, Zhenze Cheng, Ning Univ Sci & Technol China Sch Nucl Sci & Technol 96 Jinzhai Rd Hefei 230026 Peoples R China China Ship Dev & Design Ctr 268 Zhangzhidong Rd Wuhan 430060 Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol China Hefei Peoples R China

In the subcooled flow boiling, the behavior of sliding bubbles significantly affects the partition of wall heat flux, especially the transient heat flux in the sliding area. Therefore, an experimental investigation was conducted to examine sliding bubble characteristics in subcooled flow in a vertical rectangular chan-nel in this paper. The characteristics of sliding bubbles have been recorded and analyzed from size and velocity distribution, growth rate, sliding velocity, velocity-diameter dependence, and coalescence criti-cal velocity in detail. By comparing experimental data and growth models, we found that all the bub-ble growth model at the thermal control stage overestimates the growth rate of sliding bubble. During the sliding phase, the effect of condensation gradually increases and the contribution of the microlayer evaporation to the bubble growth is negligible. In addition, based on the force balance model, the dif-ferential equation of motion describing the sliding bubble is developed. The model considers the effects of buoyancy, flow drag, bubble volume expansion, and additional mass effects brought about by pressure gradients. With near-wall drag coefficient and local liquid velocity correction, the model agrees well with the experimental data and predicts diameter-velocity correlations well.(c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Subcooled flow boiling Sliding bubble Force balance model Sliding velocity

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PD-L2 of tumor-derived exosomes mediates the immune escape of cancer cells via the impaired T cell function

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CELL DEATH & DISEASE 2024年第11期15卷 800页

作者： Liu, Tongfeng Cheng, shuwen peng, Bo Zang, Haojing Zhu, Xiaofeng Wang, Xuetong Zhao, Xujie Gu, Yinmin Pan, Yongbo Hu, Hongbo Gao, Shan Guizhou Univ Med Coll Guiyang Peoples R China Southeast Univ Zhongda Hosp Adv Inst Life & Hlth Sch Life Sci & Technol Nanjing Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Med Sch Nanjing Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol China Sch Biomed Engn Suzhou Div Life Sci & Med Hefei Peoples R China Shanxi Med Univ Dept Microbiol & Immunol Taiyuan Shanxi Peoples R China Guangdong Acad Med Sci Guangdong Prov Peoples Hosp Guangdong Cardiovasc Inst Taiyuan Peoples R China Sichuan Univ West China Hosp Ctr Immunol & Hematol Dept Biotherapy Chengdu Peoples R China Sichuan Univ West China Hosp Canc Ctr State Key Lab Biotherapy Chengdu Peoples R China

The function of PD-1/PD-L1 axis have been intensively studied for immune escape of various cancers. However, the underlying function of PD-L2 remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that PD-L2 is majorly expressed in exosomes with surface localization by clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cells. Tumor cell-derived exosome PD-L2 (TDE-PD-L2) exhibits high expression compared with TDE-PD-L1 in various cancers. In the absence of adaptive immune, TDE-PD-L2 suppresses tumor growth and metastasis. Under immune competence condition, TDE-PD-L2 is hijacked by immune cells in a PD-1-dependent manner to systematically dampen function of T cells via the increased proportion of the regulatory T cells and the decreased proportion of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in both tumor-infiltrating T cells and spleen. The effects of TDE-PD-L2 on tumor is restored by antibodies targeting PD-L2. Collectively, we demonstrate that PD-1/TDE-PD-L2 axis systematically suppresses T cell functions, representing a potentially therapeutic strategy for ccRCC treatment.

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A fluorescent and colorimetric probe enables simultaneous differential detection of Hg²⁺ and Cu²⁺ by two different mechanisms

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SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL 2017年 238卷 455-461页

作者： Gao, Yunling Zhang, Cong peng, shuwen Chen, Haiyan Zhejiang Univ Technol Coll Chem Engn State Key Lab Breeding Base Green Chem Synth Tech Hangzhou 310032 Zhejiang Peoples R China China Pharmaceut Univ Sch Engn Dept Biomed Engn Nanjing 210009 Jiangsu Peoples R China

A new Schiff-base fluorescence probe CS containing benzimidazole and coumarin fluorophores was synthesized and characterized by NMR, IR and ESI-MS. Fluorescence and absorption spectra show the unique changes in the presence of Hg2+ and Cu2+. Hg2+ induces a remarkable fluorescence enhancement and results in mercury-promoted hydrolysis of a mercury-CS complex to convert the imine group to the aldehyde group. Cu2+ leads to a colorimetric change from colorless to pale yellow and causes formation of a copper-CS complex. Thus, CS can act as a fluorescent chemodosimeter for Hg2+ and a naked-eye chemosensor Cu2+. The cell imaging experiments for Hg2+ show a slow enhancement of a bright blue fluorescence with increasing incubation time, while Cu2+ instantly quenches the fluorescence and then the fluorescence intensity has no further change by extending the incubation time. Therefore, the probe CS shows its potential application for simultaneous differential detection of Hg2+ and Cu2+ in living cells based on the fluorescence response time. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Probe Copper Mercury Fluorescence Colorimetric Simultaneous differential detection

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Sulfiredoxin 1 ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation via the Sirt1/ NLRP3 pathway

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INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024年 141卷 113010页

作者： Zhang, Zhaoxia Du, Tingsha Wu, Nan Yang, shuwen Wang, Jian peng, Jianye Jia, Zhenyu Dai, Jiating Du, Xianfeng Feng, Mingjun Chu, Huimin Shen, Caijie Ningbo Univ Affiliated Hosp 1 Dept Cardiol 59 Liuting St Ningbo 315000 Peoples R China Ningbo Univ Hlth Sci Ctr Ningbo 315000 Peoples R China Univ South China Affiliated Hosp 2 Hengyang Med Sch Dept Cardiovasc Med Hengyang 421001 Hunan Peoples R China

Background: Doxorubicin (DOX) is limited in clinical use due to its cardiotoxic side effects. Oxidative stress and inflammation are pivotal mechanisms underlying doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC). Sulfiredoxin 1 (Srxn1) plays a central role in antioxidant effects. However, the role of Srxn1 in DIC has not yet been fully elucidated. This study aims to explore the effects and underlying mechanisms of Srxn1 on DIC. Methods: We overexpressed Srxn1 in the myocardium using an adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) system, delivered through tail vein injection. C57BL/6 mice received intraperitoneal injections of DOX (4 mg/kg) weekly for four consecutive weeks to establish a mouse model of DIC. We used echocardiography, histopathological, and molecular techniques to elucidate the effects and mechanisms. Results: Our findings demonstrate that overexpression of Srxn1 significantly enhanced cardiac function and mitigated myocardial injury in mice exposed to DOX. Overexpressing Srxn1 attenuated oxidative stress and inflammation induced by DOX. Furthermore, Srxn1 overexpression led to upregulation of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) expression and inhibited the activation of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Notably, the protective effects of Srxn1 were significantly abrogated by the Sirt1 inhibitor EX527. Conclusion: The protective effects of Srxn1 against DOX-induced cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation operate by targeting the Sirt1/NLRP3 signaling pathway to alleviate DIC. Srxn1 could be a potential candidate for the treatment of DOX-induced myocardial injury.

关键词： Doxorubicin Cardiotoxicity Sulfiredoxin 1

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