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Noise model considering electrical feed-through under force rebalance closed-loop detection of MEMS gyroscope

JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING 2020年第5期9卷

作者： Bu, Feng Wang, Xi Fan, Bo Guo, shuwen Xu, Dacheng Xu, xiang Zhao, Heming Umea Univ Inst Publ Hlth & Clin Med S-90187 Umea Sweden Univ Clin Ctr Kosovo Clin Cardiol Prishtina 10000 Kosovo Univ Pisa Cardiac Thorac & Vasc Dept I-56124 Pisa Italy Umea Univ Clin Physiol Dept Surg & Perioperat Sci Fac Med S-90187 Umea Sweden St George Univ Mol & Clin Res Inst London SW17 0QT England Brunel Univ Inst Fluid Dynam London UB8 3PH England

This study analyses the transfer path of electrical feed-through noise in the electromechanical amplitude modulation detection circuit of a micro-electro-mechanical system vibrating gyroscope. By considering the feed-through, circuit and mechanical thermal noises, a new noise model in the force-to-rebalance closed-loop detection is constructed, and the expression of the noise-equivalent rotation rate spectrum is given. In addition, the influences of factors such as circuit gain, feedback coefficient and frequency split on the contribution of noise are analysed. The analysis shows that the back-end injection noise is the main factor affecting angle random walk (ARW) for high Q-value gyroscopes. Through actual measurements, it was found that the feed-through noise at the carrier frequency of the feedback circuit was the main source of the back-end noise. After noise optimization, the ARW of the detection output decreased from 0.148 degrees /hr degrees /hr= 0.76% was the most powerful predictor of CE, with 80% sensitivity and 73% specificity (AUC 0.82, CI = 0.73 to 0.87, p < 0.001) followed by PALS <= 16%, with 74% sensitivity and 72% specificity (AUC 0.77, CI = 0.71 to 0.84, p < 0.001). These results were consistent irrespective of EF (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In this cohort of ambulatory HFrEF and HFmrEF patients, LASt proved the most powerful predictor of clinical outcome.

关键词： MEMS vibratory gyroscope force-to-rebalance noise model feed-through noise angle random walk

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经肌间隙和椎间孔入路减压植骨融合单侧固定治疗椎管容积狭小腰椎间盘突出症的疗效观察

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中国骨与关节损伤杂志 2025年第3期40卷 258-261页

作者：李忠伟周坤杨新明银乐乐徐翔张树文崔泳新疆医科大学第五附属医院脊柱外科新疆乌鲁木齐830000 新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院骨科中心脊柱外科新疆乌鲁木齐830000

目的观察经肌间隙和椎间孔入路减压植骨融合单侧椎弓根钉内固定治疗椎管容积狭小腰椎间盘突出症的可行性及临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2019-01—2020-06手术治疗的54例椎管容积狭小腰椎间盘突出症,观察组27例经肌间隙和椎间孔入路减压... 详细信息

目的观察经肌间隙和椎间孔入路减压植骨融合单侧椎弓根钉内固定治疗椎管容积狭小腰椎间盘突出症的可行性及临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2019-01—2020-06手术治疗的54例椎管容积狭小腰椎间盘突出症,观察组27例经肌间隙和椎间孔入路减压植骨融合单侧椎弓根钉内固定,对照组27例经后正中入路全椎板切除减压植骨融合双侧椎弓根钉内固定。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后2周疼痛VAS评分、术后6个月ODI指数、椎间植骨融合时间。结果54例均获得随访,随访时间9~16个月,平均11.3个月。术中均无神经、血管损伤,观察组1例脑脊液漏,对照组2例脑脊液漏,对症处理。术前责任节段支配肌群肌力为Ⅰ、Ⅱ级的患者肌力恢复至Ⅲ级,其余患者均恢复至正常。观察组手术时间较对照组短,术中出血量少于对照组,术后2周疼痛VAS评分低于对照组,术后6个月ODI指数低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组椎间植骨融合时间为(12.00±1.14)个月,对照组为(11.07±1.28)个月,组间椎间植骨融合时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论经肌间隙和椎间孔入路减压植骨融合单侧椎弓根钉内固定治疗椎管容积狭小的腰椎间盘突出症可以取得满意的疗效,具有手术操作简单、创伤小、安全性较高、并发症少等优点。

