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Debiased Visual Question Answering via the perspective of question types

PATTERN RECOGNITION LETTERS 2024年 178卷 181-187页

作者： Huai, Tianyu Yang, shuwen Zhang, Junhang zhao, Jiabao He, Liang East China Normal Univ Sch Comp Sci & Technol Shanghai Peoples R China East China Normal Univ Inst AI Educ Shanghai Peoples R China East China Normal Univ Shanghai Key Lab Multidimens Informat Proc Shanghai Peoples R China

Visual Question Answering (VQA) aims to answer questions according to the given image. However, current VQA models tend to rely solely on textual information from the questions and ignore the visual information in the images to get answers, which is caused by bias that is generated during the training phase. Previous studies have shown that bias in VQA is mainly caused by the text modality, and our analysis suggests that question type is a crucial factor in bias formation. To address this bias, we proposed a self -supervised method including the Against Biased Samples(ABS) module that performs targeted debiasing by selecting samples that are prone to bias, and the Shuffle Question types(SQT) module that constructs negative samples by randomly replacing the question types of the samples selected by the ABS, to interrupting the shortcuts from question type to answer. Our approach mitigates the question -to -answer bias without using external annotations, overcoming the prior language problem. Additionally, we designed a new objective function for negative samples. Experimental results indicate that our method outperforms both self -supervised -based and supervised -based state-of-the-art approaches, achieving 70.36% accuracy on the VQA-CP v2 dataset.

关键词： Visual Question Answering De-biasing Self-supervised

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Application of virtual reality technology in second language classroom teaching in colleges and universities

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JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & FUZZY SYSTEMS 2024年第1期46卷 711-722页

作者： zhao Chunhong Nie Jinglei Yin shuwen Zhang Dingyu Li Chengmo Xingtai Univ Xingtai City 054000 Hebei Peoples R China Xingtai Med Coll Xingtai City Hebei Peoples R China

The design and implementation of teachers' classroom teaching strategies is the key to the success of second language classroom teaching. In order to improve the quality of second-language classroom teaching in universities and enhance the interactivity in the teaching process, the application of virtual reality technology in second-language classroom teaching in universities is studied. Firstly, an integrated ware platform is designed for second language classroom teaching in universities, which consists of an integrated ware library and a database. Then virtual reality technology is used to design an integrated ware library within the platform and collect information such as various teaching media resources designed in the classroom teaching content into the integrated ware library;Utilize 3DS Max software in virtual reality technology to construct three-dimensional models of teaching scenes and entities;Choose to use linear difference method to render 3D model colors;From a visual perspective, enhance the realism of the rendered model through image enhancement technology and color contrast enhancement technology. According to the functions of the physical object, various interactive events are added to the created teaching scene and the three-dimensional model of the entity and stored in the integrable ware library to achieve panoramic roaming of the second language classroom teaching scene in universities. The experimental results show that the teaching platform designed by this method can accurately construct three-dimensional models of teaching scenes and objects with good visual effects, providing users with a more realistic sensory experience and effectively improving students' mastery of teaching content.

关键词： Virtual reality technology classroom teaching 3D model color rendering panoramic walkthrough

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Development of a Five-Chemical-Probe Method to Determine Multiple Radicals Simultaneously in Hydroxyl and Sulfate Radical-Mediated Advanced Oxidation Processes

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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024年第12期58卷 5616-5626页

作者： Hong, Wenjie Zou, Jianmin zhao, Mengzhe Yan, shuwen Song, Weihua Fudan Univ Dept Environm Sci & Engn Shanghai 200438 Peoples R China Shanghai Inst Pollut Control & Ecol Secur Shanghai 200092 Peoples R China

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), such as hydroxyl radical (HO center dot)- and sulfate radical (SO4 center dot-)-mediated oxidation, are attractive technologies used in water and wastewater treatments. To evaluate the treatment efficiencies of AOPs, monitoring the primary radicals (HO center dot and SO4 center dot-) as well as the secondary radicals generated from the reaction of HO center dot/SO4 center dot- with water matrices is necessary. Therefore, we developed a novel chemical probe method to examine five key radicals simultaneously, including HO center dot, SO4 center dot-, Cl-center dot, Cl-2(center dot-), and CO3 center dot-. Five probes, including nitrobenzene, para-chlorobenzoic acid, benzoic acid, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoic acid, and 2,4,6-trimethylphenol, were selected in this study. Their bimolecular reaction rate constants with diverse radicals were first calibrated under the same conditions to minimize systematic errors. Three typical AOPs (UV/H2O2, UV/S2O82-, and UV/HSO5-) were tested to obtain the radical steady-state concentrations. The effects of dissolved organic matter, Br-, and the probe concentration were inspected. Our results suggest that the five-probe method can accurately measure radicals in the HO center dot- and SO4 center dot--mediated AOPs when the concentration of Br- and DOM are less than 4.0 mu M and 15 mg(C) L-1, respectively. Overall, the five-probe method is a practical and easily accessible method to determine multiple radicals simultaneously.

