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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zhang, Gongyue Zhang, Dinghuang zhao, shuwen Liu, Donghan Toptan, Carrie M. Liu, Honghai

Through theoretical and experimental validation, unlike all existing adaptive methods like Adam which penalize frequently-changing parameters and are only applicable to sparse gradients, we propose the simplest SGD enhanced method, Loss-Controlled Asymmetric Momentum(LCAM). By averaging the loss, we divide training process into different loss phases and using different momentum. It not only can accelerates slow-changing parameters for sparse gradients, similar to adaptive optimizers, but also can choose to accelerates frequently-changing parameters for non-sparse gradients, thus being adaptable to all types of datasets. We reinterpret the machine learning training process through the concepts of weight coupling and weight traction, and experimentally validate that weights have directional specificity, which are correlated with the specificity of the dataset. Thus interestingly, we observe that in non-sparse gradients, frequently-changing parameters should actually be accelerated, which is completely opposite to traditional adaptive perspectives. Compared to traditional SGD with momentum, this algorithm separates the weights without additional computational costs. It is noteworthy that this method relies on the network’s ability to extract complex features. We primarily use Wide Residual Networks for our research, employing the classic datasets Cifar10 and Cifar100 to test the ability for feature separation and conclude phenomena that are much more important than just accuracy rates. Finally, compared to classic SGD tuning methods, while using WRN on these two datasets and with nearly half the training epochs, we achieve equal or better test accuracy. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Momentum

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土壤污染修复中的生物炭-微生物交互作用研究进展

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农业环境科学学报 2023年第7期42卷 1423-1435页

作者：赵淑雯张倩茹张楚晨冀琳宇 OK Yongsik 北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室北京100081 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所北京100081 高丽大学环境科学与生态工程学部韩国生物炭研究中心韩国首尔02841

近年来,生物炭在污染土壤修复中的研究与应用受到广泛关注,且已被证实对于修复土壤重金属及有机污染具有显著的效果。生物炭可以改善土壤性质,影响土壤微生物群落,实现生物炭介导的微生物土壤污染修复。本文综述了生物炭对微生物的积极... 详细信息

近年来,生物炭在污染土壤修复中的研究与应用受到广泛关注,且已被证实对于修复土壤重金属及有机污染具有显著的效果。生物炭可以改善土壤性质,影响土壤微生物群落,实现生物炭介导的微生物土壤污染修复。本文综述了生物炭对微生物的积极作用,包括提供额外生存环境、提供营养物质和改善原有栖息地[土壤团聚性、pH、阳离子交换能力(CEC)和酶活性]。这些影响将导致微生物丰度、活性和群落结构的变化。然而,生物炭所携带的可能威胁微生物群落的有毒物质也不应被忽视,如多环芳烃、呋喃等;同时生物炭在高温热解过程中产生的持久性自由基也会对微生物产生毒性。本文还讨论了生物炭介导的微生物修复技术在去除土壤污染物方面的应用现状,最后对生物炭-微生物交互作用在土壤污染修复中的研究方向提出了展望。

关键词：土壤修复生物炭微生物潜在风险交互作用机制

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A new insight into Cd reduction by flooding in paddy soil: The different dominant roles of Fe and S on Cd immobilization under fluctuant pe plus pH conditions

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SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022年 847卷 157604页

作者： Qin, Luyao Wang, Lifu zhao, shuwen Sun, Xiaoyi Yu, Lei Wang, Meng Chen, Shibao Chinese Acad Agr Sci Inst Agr Resources & Reg Planning Beijing 100081 Peoples R China

The unsteady comprehensive system of pe + pH strongly affects the late of Cd in paddy soils. However, the specific pe + pH threshold determining Cd bioavailability is largely unknown especially considering the roles of Fe and S reduction. The experiment set different water managements to obtain paddy soil samples with unstable pe + pH, and chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterization were applied to reveal the dynamic process and mechanism about how Fe and S controlled Cd mobilization. The results showed that low pe + pH was favorable to soil Cd immobilization. Compared with high and medium pe + pH, the exchangeable Cd content decreased by 67.57 % and 64.71 %at low pe + pH, respectively. The XPS results showed that the contents of Fe(H) and S(-II) increased to 65.1 %and 75.2 %at low pe + pH condition, which was higher than that in other treatments. In the process of flooding for reducing Cd mobility, first it was attributed to the formation of amorphous iron oxides that can provide amount of adsorption sites for Cd. After then, S2- began to play a dominant role to combine with Cd-2(+) to form CdS with continuous decreased pe + pH. Therefore, Fe and S played the different dominant roles on Cd immobilization in paddy soil, and soil pe + pH value could work as a threshold.

