We present new algorithms to detect and track multiple moving objects in a static surveillance video that uses MPEG-2 compression. The algorithm detects moving objects based on the location of field-based motion estim...
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(纸本)9781424479948
We present new algorithms to detect and track multiple moving objects in a static surveillance video that uses MPEG-2 compression. The algorithm detects moving objects based on the location of field-based motion estimated macroblocks in inter-prediction frames, and tracks their movements along video scene by using an extension of Kalman filter that uses the objects' velocity information. Experiments show that the algorithm outputs highly accurate results in various scenarios.
We present new algorithms to detect and track multiple moving objects in a static surveillance video that uses MPEG-2 compression. The algorithm detects moving objects based on the location of field-based motion estim...
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We present new algorithms to detect and track multiple moving objects in a static surveillance video that uses MPEG-2 compression. The algorithm detects moving objects based on the location of field-based motion estimated macroblocks in inter-prediction frames, and tracks their movements along video scene by using an extension of Kalman filter that uses the objects' velocity information. Experiments show that the algorithm outputs highly accurate results in various scenarios.
G protein-coupled receptor 4 (GPR4) belongs to the subfamily of proton-sensing GPCRs (psGPCRs), which detect pH changes in extracellular environment and regulate diverse physiological responses. GPR4 was found to be o...
G protein-coupled receptor 4 (GPR4) belongs to the subfamily of proton-sensing GPCRs (psGPCRs), which detect pH changes in extracellular environment and regulate diverse physiological responses. GPR4 was found to be overactivated in acidic tumor microenvironment as well as inflammation sites, with a triad of acidic residues within the transmembrane domain identified as crucial for proton sensing. However, the 3D structure remains unknown, and the roles of other conserved residues within psGPCRs are not well understood. Here we report cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of active zebrafish GPR4 at both pH 6.5 and 8.5, each highlighting a distribution of histidine and acidic residues at the extracellular region. Cell-based assays show that these ionizable residues moderately influence the proton-sensing capacity of zebrafish GPR4, compared to the more significant effects of the triad residues. Furthermore, we reveal a cluster of aromatic residues within the orthosteric pocket that may propagate the signaling to the intercellular region via repacking the aromatic patch at the central region. This study provides a framework for future signaling and functional investigation of psGPCRs.
AIDS is a disease of the human immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),remaining among the leading causes of death *** close association between HIV-1 and chemokine receptor 5(CCR5) has provided...
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AIDS is a disease of the human immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),remaining among the leading causes of death *** close association between HIV-1 and chemokine receptor 5(CCR5) has provided a greater understanding of how HIV-1 enters human ***5,identified as a major co-receptor for M-tropic HIV entry into host cells,plays an
The adenosine A(2A) receptor (A(2A)AR) is a prototypical member of the class A subfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that is widely distributed in various tissues and organs of the human body, and participa...
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The adenosine A(2A) receptor (A(2A)AR) is a prototypical member of the class A subfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that is widely distributed in various tissues and organs of the human body, and participates in many important signal-regulation processes. We have previously summarized a common activation pathway of class A GPCRs in which a series of conserved residues/motifs undergo conformational change during extracellular agonist binding and finally induce the coupling of intracellular G protein. Through this mechanism we have successfully predicted several novel constitutive active or inactive mutations for A(2A)AR. To reveal the molecular mechanism of mutation-induced constitutive activity, we determined the structure of a typical mutant I92N complexed with the agonist UK-432097. The mutated I92N forms a hydrophilic interaction network with nearby residues including Trp(6.48) of the CWxP motif, which is absent in wild-type A(2A)AR. Although the mutant structure is similar overall to the previously determined intermediate-state A(2A)AR structure (PDB ID 3qak) [Xu, Wu, Katritch, Han, Jacobson, Gao, Cherezov & Stevens (2011). Science, 332, 322-327], molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the I92N mutant stabilizes the metastable intermediate state through the hydrophilic interaction network and favors the conformational transition of the receptor towards the active state. This research provides a structural template towards the special pharmacological outcome triggered by conformational mutation and sheds light on future structural or pharmacological studies among class A GPCRs.
Antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation have represented a major public health concern to the treatment of infectious diseases. Photodynamic therapy can not only generate toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kil...
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Antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation have represented a major public health concern to the treatment of infectious diseases. Photodynamic therapy can not only generate toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill bacteria but also stimulate the immune response, which is less likely to induce bacterial resistance and represented as an effective antibacterial treatment. In this study, we presented a porphyrin (TPP) /ciprofloxacin (CIP) based supramolecular photosensitizer nanoparticles (TPP-CIP NPs) which could generate ROS, cascade release antibiotics, and trigger immune response for antibacterial, biofilm dispersion and wound healing via photodynamic-immunotherapy and enhanced antibiotic penetration. Upon light irradiation, the porphyrins in the system generated ROS and cleaved the thioketal linkers, releasing ciprofloxacin for killing antibiotic-sensitive bacteria that have developed because of the destruction of their external structure by ROS. Furthermore, the ROS simultaneously activated effective immune responses including the activation of dendritic cells and T cells. In vitro studies illustrated that the supramolecular nanoparticles exhibited effective antibacterial performance against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and biofilm dispersion capacity. In vivo studies confirmed TPP-CIP NPs possessed effective antibacterial effect and wound healing against methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus infection. This research provides a promising synergistic strategy for combating multi-drug resistant bacterial infections.