关键词：腰椎间盘突出症椎管容积狭小肌间隙入路椎间孔入路植骨融合椎弓根钉单边内固定

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非作物生境及其中功能植物生态调控作物害虫的研究进展

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中国生物防治学报 2025年第2期41卷 501-510页

作者：何北辰闫雪影刘雨欣向子仪王慧刘红梅张海芳杨殿林赵建宁张艳军武淑文农业农村部环境保护科研监测所天津300191 东北农业大学资源与环境学院哈尔滨150006 南京农业大学植物保护学院南京210095

人口规模的快速扩张产生了农产品供应的较大缺口,推动了农业生产方式的高度集约化。但是,农业集约化生产方式往往伴随着化学农药的大量使用,对生态环境造成了明显破坏,尤其是导致生物多样性锐减。生物多样性的减少削弱了自然天敌对作物... 详细信息

人口规模的快速扩张产生了农产品供应的较大缺口,推动了农业生产方式的高度集约化。但是,农业集约化生产方式往往伴随着化学农药的大量使用,对生态环境造成了明显破坏,尤其是导致生物多样性锐减。生物多样性的减少削弱了自然天敌对作物害虫的防控作用,农田生态系统稳定性降低,对粮食安全产生了明显威胁。利用生物平衡原理对害虫进行生态调控,是提高农业生物多样性,维持农田生态系统可持续发展的有效策略。研究证实,非作物生境的植物组成及生物特性对维系天敌昆虫多样性具有重要作用,且对天敌昆虫迁移扩散到作物生境发挥害虫控制功能产生积极影响。因此,研究功能植物涵养天敌的机制,针对作物害虫筛选特定功能植物及组合,利用功能植物优化非作物生境的植被状况以涵养天敌多样性从而生态调控害虫发生具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。本文系统概括了害虫治理历程、非作物生境管理和功能植物的概念、原理、技术及应用进展,展望了本领域理论研究与应用实践的发展方向,旨在为利用功能植物优化非作物生境以实现作物害虫的生态防控提供参考。

关键词：生物多样性有害生物自然天敌绿色防控

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Planar nonlinear metasurface optics and their applications

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REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS 2020年第12期83卷 126101-126101页

作者： Huang, Tianye Zhao, xiang Zeng, shuwen Crunteanu, Aurelian Shum, Perry Ping Yu, Nanfang China Univ Geosci Sch Mech Engn & Elect Informat Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Univ Limoges CNRS UMR 7252 XLIM Res Inst Limoges France Columbia Univ Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math New York NY USA Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Elect & Elect Engn Singapore Singapore Wuhan Natl Lib Optoelect Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China

Metasurfaces are artificial two-dimensional (2D) planar surfaces that consist of subwavelength 'meta-atoms' (i.e. metallic or dielectric nanostructures). They are known for their capability to achieve better and more efficient light control in comparison to their traditional optical counterparts. Abrupt and sharp changes in the electromagnetic properties can be induced by the metasurfaces rather than the conventional gradual accumulation that requires greater propagation distances. Based on this feature, planar optical components like mirrors, lenses, waveplates, isolators and even holograms with ultrasmall thicknesses have been developed. Most of the current metasurface studies have focused on tailoring the linear optical effects for applications such as cloaking, lens imaging and 3D holography. Recently, the use of metasurfaces to enhance nonlinear optical effects has attracted significant attention from the research community. Benefiting from the resulting efficient nonlinear optical processes, the fabrication of integrated all-optical nano-devices with peculiar functionalities including broadband frequency conversions and ultrafast optical switching will become achievable. Plasmonic excitation is one of the most effective approaches to increase nonlinear optical responses due to its induced strong local electromagnetic field enhancement. For instance, continuous phase control on the effective nonlinear polarizability of plasmonic metasurfaces has been demonstrated through spin-rotation light coupling. The phase of the nonlinear polarization can be continuously tuned by spatially changing the meta-atoms' orientations during second and third harmonic generation processes, while the nonlinear metasurfaces also exhibit homogeneous linear properties. In addition, an ultrahigh second-order nonlinear susceptibility of up to 10(4) pm V-1 has recently been reported by coupling the plasmonic modes of patterned metallic arrays with intersubband transition of multi-quantum-