关键词： Pe plus pH Iron Sulfur Mechanism Paddy soil

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Deterioration mechanism of vanadium dioxide smart coatings during natural aging: Uncovering the role of water

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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL 2022年 447卷

作者： Li, Zhongshao zhao, shuwen Shao, Zewei Jia, Hanxiang Huang, Aibin Jin, Ping Cao, Xun Chinese Acad Sci Shanghai Inst Ceram State Key Lab High Performance Ceram & Superfine M Dingxi Rd 1295 Shanghai 200050 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Ctr Mat Sci & Optoelect Engn Beijing 100049 Peoples R China Shanghai Univ Sch Mat Sci & Engn Shanghai 200444 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Hangzhou Global Sci & Technol Innovat Ctr Hangzhou 311215 Peoples R China

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) has already been widely concerned as a thermochromic smart window material. However, the Achilles heel of VO2 is susceptible to degradation by water and oxygen in the air, which has limited its commercialization. Until now, it has remained unclear what effect water has on the deterioration of VO2, hindering the solution to this dilemma. In this work, the degradation mechanism of VO2 during natural aging was proposed based on density functional theory (DFT) calculation and experimental analysis, and the role of water in the degradation process was discussed in detail. The results showed that water affects the deterioration reaction by influencing the adsorption behavior of oxygen on the VO2 surface, destroying the dense structure, and participating in the reaction in the form of combined water. This work fills the degradation mechanism gap of VO2, helps to design high-performance structures of VO2-based smart coatings, and provides theoretical guidance to solve the problem of VO2 weatherability.

关键词： Vanadium dioxide Deterioration mechanism Natural aging Energy-saving smart window V10O24 center dot 12H(2)O

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Aging factor and its prediction models of chromium ecotoxicity in soils with various properties

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SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022年 847卷 157622页

作者： Sun, Xiaoyi Qin, Luyao Wang, Lifu zhao, shuwen Yu, Lei Wang, Meng Chen, Shibao Chinese Acad Agr Sci Inst Agr Resources & Reg Planning Beijing 100081 Peoples R China

Aging of pollutants determines bioavailability and toxicity thresholds of environmental pollutants in soil. However, the ecotoxicity of chromium(Cr) rarely considers the effect of aging as well as soil properties. In order to explore the aging characteristics and establish their quantitative relationship with different soil properties, this study selected 7 soils with different properties through exogenous addition of Cr and determined its toxicity on barley root elongation. From 14d to 540d, EC10 and EC50 of barley root elongation ranged from 21.40 to 312.52 (***(-1)) and 50.15 to 883.88 (***(-1)) respectively. The hormesis appeared in the dose-response curve of acid soil as relative barley root elongation reached >110 % compared with the control. Extended aging time of Cr from 14d to 540d was associated with the attenuation of the toxicity of Cr, as the aging factor increased from 1.26 to 6.09 for EC50, from 0.88 to 4.98 for EC10. The prediction model of AFEC(50) and soil properties is lg (AF(360d)) = 0.306lg Clay+0.026lg CEC + 0.240 (R-2 = 0.872, P < 0.01). The results demonstrated that with the extension of aging time, the toxicity of Cr decreased at 360d and reached a slow reaction stage, after that soil OC, Clay and CEC could well explain the aging procedure of Cr (VI). These results are beneficial for risk assessment of Cr contaminated soils and establishment of a soil environmental quality criteria for Cr.

