Background: Previously, twelve Rickettsia species were identified in ticks, fleas, sheep keds (Melophagus ovinus), bats (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) and a tick-bitten patient in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XU...
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Background: Previously, twelve Rickettsia species were identified in ticks, fleas, sheep keds (Melophagus ovinus), bats (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) and a tick-bitten patient in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR) in northwestern China. Here we aimed to molecularly detect rickettsial agents in red fox (Vulpes vulpes), marbled polecat (Vormela peregusna) and their ticks. Methods: During 2018-2019, 12 red foxes, one marbled polecat and their ticks were sampled in two counties and a city of the XUAR. The heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney of these 13 carnivores were dissected, followed by DNA extraction. Hard ticks were identified both morphologically and molecularly. All samples were examined for the presence of rickettsiae by amplifying four genetic markers (17-kDa, gltA, ompA, sca1). Results: A total of 26 adult ticks and 28 nymphs (38 Ixodes canisuga, nine Ixodes kaiseri, six Haemaphysalis erinacei and one Dermacentor marginatus) were collected from red foxes, and four Ha. erinacei ticks were removed from the marbled polecat. Analysis of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences indicated that 2-32 nucleotides differed between I. canisuga, I. kaiseri and Ha. erinacei from northwestern China and Europe. Rickettsia raoultii was detected in three red foxes, Candidatus Rickettsia barbariae in a red fox, Rickettsia sibirica in a red fox and a marbled polecat, and R. raoultii in two tick species (I. canisuga and D. marginatus). Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, I. canisuga and I. kaiseri have not been previously reported from red foxes in China. The DNA of R. sibirica and R. raoultii was detected for the first time in the organs of red foxes, and R. sibirica in the organs of a marbled polecat. This is also the first molecular evidence for the presence of R. raoultii in I. canisuga. Our findings expand the range of tick-borne pathogens in wildlife species and associated ticks in China.
Over the last decade, ferro-/piezo-electric materials have provided new directions to improve catalysis. However, current challenges that must be solved include secondary pollution by the piezoelectric particulates an...
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Over the last decade, ferro-/piezo-electric materials have provided new directions to improve catalysis. However, current challenges that must be solved include secondary pollution by the piezoelectric particulates and a limited potential for reuse and recyclability. Here, we report an efficient approach of using a piezoceramic-polymer porous foam to package barium strontium titanate (BST) particulates and prevent secondary pollution, while being able to maintain a high photo-piezo-catalytic performance after 10 cycles of repeated catalytic reactions. The photo-piezo-catalysis achieves a 97.8% dye degradation and an enhanced performance of 275% when compared to individual photocatalysis by light irradiation or periodic low-frequency mechanical squeezing alone. It is suggested the photo-piezo-catalytic coupling effect combines the advantages of increased generated electron-hole pairs and the induced piezoelectric electric field leads to a higher degree of electron-hole separation. The BST-PDMS porous foam for photo-piezo-catalysis offers a potential approach in wastewater degradation via utilizing both solar energy and environmental mechanical sources.
This study investigated the effect of a hawthorn polyphenol extract (HPE) on ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced damage in HaCaT cells and mice. High-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spect...
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This study investigated the effect of a hawthorn polyphenol extract (HPE) on ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced damage in HaCaT cells and mice. High-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze the phenolic composition of HPE. The protective effects of HPE and its main components were compared in HaCaT cells. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect DNA damage (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels). Flow cytometry and western blotting were used to measure the extent of apoptosis and the levels of apoptosis-related proteins, respectively. Treatment with HPE or its polyphenol components inhibited the UVB-induced damage by removing an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reducing DNA damage and p53 activation, regulating the protein expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 family members toward antiapoptotic ratios, and reducing caspase activation. Similar effects were observed in a UVB-irradiated mouse skin, as detected using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting assays. These results suggest that HPE can be used as a natural dietary supplement for the prevention and treatment of UVB radiation-induced skin damage.
背景:髋、膝关节置换显著提高了患者的生活质量,但假体周围感染一直是该手术最严重的并发症,也是关节外科领域极具挑战性的问题之一。目的:从髋、膝关节假体周围感染的病因、流行病学、风险因素、诊断和治疗方法方面进行概述,重点介绍诊断和治疗方法,旨在为临床治疗髋、膝关节假体周围关节感染提供参考。方法:检索Pub Med数据库、Web of Science数据库、中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库中从建库至2021年出版的文献,按与髋、膝关节假体周围感染诊断和治疗相关的入选标准,进行人工筛选和分析,排除与主题相关性差、重复及陈旧的文献,纳入研究的文献包括研究原著、综述、临床试验、荟萃分析、病例报告等。共检索到890篇参考文献,排除与主题相关性差、重复及陈旧的文献后,最终纳入97篇文献。结果与结论:对这些文献进行归纳和分析后发现:(1)髋、膝关节假体周围感染目前没有明确的诊断和治疗标准;(2)当前的诊断标准对髋、膝关节假体周围感染诊断的敏感性和特异性仍然较低,需要开发更准确、更简单、更快速的诊断方法;(3)Ⅱ期翻修仍然是髋、膝关节假体周围感染治疗的金标准,具有适应证广、感染根除率高的优势;(4)近年来,针对抑制和破坏细菌生物膜的生物治疗正逐渐成为一种新兴的治疗方法,但多处于基础研究,临床应用还不普遍,其远期疗效和安全性仍有待进一步验证。
This study used two modelling approaches to predict future urban landscape for the Baltimore- Washington metropolitan areas. In the first approach, we implemented traditional SLEUTH urban simulation model by using pub...
This study used two modelling approaches to predict future urban landscape for the Baltimore- Washington metropolitan areas. In the first approach, we implemented traditional SLEUTH urban simulation model by using publicly available and locally-developed land cover and transportation data. Historical land cover data from 1996, 2001, 2006, and 2011 were used to calibrate SLEUTH model and predict urban growth from 2011 to 2070. SLEUTH model achieved 94.9% of overall accuracy for a validation year of 2014. For the second modelling approach, we predicted future county-level population (e. g., 2050) using historical population data and time-series forecasting. We then used future population projection of 2050, aided by strong population-imperviousness statistical relationship (R 2, 0.78-0.86), to predict total impervious surface area for each county. These population-predicted total impervious surface areas were compared to SLEUTH model output, at the county-aggregated spatial scale. For most counties, SLEUTH generated substantially higher number of impervious pixels. An annual urban growth rate of 6.24% for SLEUTH model was much higher than the population-based approach (1.33%), suggesting a large discrepancy between these two modelling approaches. The SLEUTH simulation model, although achieved high accuracy for 2014 validation, may have over-predicted urban growth for our study area. For population-predicted impervious surface area, we further developed a lookup table approach to integrate SLEUTH out and generated spatially explicit urban map for 2050. This lookup table approach has high potential to integrate population- predicted and SLEUTH-predicted urban landscape, especially when future population can be predicted with reasonable accuracy.
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