关键词： chemical probe advanced oxidation processes radical chemistry kinetic simulation

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Materials space-tectonics methodology of conductive mesoporous carbon nanohorns embedded graphene aerogels anchoring Pd nanocrystalline for an efficient ethanol oxidation reaction

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY 2024年 56卷 621-628页

作者： zhao, Jinjuan zhao, Zhizhong Meng, Jianqi Wu, Jie Li, Ruxia Yang, Honglei Li, shuwen Lanzhou Univ Coll Chem & Chem Engn State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem SKLAOC Lanzhou 730000 Peoples R China

Materials space-tectonics (MST) methodology is a powerful strategy to design catalytic materials synthesis to overcome the limitation of monotonous pore geometries and develop functional structures with surface-specific functions. Based on the MST, herein, carbon nanohorns (CNH) as "spacers" inserted into three-dimensional (3D) nitrogen-doped graphene aerogel (NG) anchoring Pd nanocrystalline (Pd/CNH@NG) was constructed through a facile hydrothermal approach and wet chemical reduction method without surfactant and employed as electrocatalyst for ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR). The introduction of CNH can provide important mesopore and macropore characters and generate more active sites to anchor Pd nanocrystalline on the basis of unique internal and interstitial nanopore structures, high surface area and conductive graphitic structure, then enhancing the electrocatalytic efficiency, stability and poison tolerance of catalysts. Meanwhile, the role of CNH doped NG also includes accelerating the reaction of the intermediate (CH3COads) manufactured on the Pd-based aerogels surface with adsorbed hydroxyl (OHads) due to coordination effect from Pyridinic-nitrogen and pyrrolic-nitrogen species. The electrochemical results reveal that the specific and mass activities of the obtained Pd/CNH@NG-2 aerogel (the mass ratio of graphene oxide and CNH is 1:3) are 1.38 and 2.86 times higher than those of the commercial Pd/C for EOR. Simultaneously, the current density of Pd/CNH@NG-2 still maintains 70 % after 500 cycles of complete CV, but commercial Pd/C only maintains 22.6 % of the initial activity. The synthesis of Pd/CNH@NG not only offers a porous three-dimensional aerogel for the EOR but also optimizes a facile strategy to fabricate superior supports for promoting the commercialization of DEFCs.

关键词： Carbon nanohorns Ethanol electrooxidation reaction Nitrogen -doped graphene Pd nanocrystalline Porous three-dimensional aerogels

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Energy flow analysis of grass carp pond system based on Ecopath model

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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH 2024年第7期31卷 10184-10197页

作者： Xiao, shuwen Liu, Xingguo Zhou, Runfeng zhao, Yuxi Sun, zhaoyun Chinese Acad Fishery Sci Fishery Machinery & Instrument Res Inst Shanghai 200092 Peoples R China Minist Agr & Rural Affairs Key Lab Aquaculture Facil Engn Shanghai 200092 Peoples R China Shanghai Ocean Univ Coll Fisheries & Life Sci Shanghai 201306 Peoples R China Nanjing Agr Univ Wuxi Fisheries Coll Wuxi 214128 Peoples R China

Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) is the most productive freshwater fish in China, but its traditional aquaculture model still has problems, such as poor water quality and frequent diseases. We have taken monoculture and 80:20 polyculture grass carp ponds as the research object and used EwE software to build the Ecopath model of two ponds. We analyzed and compared the characteristics of ecological structure and energy flow in two ponds. The result showed the highest effective trophic level in the polyculture pond that was higher than that in the monoculture pond, and fish in polyculture had higher EE values which showed the production of fish in polyculture contributed more to the energy conversion efficiency of the ecosystem. Flows into detritus were the largest component of TST both in the two ponds, which accounted for 49.34% and 50.37%. And the average transfer efficiency in monoculture was 13.07%, while that in polyculture was 15.6%. The ascendency/total development capacity (A/TDC) and overhead/total development capacity (O/TDC) were 0.35 and 0.65 both in the two ponds, respectively, which indicated that both systems had a strong anti-perturbation ability, but the stability could be improved. Finn's cycling index (FCI) in polyculture was higher and showed that the polyculture pond was more mature and stable. Unused energy of functional groups will flow to detritus, and that in the monoculture pond was higher, the energy of C. idellus that flowed to detritus in monoculture was 48.17% higher than that in polyculture;unused energy of bacteria and phytoplankton were also high. The result showed that polyculture could improve energy utilization, increase transfer efficiency, and raise the stability of the ecosystem. Grass carp ponds still need to be improved in the aspects of mixed species and energy consumption. It is necessary to improve the ecological and economic benefits of grass carp ponds by optimizing the aquaculture structure and adjusting the aquacult