关键词： Chromium Toxicity thresholds Hormesis Aging factor Dose-response curve

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Preparation of Graphene/Si/C composite nanolayer electrodes by magnetron sputtering and study on lithium storage properties

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CHEMICAL PHYSICS IMPACT 2023年 6卷

作者： zhao, shuwen zhao, Yifan Liu, Bioabiao Chen, Ji Dai, Ruijie Zhou, Yao Zhang, Hua Chen, Anran Yunnan Univ Sch Mat & Energy Kunming 650091 Peoples R China Univ Edinburgh Sch Engn Edinburgh EH8 9YL Scotland

A Si layer with a thickness of 100 nm and a 50 nm C layer were sputtered on copper-based graphene by magnetron sputtering to form a Graphene/Si/C composite nanolayer electrode. The lithium storage performance was studied by the constant current charge-discharge test, cyclic voltammetry test, cycle performance test, and AC impedance test. The results show that the reversible capacity of the Graphene/Si/C thin film electrode has a serious decay in the early cycle, with an average decay of 1.79 mAh/g per cycle within 200 cycles;the decay is relatively gentle in the latter stage, with an average decay of 0.723 mAh/g per cycle after 1000 cycles. By comparing the SEM and EDS before and after cycling, it was found that the film was broken after cycling, resulting in the loss of active substances.

关键词： Graphene Si C Composite nanolayer electrodes Magnetron sputtering

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Distribution and Biomagnification of Hexabromocyclododecanes (Hbcds) in Edible Marine Fish in the Beibu Gulf, China: Implication for Seafood Dietary Risk

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Yang, Xi Huang, Liangliang Zhang, Li Zhu, Liang Cheng, Yanan Wang, Caiguang zhao, shuwen Yang, Yiheng Kang, Bin College of Environmental Science and Engineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin541004 China Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area Guilin University of Technology Guangxi Guilin541004 China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources Environment and Sustainable Development Fourth Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural Resources Guangxi Beihai536009 China College of Fisheries Ocean University of China Shandong Qingdao266100 China

Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) are emerging additive brominated flame retardant. In present study, the distribution, biomagnification and potential human health risk associated with HBCDs were investigated in six edible marine fish species from three bays in the Beibu Gulf, China. The concentration of HBCDs ranged from 0.05 to 200 ng/g lipid weight (lw), with Scoliodon laticaudus and Trichiurus nanhaiensis having the highest and lowest concentration, respectively. The α-HBCD was dominant in most studied fish, expect for Scoliodon laticaudus. Dietary source was the primary factor for the diastereomeric profiles of HBCDs in fish. Only γ-HBCD demonstrated trophic magnification in the studied fish species. Finally, the estimated daily intake (EDI) was 0.18 ng/kg/day for adults, 0.17 ng/kg/day for teenager and children, and all corresponding margin of exposure (MOE) values were lager than 8 indicating relatively low human exposure risks from fish consumption. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fish

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Application study of three-dimensional printed navigation template between traditional and novel cortical bone trajectory on osteoporosis lumbar spine

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JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2021年 85卷 41-48页

作者： Shi, Wenjie Aierken, Gulixian Wang, Shuiquan Abuduwali, Nueraihemaiti Xia, Yudong Rezhake, Reyazuli zhao, shuwen Zhou, Mingbin Jianabuli Sheng, Weibin Rexiti, Paerhati Xinjiang Med Univ Urumqi 830054 Xinjiang Uygur Peoples R China Xinjiang Med Univ Dept Rheumatol & Immunol Affiliated Hosp 1 Urumqi 830054 Xinjiang Uygur Peoples R China Xinjiang Med Univ Dept Anat Coll Basic Med Urumqi 830054 Xinjiang Uygur Peoples R China Xinjiang Med Univ Dept Imaging Ctr Affiliated Hosp 1 Urumqi 830054 Xinjiang Uygur Peoples R China Xinjiang Med Univ Dept Spine Surg Affiliated Hosp 1 137 South Liyushan Rd Urumqi 830054 Xinjiang Uygur Peoples R China

To investigate the safety, accuracy and indications of traditional and novel cortical bone screws placement for osteoporosis lumbar spine, 4 lumbar vertebra specimens (2 males and 2 females) were used for this study. After the computed tomography scanning data of the above anatomical specimens were three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed, one side of each anatomical specimen was randomly chosen to place traditional cortical bone screws, and the other side received novel technical placement. The safety screw trajectory was designed, and a 3D navigation template complementary to the surface anatomical structure of lumbar isthmus lateral margin-vertebral plate-spinous process part was established. The designed supporting navigation template was substantialized, and the navigation template replicated different cortical bone screw trajectory at different sides of the same one lumbar vertebra. Forty cortical bone screws were firstly placed in 3D printed vertebra and then 40 were placed in real anatomical specimens. In 3D printed specimens, the success rates of screw placement with navigation template using traditional and novel techniques were both 100%. While in anatomical specimens, the success rate of screw placement using traditional and novel navigation template was 97.5% (one out of 40 went wrong). Therefore, it is safe, accurate and reliable to place traditional and novel cortical bone screws on osteoporosis lumbar spine using 3D printed navigation template. Traditional and novel screw placement methods should be flexibly applied or combined according to specific sequence and form of vertebra. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

