Nuclear-grade zirconium (Zr) and hafnium (Hf) play an inevitably strategic role in the sustainable development of the nuclear industry. However, the efficient separation of Zr ions and Hf ions is still problematic due...
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Nuclear-grade zirconium (Zr) and hafnium (Hf) play an inevitably strategic role in the sustainable development of the nuclear industry. However, the efficient separation of Zr ions and Hf ions is still problematic due to their approximate ionic radii. This work, provides a novel strategy for separating Zr ions and Hf ions by solvent extraction using an HCl solution containing the green amic acid N, N-di-2-ethylhexyl diglycolamic acid (D2EHDGAA). The results demonstrated that D2EHDGAA in HCl solution presented excellent separation performance for Zr ions and Hf ions. The separation factor (beta(Zr/Hf)) in the simulation liquid was 11.4, and that in the zirconium oxychloride hydrolysate was 34.5 at an HCl concentration of 2.5 mol/L. In addition, the slope method shows that the concentration of CF in the feeding water phase plays a controlling role in the separation of Zr ions and Hf ions. Compared with HCl, HNO3 and ultrapure water, stripping can reach 94.3% at a H2SO4 concentration of 0.1 mol/L. Hopefully, the new environmentally friendly D2EHDGAA-HCl system can match the methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK)-HSCN system for efficient and selective extraction of Zr and Hf ions and show optimistic application prospects in industry.
Dion-Jacobson (DJ) phase and Ruddlesden-Popper phase 2D perovskites have been, individually, demonstrated to be more stable than 3D counterparts for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In order to further improve the effic...
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Dion-Jacobson (DJ) phase and Ruddlesden-Popper phase 2D perovskites have been, individually, demonstrated to be more stable than 3D counterparts for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In order to further improve the efficiency and stability of 2D PSCs, we herein report merging them to construct a DJ:RP double-phase perovskite (DPP) structure for the first time. With the DJ 2D perovskite composed of diammonium as the matrix, a monoammonium with a larger size than the diammonium is incorporated to form an independent RP phase 2D perovskite coexisting with the DJ one (DJ:RP DPP structure), which facilitates crystal growth, suppresses charge recombination, and improves charge transport. As a comparison, introduction of a smaller monoammonium than the diammonium leads to its insertion between inorganic slabs, yielding a distorted DJ 2D perovskite structure, which induces lattice relaxation/distortion and thus lowered charge transportation. Consequently, 2D PSCs based on the DJ:RP DPP afford an impressive efficiency of 13.8% with excellent thermal stability at 85 degrees C in damp air. This work demonstrates a new and promising strategy of developing the DJ:RP DPP for highly efficient and robust 2D PSCs.
Introduction: Familial IgA nephropathy (IgAN) has been widely reported. However, its clinicohistologic characteristics and long-term prognosis are not clear. Methods: A total of 348 familial IgAN cases from 167 indepe...
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Introduction: Familial IgA nephropathy (IgAN) has been widely reported. However, its clinicohistologic characteristics and long-term prognosis are not clear. Methods: A total of 348 familial IgAN cases from 167 independent families were recruited and their clinicohistologic characteristics as well as lifetime risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) were compared to 1116 sporadic IgAN patients from the same geographic region. Results: Of all familial IgAN patients, 60 (17%) came from 32 single-generation (SG;all affected individuals are siblings) families, whereas 286 (82%) came from 134 multiple-generation (MG;affected individuals were present in at least 2 consecutive generations) families. The lifetime ESRD risk was significantly higher in familial patients than sporadic ones after adjusting by gender (hazard ratio [HR]=1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-1.74, P = 0.004), with 5 years younger in median ESRD age (60 years vs. 65 years in familial and sporadic cases separately). Interestingly, among familial patients, we found cases from SG families (vs. MG families: HR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.59-4.31, P< 0.001) or with early onset (onset age <30 years) (vs. late onset: HR = 4.79, 95% CI: 3.16-7.26, P < 0.001) had higher lifetime ESRD risk. Furthermore, among sporadic patients, men had lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), higher urine protein, higher Oxford T score, and higher risk for life span ESRD compared with women (male vs. female, 25% vs. 17%, P= 0.003) whereas these gender differences were not seen in familial patients. Conclusion: Familial IgAN cases had poorer renal outcomes and less gender differences compared with sporadic cases. These findings provide evidence that familial disease represent a distinct subtype of more progressive IgAN. Early diagnosis could improve the prognosis of cases with familial IgAN.
Aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA) determines the sentiment polarity of specific aspects mentioned in the review. However, some existing ABSA studies have limitations, such as the model only detecting aspect-relev...
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Aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA) determines the sentiment polarity of specific aspects mentioned in the review. However, some existing ABSA studies have limitations, such as the model only detecting aspect-relevant semantics when using the attention mechanism and ignoring the aspect's long-distance dependence when introducing aspect position information. This study proposes a multiweight graph convolutional network (MWGCN) to address the above-mentioned limitations. MWGCN aims to design two weighting methods, multigrain dot-product weighting (MGDW) and the way (LCG), to create a local context weighted adjacency graph. The MGDW method retains the overall context semantics while emphasizing aspect-related features. Furthermore, the adjacency graph constructed by LCG emphasizes the importance of local context words and helps to avoid the aspect's long-distance dependence. A multilayer graph convolutional network (GCN) is also used to extract contextual features that integrate syntactic information and capture aspect features that focus on local context words. We performed several experiments on five datasets;the experimental results verify the MWGCN generalization and further prove that with MGDW and LCG, the features extracted using GCN help improve the MWGCN effect.
TiO2/ZnO composite aerogel is synthesized using Zn(NO3)(2)center dot H2O and titanium butoxide as precursors through sol-gel route combined with C2H5OH superfluid drying technique. The effects of the Zn2+/Ti4+ molar r...
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TiO2/ZnO composite aerogel is synthesized using Zn(NO3)(2)center dot H2O and titanium butoxide as precursors through sol-gel route combined with C2H5OH superfluid drying technique. The effects of the Zn2+/Ti4+ molar ratios and concentration on the antibacterial properties of TiO2/ZnO composite aerogels are investigated. The results show that the specific surface area is as high as 180 m(2)/g for the samples with the Zn2+/Ti4+ molar ratios of 1.5. The composite aerogels have the maximum inhibition zone of 23 nm and 19.5 nm for E. coll. and S. aureus, and the minimum inhibitory concentration for E. coll. and S. aureus of 100 ppm. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Early life stress (ELS) increases the risk of depression later in life. Programmed cell death factor 4 (PDCD4), an apoptosis-related molecule, extensively participates in tumorigenesis and inflammatory diseases. Howev...
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Early life stress (ELS) increases the risk of depression later in life. Programmed cell death factor 4 (PDCD4), an apoptosis-related molecule, extensively participates in tumorigenesis and inflammatory diseases. However, its involvement in a person's susceptibility to ELS-related depression is unknown. To examine the effects and underlying mechanisms of PDCD4 on ELS vulnerability, we used a "two-hit" stress mouse model: an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into neonatal mice was performed on postnatal days 7-9 (P7-P9) and inescapable foot shock (IFS) administration in adolescent was used as a later-life challenge. Our study shows that compared with mice that were only exposed to the LPS or IFS, the "two-hit" stress mice developed more severe depression/anxiety-like behaviors and social disability. We detected the levels of PDCD4 in the hippocampus of adolescent mice and found that they were significantly increased in "two-hit" stress mice. The results of immunohistochemical staining and Sholl analysis showed that the number of microglia in the hippocampus of "two-hit" stress mice significantly increased, with morphological changes, shortened branches, and decreased numbers. However, knocking down PDCD4 can prevent the number and morphological changes of microglia induced by ELS. In addition, we confirmed through the Golgi staining and immunohistochemical staining results that knocking down PDCD4 can ameliorate ELS-induced synaptic plasticity damage. Mechanically, the knockdown of PDCD4 exerts neuroprotective effects, possibly via the mediation of BDNF/AKT/CREB signaling. Combined, these results suggest that PDCD4 may play an important role in the ELS-induced susceptibility to depression and, thus, may become a therapeutic target for depressive disorders.
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