关键词： metasurfaces nanophotonics 2D materials patterned graphene second harmonic generation

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Silica-Coated Fe₃O₄ Nanoparticles as a Bifunctional Agent for Magnetic Resonance Imaging and ZnII Fluorescent Sensing

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TECHNOLOGY IN CANCER RESEARCH & TREATMENT 2021年第20期20卷

作者： Qiu, Lin Zhou, shuwen Li, Ying Rui, Wen Cui, Pengfei Zhang, Changli Yu, Yongsheng Wang, Cheng Wang, xiang Wang, Jianhao Jiang, Pengju Changzhou Univ Sch Pharm Changzhou 213164 Jiangsu Peoples R China Changzhou Univ Sch Med Changzhou 213164 Jiangsu Peoples R China Jiangsu Sci Stand Med Testing Co Ltd Changzhou Jiangsu Peoples R China Nanjing Med Univ Affiliated Changzhou Peoples Hosp 2 Changzhou 213003 Jiangsu Peoples R China Nanjing Xiaozhuang Univ Sch Environm Sci Nanjing 211171 Peoples R China Tongji Univ Shanghai Matern & Infant Hosp 1 Sch Med Clin & Translat Res Ctr Shanghai Peoples R China Changzhou Le Sun Pharmaceut Co Ltd Changzhou 213125 Jiangsu Peoples R China

Bifunctional magnetic/fluorescent core-shell silica nanospheres (MNPs) encapsulated with the magnetic Fe3O4 core and a derivate of 8-amimoquinoline (N-(quinolin-8-yl)-2-(3-(triethoxysilyl) propylamino) acetamide) (QTEPA) into the shell were synthesized. These functional MNPs were prepared with a modified stober method and the formed Fe3O4@SiO2-QTEPA core-shell nanocomposites are biocompatible, water-dispersible, and stable. These prepared nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray power diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermoelectric plasma Quad II inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), TG/DTA thermal analyzer (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Further application of the nanoparticles in detecting Zn2+ was confirmed by the fluorescence experiment: the nanosensor shows high selectivity and sensitivity to Zn2+ with a 22-fold fluorescence emission enhancement in the presence of 10 mu M Zn2+. Moreover, the transverse relaxivity measurements show that the core-shell MNPs have T2 relaxivity (r2) of 155.05 mM(-1) S-1 based on Fe concentration on the 3.0 T scanner, suggesting that the compound can be used as a negative contrast agent for MRI. Further in vivo experiments showed that these MNPs could be used as MRI contrast agent. Therefore, the new nanosensor provides the dual modality of magnetic resonance imaging and optical imaging.

关键词： nanosensor Fe3O4 nanoparticles magnetic resonance imaging core-shell silica nanospheres ZnII fluorescent sensing

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佛山市高校本科生牙齿矫正需求现状及影响因素研究

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中国校医 2024年第3期38卷 211-214,229页

作者：周云连谭柯源董梓燕乡雨婷许锡秋苏淑文佛山科学技术学院医学院广东佛山528000 佛山科学技术学院附属口腔医院广东佛山528000

目的了解高校本科生对牙齿矫正的需求及相关影响因素。方法采用方便抽样的方法,通过问卷星平台,利用自编问卷对广东省佛山市某公立高等学校的在校本科生开展调查。结果收集有效问卷1020份。结果显示,有牙齿矫正需求的人数为394人,占总... 详细信息