Introduction: Choriocarcinoma is a highly invasive gynaecologic malignancy. Molecular mechanism of metastasis in choriocarcinoma is poorly understood. Migration and invasion inhibitory protein (MIIP) regulates cell mi...
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Introduction: Choriocarcinoma is a highly invasive gynaecologic malignancy. Molecular mechanism of metastasis in choriocarcinoma is poorly understood. Migration and invasion inhibitory protein (MIIP) regulates cell migration and invasion. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the function of MIIP in ***: Choriocarcinoma cell lines, JAR and JEG-3, were transfected with lentivirus carrying the MIIP-inter-fering RNA (to downregulate MIIP expression) or left untransfected (negative control). Cell migration and in-vasion were studied using transwell migration assays and scratch assays. In vivo tumour burden was studied using tumour xenograft models in specific-pathogen-free nude mice and live imaging. We elucidated possible molecular signalling pathways using western ***: In transwell migration and scratch assays MIIP-downregulated JAR and JEG-3 cells migrated and invaded faster compared to their respective negative control cells. Migration and invasion by the MIIP-upregulated SWAN cells was slower than that by negative control SWAN cells. Live imaging revealed that bioluminescence values were higher in MIIP-downregulated tumours than in the negative control tumours. Mice with MIIP-down-regulated tumours had higher serum human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) levels than those with negative control tumours. The MIIP expression was negatively correlated with that of histone deacetylase (HDAC6) and positively correlated with that of acetylated ***: Thus, MIIP-by inhibiting cellular motility in choriocarcinoma-acts as a tumour suppressor gene. This highlights a potential therapeutic target for refractory choriocarcinoma. Additionally, HDAC6 and acety-lated alpha-tubulin may be involved in the regulatory effects of MIIP on the biobehaviour of choriocarcinoma cells.
Purpose: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune disease caused by neuromuscular junction (NMJ) dysfunction. Our current understanding of MG's inflammatory component remains poor. The systemic inflammatory ...
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Purpose: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune disease caused by neuromuscular junction (NMJ) dysfunction. Our current understanding of MG's inflammatory component remains poor. The systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) presents a promising yet unexplored biomarker for assessing MG severity. This study aimed to investigate the potential relationship between SIRI and MG disease severity. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical data from 171 MG patients admitted between January 2016 and June 2021. Patients with incomplete data, other autoimmune diseases, or comorbidities were excluded. Disease severity was evaluated using the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) classification and Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living (MG-ADL) on admission. The association between SIRI and disease severity was assessed through logistic regression analysis, along with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) comparisons with established inflammation indicators. Results: After exclusion, 143 patients were analyzed in our study. SIRI levels significantly differed between patients with higher and lower disease severity ( p < 0.001). Univariate logistic regression showed that SIRI had a significant effect on high disease severity (OR = 1.376, 95% CI 1.138-1.664, p = 0.001). This association remained significant even after adjusting for age, sex, disease duration, history of MG medication and thymoma (OR = 1.308, 95% CI 1.072-1.597, p = 0.008). Additionally, a positive correlation between SIRI and MG-ADL was observed (r = 0.232, p = 0.008). Significant interactions were observed between SIRI and immunosuppressor ( p interaction = 0.001) and intravenous immunoglobulin ( p interaction = 0.005). DCA demonstrated the superior net clinical benefit of SIRI compared to other markers when the threshold probability was around 0.2. Conclusion: Our findings indicate a strong independent association b
Background and Purpose: The dynamic systemic inflammation level and stroke-associated infection (SAI) are related to the prognosis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We aimed to explore whether the systemic inflammatory ...
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Background and Purpose: The dynamic systemic inflammation level and stroke-associated infection (SAI) are related to the prognosis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We aimed to explore whether the systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), systemic immune inflammation index (SII), and their dynamic changes possess predictability for SAI and long-term prognosis. Methods: A total of 1804 AIS patients without intravenous thrombolysis in two hospitals were included. We explored the relationship between SIRI, SII, and their dynamic changes and outcomes by constructing clusters. The mediating effects of SAI between prognosis and systemic inflammation were further evaluated. Results: Each SD increase in the concentration of SIRI exhibited a significant correlation with the risk of poor functional outcome, mortality, and functional dependency. Through K-means clustering analysis, patients with dramatically elevated or decreased systemic inflammation levels of SIRI (OR: 2.293, 95% CI: 1.279-4.109) and SII (OR: 3.165, 95% CI: 1.627-6.156) within 7 days had a higher risk of functional outcome. Through mediation analysis, SAI mediated the association between systemic inflammation and poor prognosis (SIRI: 33.73%, SII: 16.01%). Conclusion: Dramatically changing dynamics of SIRI and SII were significantly associated with a higher risk of poor prognosis in AIS patients. SAI mediated the association between systemic inflammation and prognosis at 1 year.
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