关键词： Orthopedics implant Spinal implant Lumbar vertebra 3D printed technique Cortical bone screw trajectory technique CT 3D reconstruction

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蒙古黄芪不同生长期地上部饲用品质变化分析

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饲料研究 2025年第4期48卷 109-113页

作者：杨菲菲李冰圳赵淑文胡云张倩倩内蒙古农业大学草业学院内蒙古呼和浩特010018 内蒙古农业大学职业技术学院内蒙古包头014109

试验旨在研究蒙古黄芪地上部在各生长期的生长规律、营养品质及饲用价值。2023年5月开始收割蒙古黄芪地上部,于每月中旬进行地上部收割,连续收割5个月,直至9月完成采样工作,采用近红外光谱分析仪测定样品中的营养成分指标。结果显示,5—... 详细信息

试验旨在研究蒙古黄芪地上部在各生长期的生长规律、营养品质及饲用价值。2023年5月开始收割蒙古黄芪地上部,于每月中旬进行地上部收割,连续收割5个月,直至9月完成采样工作,采用近红外光谱分析仪测定样品中的营养成分指标。结果显示,5—7月为黄芪的茎叶生长期及开花期,地上部生长速度较快;而8—9月为黄芪根茎增粗期,地上部生长较慢。5月和6月黄芪地上部粗蛋白(CP)含量显著高于其他月份(P<0.05);7月和8月粗纤维(CF)和粗脂肪(EE)含量较高,6—7月中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量上升幅度最大;5月钙(Ca)、干物质(DM)含量最高,显著高于其他月份(P<0.05)。随着生长期推移,黄芪地上部体外干物质消化率(IVDMD)呈先上升后下降的趋势,在6月时达到峰值。与气候因子进行相关性分析发现,日照时长和相对湿度是影响黄芪地上部饲用价值的主要因素。研究表明,蒙古黄芪地上部营养成分含量及饲用品质在6—7月较佳。

关键词：蒙古黄芪非药用部位:饲用品质生长期

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Overview of the CMIP6 Historical Experiment Datasets with the Climate System Model CAS FGOALS-f3-L

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2020年第10期37卷 1057-1066页

作者： Yuyang GUO Yongqiang YU Pengfei LIN Hailong LIU Bian HE Qing BAO shuwen zhao and Xiaowei WANG State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Center for Ocean Mega-Science Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Yunnan University Kunming 650091China

The three-member historical simulations by the Chinese Academy of Sciences Flexible Global Ocean–Atmosphere–Land System model,version f3-L(CAS FGOALS-f3-L),which is contributing to phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6),are described in this *** details of the CAS FGOALS-f3-L model,experiment settings and output datasets are briefly *** datasets include monthly and daily outputs from the atmospheric,oceanic,land and sea-ice component models of CAS FGOALS-f3-L,and all these data have been published online in the Earth System Grid Federation(ESGF,https://***/projects/cmip6/).The three ensembles are initialized from the 600th,650th and 700th model year of the preindustrial experiment(piControl)and forced by the same historical forcing provided by CMIP6 from 1850 to *** performance of the coupled model is validated in comparison with some recent observed atmospheric and oceanic *** is shown that CAS FGOALS-f3-L is able to reproduce the main features of the modern climate,including the climatology of air surface temperature and precipitation,the long-term changes in global mean surface air temperature,ocean heat content and sea surface steric height,and the horizontal and vertical distribution of temperature in the ocean and ***,like other state-of-the-art coupled GCMs,there are still some obvious biases in the historical simulations,which are also *** paper can help users to better understand the advantages and biases of the model and the datasets。

关键词： CMIP6 historical simulation FGOALS-f3-L coupled model data description

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