目的了解高校本科生对牙齿矫正的需求及相关影响因素。方法采用方便抽样的方法,通过问卷星平台,利用自编问卷对广东省佛山市某公立高等学校的在校本科生开展调查。结果收集有效问卷1020份。结果显示,有牙齿矫正需求的人数为394人,占总调查人数的38.6%。男性中,169人(32.9%)有牙齿矫正需求;女性中,225人(44.4%)有牙齿矫正需求。医学类学生中,184人(43.2%)有牙齿矫正需求;非医学类学生中,210人(34.5%)有牙齿矫正需求;860人(84.3%)表示,亲戚朋友的建议会驱使其产生寻求牙齿矫正服务的动机;443人(43.4%)表示对牙齿矫正价格的接受能力低于5000元“;非常了解牙齿矫正”的人占18.2%,“对牙齿矫正略有耳闻”的占73.4%,表示“完全不知道牙齿矫正”的占8.3%。二元logistic回归分析结果显示,性别(OR=1.476,P=0.009)、专业(OR=1.623,P=0.002)、价格接受能力(OR=1.387~3.640,P均<0.05)、口腔健康评价指数(OR=0.915,P<0.001)是影响大学生牙齿矫正需求的显著因素。结论该大学本科生中有牙齿矫正需求的比例接近四成,在寻求牙齿矫正的动机方面受亲戚朋友影响较大,该人群对牙齿矫正的知晓率不高,女性、医学专业、牙齿矫正价格的接受能力较强,口腔健康相关生活质量低等是使该人群产生牙齿矫正需求的显著影响因素。

关键词：牙齿矫正需求影响因素大学生

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Andrographolide sulfonate attenuates alveolar hypercoagulation and fibrinolytic inhibition partly via NF-xB pathway in LPS-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome in mice

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BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY 2021年 143卷 112209-112209页

作者： Qian, Hong Yang, Huilin Li, xiang Yang, Guixia Zheng, Xinghao He, Tianhui Li, shuwen Liu, Bo Wu, Yanqi Cheng, Yumei Shen, Feng Guizhou Med Univ Dept Intens Care Unit Affiliated Hosp Guiyang 550001 Peoples R China Second Peoples Hosp Guiyang Dept Intens Care Unit Guiyang 550001 Peoples R China

Background: Alveolar hypercoagulation and fibrinolytic inhibition are important characteristics during acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and NF-xB p65 signaling pathway is involved to regulate these pathophysiologies. We hypothesize that targeting NF-xB signal pathway could ameliorate alveolar hypercoagulation and fibrinolyitc inhibition, thus attenuating lung injury in ARDS. Purpose: We explore the efficacy and the potential mechanism of andrographolide sulfonate (Andro-S) on alveolar hypercoagulation and fibrinolytic inhibition in LPS-induced ARDS in mice. Methods: ARDS was made by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhalation in C57BLmice. Andrographolide sulfonate (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally given to the mice (once a day for three consecutive days) before LPS administration. NEMO binding domain peptide (NBD), an inhibitor of NF-xB, was used as the positive control and it replaced Andro-S in mice of NBD group. Mice in normal control received saline instead of LPS. Lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected for analysis of alveolar coagulation, fibrinolytic inhibition as well as of pulmonary inflammatory response after 8 h of LPS inhalation. NF-xB signal pathway in lung tissue was simultaneously determined. Results: Andro-S dose-dependently inhibited tissue factor (TF) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 expressions either in mRNA or in protein in lung tissue of ARDS mice, and it also decreased the concentrations of TF, PAI-1, thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), procollagen peptide type III (PIIIP) while promoting the production of activated protein C (APC) in BALF. Meanwhile, Andro-S effectively inhibited inflammatory response (interleukin 113 and myeloperoxidase) induced by LPS. LPS stimulation dramatically activated NF-xB signal pathway, indicated by increased expressions of phosphorylation of p65 (p-p65), p-IKKa/13 and p-IxBa and the higher p65-DNA binding activity, which were all dose-dependently reversed by A

关键词： Andrographolide sulfonate Acute respiratory distress syndrome Alveolar hypercoagulation Pulmonary inflammation NF-xB

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Triptolide dose-dependently improves LPS-induced alveolar hypercoagulation and fibrinolysis inhibition through NF-κB inactivation in ARDS mice

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BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY 2021年 139卷 111569-111569页