关键词： Ecopath Grass carp pond Energy flow Trophic structure Monoculture Polyculture

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CAS FGOALS-g3 Model Datasets for the CMIP6 Scenario Model Intercomparison Project(ScenarioMIP)

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2020年第10期37卷 1081-1092页

作者： Ye PU Hongbo LIU Ruojing YAN Hao YANG Kun XIA Yiyuan LI Li DONG Lijuan LI He WANG Yan NIE Mirong SONG Jinbo XIE shuwen zhao Kangjun CHEN Bin WANG Jianghao LI and Ling ZUO State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Atmospheric Sciences Yunnan UniversityKunming 650504China

This paper describes the datasets from the Scenario Model Intercomparison Project(ScenarioMIP)simulation experiments run with the Chinese Academy of Sciences Flexible Global Ocean–Atmosphere–Land System Model,GridPoint version 3(CAS FGOALS-g3).FGOALS-g3 is driven by eight shared socioeconomic pathways(SSPs)with different sets of future emission,concentration,and land-use *** Tier 1 and 2 experiments were carried out and were initialized using historical runs.A branch run method was used for the ensemble *** outputs were three-hourly,six-hourly,daily,and/or monthly mean values for the primary variables of the four component *** evaluation and analysis of the simulations is also *** present results are expected to aid research into future climate change and socio-economic development.

关键词： ScenarioMIP CMIP6 CAS FGOALS-g3

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Solar-Induced Phototransformation of Peracetic Acid in Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter Solutions

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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2025年第18期59卷 9321-9331页

作者： Huang, Yixin Zhang, Yihui zhao, Mengzhe Yan, shuwen Yin, Daqiang Song, Weihua Fudan Univ Dept Environm Sci & Engn Shanghai 200438 Peoples R China Tongji Univ Coll Environm Sci & Engn Minist Educ Key Lab Yangtze River Water Environm Shanghai 200092 Peoples R China Shanghai Inst Pollut Control & Ecol Secur Shanghai 200092 Peoples R China

Peracetic acid (PAA) has been extensively investigated as an alternative disinfectant for water and wastewater treatments. However, the photochemical transformation of PAA in sunlit surface waters has not been previously investigated. For the first time, the photosensitized transformation of PAA was here observed in chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM)-enriched solutions under simulated solar irradiation. Triplet CDOM (3CDOM*) is here proposed to play a key role in the phototransformation processes. Using triplet model compounds, the reaction rate constant of 3CDOM* with PAA can be estimated to around 1.1 x 108 M-1 s-1. The reaction mechanism of triplet with PAA involves both energy- and electron-transfer. CH3COO center dot was generated from the reaction between PAA and excited triplets. Furthermore, HO center dot and organic reactive species (i.e., CH3COOO center dot and CH3COO center dot) are involved in the photochemical transformation of PAA in sunlit CDOM-enriched solutions. These reactive species (including HO center dot, CH3COOO center dot, and CH3COO center dot) also play a role in the removal of contaminants of emerging concerns (CECs). Overall, the current study provided new insights into the photochemical transformation of PAA in CDOM-enriched solutions. The solar irradiation of wastewater with PAA enhancement could be a useful and economically beneficial advanced oxidation process for CEC abatement.