作者： Yang, Huilin Qian, Hong Liu, Bo Wu, Yanqi Cheng, Yumei Zheng, Xinghao Li, xiang Yang, Guixia He, Tianhui Li, shuwen Shen, Feng Guizhou Med Univ Affiliated Hosp Dept Intens Care Unit Guiyang 550001 Peoples R China

Background: Alveolar hypercoagulation and fibrinolysis inhibition were associated with the refractory hypoxemia and the high mortality in patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and NF-kappa B pathway was confirmed to contribute to the process. Triptolide (TP) significantly inhibited NF-kappa B pathway and thus depressed accessive inflammatory response in ARDS. We speculate that TP could improve alveolar hypercoagulation and fibrinolytic inhibition in LPS-induced ARDS via NF-kappa B inactivation. Purpose: The aim of this experiment was to explore the efficacy and potential mechanism of TP on alveolar hypercoagulation and fibrinolysis inhibition in LPS-induced ARDS in mice. Methods: 50 mu l of LPS (5 mg/ml) was inhalationally given to C57BL/6 mice to set up ARDS model. Male mice were randomly accepted with LPS, LPS + TP (1 mu g/kg, 10 mu g/kg, 50 mu g/kg respectively), or with NEMO Binding domain peptide (NBD), an inhibitor of NF-kappa B. TP (1 mu g/kg, 10 mu g/kg, 50 mu g/kg) were intraperitoneally injected or 10 mu g/50 mu l of NBD solution were inhaled 30 min before LPS inhalation. A same volume of normal saline (NS) substituted for TP in mice in control. The endpoint of experiment was at 8 hours after LPS stimulation. Pulmonary tissues were taken for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, wet / dry ratio and for lung injury scores (LIS). Tissue factor (TF) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 in lung tissue were detected by Western-blotting and by quantitative Real-time PCR(qPCR) respectively. Concentrations of TF, PAI-1, thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), procollagen peptide type III (PIIIP) and activated protein C (APC) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured by ELISA. NF-kappa B activation and p65-DNA binding activity in pulmonary tissue were simultaneously determined. Results: LPS stimulation resulted in pulmonary edema, neutrophils infiltration, obvious alveolar collapse, interstitial congestion, with high LIS, which were all

关键词： Triptolide acute respiratory distress syndrome alveolar hypercoagulation and fibrinolysis inhibition

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重型/危重型新冠病毒奥密克戎变异株感染合并心房颤动临床分析

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中华危重病急救医学 2022年第9期34卷 900-904页

作者：赵志宏王赛华朱珞宁郇强田蓓郝舒雯宁忠平宋湘李新明上海健康医学院附属周浦医院心血管内科上海201318

目的分析新型冠状病毒奥密克戎突变株感染合并心房颤动(房颤)患者的临床特征及预后。方法选择2022年3月23日至5月15日上海市新冠肺炎定点医院周浦医院收治的2675例年龄≥50岁的本土新型冠状病毒肺炎(新冠肺炎)病例,将合并房颤患者分为... 详细信息

目的分析新型冠状病毒奥密克戎突变株感染合并心房颤动(房颤)患者的临床特征及预后。方法选择2022年3月23日至5月15日上海市新冠肺炎定点医院周浦医院收治的2675例年龄≥50岁的本土新型冠状病毒肺炎(新冠肺炎)病例,将合并房颤患者分为轻型组、普通型组和重型/危重型组。收集3组患者的临床资料、影像学检查和实验室检查结果及预后并进行比较。结果2675例新冠肺炎患者中位年龄69.0(60.0,81.0)岁,其中135例合并房颤,房颤发生率为5.05%。合并房颤患者的年龄为55~101岁,中位年龄84.0(74.0,89.0)岁;轻型组68例,普通型组30例,重型/危重型组37例(包括重型9例、危重型28例)。重型/危重型组患者年龄55~75岁比例为43.2%,新冠疫苗接种率为32.4%;新发房颤比例在3组中最高,长程持续性房颤比例则以轻型组最高(58.8%)。重型/危重型组伴发热(29.7%)、肝功能不全(13.5%)、肾功能不全(46.0%)、2型糖尿病比例(46.0%)及心功能不全NYHA分级高〔与轻型和普通型比较分别为(分):1.8±1.1比1.1±0.8、1.2±0.7,均P<0.05〕。实验室检查方面,与轻型组和普通型组比较,重型/危重型患者的C-反应蛋白(CRP)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)水平均明显升高〔CRP(mg/L):27.2(6.0,60.8)比7.6(3.1,19.3)、12.8(4.9,26.3),ALT(U/L):31.3±15.4比15.4±9.3、19.3±11.7,AST(U/L):78.0±21.7比34.7±15.6、38.1±24.4,均P<0.05〕,血红蛋白(Hb)、白蛋白(ALB)水平均明显降低〔Hb(g/L):105.3±22.5比125.8±25.4、123.0±20.4,ALB(g/L):33.7±6.0比39.0±5.5、39.6±13.1,均P<0.05〕;另外,重型/危重型组肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)明显高于轻型组〔μg/L:2.5(1.5,3.4)比2.2(1.2,2.8),P<0.05〕。治疗方面,3组间使用抗血小板药物和低分子肝素比例比较差异均有统计学意义,其中重型/危重型组使用抗血小板药物比例最低(27.0%),使用低分子肝素比例则高于轻型组〔81.1%(30/37)比51.5%(35/68),P<0.05〕。新冠肺炎合并房颤患者病死率为18.5%(25/135),均为危重型患者,其中脑栓塞、肺栓塞及脑出血者占32.0%(8/25),40.0%(10/25)死于多器官衰竭(40.0%合并消化道出血),20.0%(5/25)死于心脏性猝死,12.0%(3/25)死于呼吸衰竭;而轻型、普通型及9例重型患者均无死亡。结论奥密克戎变异株感染合并房颤的重型/危重型新冠肺炎患者预后更差,病死率高,主要死因为心、肺、脑等多器官衰竭及栓塞性疾病。

关键词：新型冠状病毒肺炎奥密克戎变异株心房颤动临床特征

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Electrical Tuning of the SERS Enhancement by Precise Defect Density Control

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ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019年第37期11卷 34091-34099页

作者： Zhou, Canliang Sun, Linfeng Zhang, Fengquan Gu, Chenjie Zeng, shuwen Jiang, Tao Shen, xiang Ang, Diing Shenp Zhou, Jun Ningbo Univ Inst Photon 818 Feng Hua Rd Ningbo 315211 Zhejiang Peoples R China Sungkyunkwan Univ Dept Energy Sci Suwon 16419 South Korea Univ Limoges CNRS UMR 7252 XLIM Res Inst Ave Albert Thomas F-87060 Limoges France Ningbo Univ Res Inst Adv Technol 818 Feng Hua Rd Ningbo 315211 Zhejiang Peoples R China Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Elect & Elect Engn 50 Nanyang Ave Singapore 639798 Singapore

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been widely established as a powerful analytical technique in molecular fingerprint recognition. Although conventional noble metal-based SERS substrates show admirable enhancement of the Raman signals, challenges on reproducibility, biocompatibility, and costs limit their implementations as the preferred analysis platforms. Recently, researches on SERS substrates have found that some innovatively prepared metal oxides/chalcogenides could produce noble metal comparable SERS enhancement, which profoundly expanded the material selection. Nevertheless, to tune the SERS enhancement of these materials, careful experimental designs and sophisticated processes were needed. Here, an electrically tunable SERS substrate based on tungsten oxides (WO3-x) is demonstrated. An electric field is used to introduce the defects in the oxide on an individual substrate, readily invoking the SERS detection capability, and further tuning the enhancement factor is achieved through electrical programming of the oxide leakage level. Additionally, by virtue of in situ tuning the defect density and enhancement factor, the substrate can adapt to different molecular concentrations, potentially improving the detection range. These results not only help build a better understanding of the chemical mechanism but also open an avenue for engaging non-noble metal materials as multifunctional SERS substrates.

关键词： surface-enhanced Raman scattering transition metal oxide chemical enhancement charge transfer electrical programming defect density tuning

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