关键词： peracetic acid chromophoric dissolved organic matter triplets contaminants of emerging concerns

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Boosting photocatalytic reduction over perylene-C3N5 driven by constructing donor-acceptor structure

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JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS 2025年 1014卷

作者： Liu, Zheng Li, Mengjie Wu, Jie zhao, Jinjuan Li, shuwen Yang, Honglei Lanzhou Univ Coll Chem & Chem Engn State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem Gansu Prov Engn Lab Chem Catalysis Lanzhou 730000 Peoples R China

As a promising N-rich carbon nitride photocatalyst, the suboptimal carrier separation capability represents a significant obstacle to C3N5 practical application. Herein, this work presents a constructing donor-acceptor structure (D-A) strategy for incorporating the aromatic molecule Perylene 3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid (PTA) into the backbone of C3N5 (PTA-C3N5). The incorporation of PTA can facilitate the delocalization of pi electrons, which enables the effective participation of photogenerated electrons in the reaction, thereby enhancing the photocatalytic capacity of the material. Moreover, the formation of the D-A structure also alters the band structure, and facilitates the migration of charge carriers. As a result, the synthesized PTA-C3N5 exhibits a markedly elevated efficiency for the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI), with a rate constant (k) of 15.65 x 10-3 min-1, which is approximately twice that of the original C3N5. Furthermore, the addition of PTA resulted in a notable enhancement in the crystallinity of the catalyst, effectively ameliorate the defects and suppressed the complexation of photogenerated carriers. This work presents a processing strategy for carbon nitride structural adjustment, which introduces a new paradigm for the design of organic materials at the D-A interface with the objective of achieving enhanced photocatalytic capabilities.

关键词： Donor-acceptor structure Photocatalysis Perylene 3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid

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Data Mining and Statistical Measurement of High Quality Development of Rural Tourism in Jiangsu Province 11

Data Mining and Statistical Measurement of High Quality Deve...

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11th Joint International Information Technology and Artificial Intelligence Conference, ITAIC 2023

作者： zhao, Jianqiang Sun, shuwen School of Mathematics and Statistics Xuzhou University of Technology Jiangsu Province Xuzhou221018 China School of Finance Xuzhou University of Technology Jiangsu Province Xuzhou221018 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350333664

This paper uses data mining and statistical analysis to mine and study the high-quality development data of rural tourism in Jiangsu Province, and studies the high-quality development level of rural tourism in 13 districts and cities in Jiangsu Province. Firstly, the relevant indicators for measuring the high-quality development of rural tourism in Jiangsu Province are determined, and the data are obtained through the network big data technology. Secondly, rough set and other methods are used to delete the indicators with high redundancy, such as the number of patent authorizations, the gross domestic product of the tertiary industry/region and so on, to obtain the final index system. Finally, the dynamic comprehensive evaluation method uses data mining and statistical measurement to get the comprehensive ranking of 13 cities divided into districts. The evaluation results show that Suzhou, Wuxi and Nanjing rank the top three, while Suqian, Zhenjiang and Xuzhou rank lower. In the future, these regions with lower ranking should take corresponding measures to promote higher quality development of rural tourism. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Data mining Dynamic comprehensive evaluation High quality development level of rural tourism Rough set

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Gas-induced modulation of carbon nitride morphology through a green one-step calcination strategy

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GREEN CHEMISTRY 2025年第12期27卷 3293-3302页

作者： Wu, Jie Liu, Zheng Li, Mengjie zhao, Jinjuan Li, shuwen Yang, Honglei Lanzhou Univ Coll Chem & Chem Engn State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem Gansu Prov Engn Lab Chem Catalysis Lanzhou 730000 Peoples R China

Considering that graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has been employed as a photocatalytic material, multidimensional morphology modulation is of particular importance as the most effective method for increasing the specific surface area and enhancing the catalytic properties among all modifications. This work focuses on the development of a facile and green synthesis strategy for multidimensional carbon nitride, and the catalytic properties of the prepared materials were evaluated by utilizing Cr(vi) reduction as a model reaction. Ultimately, following the optimization of the preparation conditions such as calcination temperature and heating rate, the sample TCN-5, a conical tubular carbon nitride material with sea urchin-like stacking, was fabricated through the simple one-step calcination of melamine. The material exhibits the most optimal photocatalytic activity owing to its distinctive one-dimensional structure and exhibits enhanced light-sensing and mass transfer capabilities. Furthermore, the theory of gas-induced modulation in the morphology and structure of carbon nitride is further proposed. Briefly, the ammonia gas produced by precursor polymerisation affects the molecular structure at the microscopic level by altering the particle stacking density and exerts an influence on the morphology of the sample at the macroscopic level through the pushing and stripping effect of the gas. This work provides substantial evidence and theoretical guidance for the optimized modification of carbon nitride, presenting a new way for developing advanced carbon nitride materials and beyond.

关键词： Photocatalytic activity

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