The primary issues for the popularization of electric vehicles are low energy density, short life, high cost, and long charging time of battery. In an extended-range electric vehicle, a range-extender is applied to re...
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The primary issues for the popularization of electric vehicles are low energy density, short life, high cost, and long charging time of battery. In an extended-range electric vehicle, a range-extender is applied to realize the on-board electricity generation avoiding the range anxiety;and a large capacity battery and public charging facilities are not necessary. A primary issue is lack of an efficient range-extender that is light, compact and silent. The main reasons are that the efficiencies of range-extended engines now available are low;and the efficiency optimum operating points of the range-extended engines and generators are not matched. A 3-cylidner gasoline spark-ignition engine for an application in a range-extender has been investigated. Atkinson cycle, exhaust gas recirculation and gasoline direct injection are applied to suppress the knocking. At most cases, a range-extender engine has only a most frequent operating point. All design parameters and operating variables of the range-extender engine can be optimized around the single operating point to maximize the efficiency while matching to the highest efficiency point of a range-extender generator. For this purpose, an optimization and matching method by combing artificial neural network and genetic algorithm has been investigated. The optimization and matching for a range-extender engine, with no generator constraint and with three different constraints of generator efficiency maps, have been conducted. The results show that both the operating points and the optimal parameters of the range-extender engine are different under the different generator constraints. A higher maximum thermal efficiency of the range-extender engine can be achieved as the power requirement decreases. The maximum efficiency of the range-extender engine can reach 40.2%, which is because of the application of high geometrical compression ratio, exhaust gas recirculation, Atkinson cycle and single-point optimization of all paramet
Temperature sensitivity (Q(10)) is important to reveal carbon decomposition responding to climate change. It's remains limited to understand how Q(10) of anaerobic soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition is regula...
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Temperature sensitivity (Q(10)) is important to reveal carbon decomposition responding to climate change. It's remains limited to understand how Q(10) of anaerobic soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition is regulated by soil property in various wetlands with distinct hydrological characteristics. In the present study, samples of soil at the depths of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm were collected in three typical Phragmites australis marshes, including a freshwater marsh (FPa), a no-tidal salt marsh (NTPa) and a tidal salt marsh (TPa), in the Yellow River estuary. The soil samples were incubated at 10 degrees C, 20 degrees C and 30 degrees C, respectively, to determine the rates of anaerobic CO2 production, Q(10) values, and their relations to soil properties. Over 70-d incubation, temperature rise significantly increased the mean rates by 70%-136% (from 10 degrees C to 20 degrees C) and 64%-142% (from 20 degrees C to 30 degrees C) among the marshes, with the mean Q(10) values ranging from 1.61 to 2.66. The rates of CO2 production and Q(10) values were significantly affected by wetland type and soil depth. Among marshes, the Q(10) of the FPa and NTPa soils was higher than that of the TPa soil (for 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm but for 20-30 cm);along soil depths, the Q(10) of the top soil was higher than that of the subsoil (for FPa and NTPa but for TPa). Q(10) was affected by total organic carbon (TOC), salinity and pH, and the effects were different with marshes. TOC was a main factor regulating Q(10) for the freshwater and the no-tidal salt marshes, while salinity and pH were main factors for the tidal salt marsh. The findings highlight an interactive mechanism of soil property and tidal underlying the response of SOM decomposition to temperature change in estuarine wetlands.
Ovarian cancer is prone to recurrence and chemotherapy resistance. Ovarian tumours of some patients have been positive for anaplastic lymphoma kinase fusion gene expression (ALK+). Preclinical studies indicate that an...
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Ovarian cancer is prone to recurrence and chemotherapy resistance. Ovarian tumours of some patients have been positive for anaplastic lymphoma kinase fusion gene expression (ALK+). Preclinical studies indicate that anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitor can suppress the growth of ovarian cancer cells and transplantation tumours. Here, we present a patient with metastatic ALK+ high-grade serous ovarian cancer that testing positive for EML4-ALK (microtubule-associated protein-like 4 gene, fused to the anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene), experienced dramatic benefit after administration of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitor alectinib. This is the first clinical evidence that treatment with alectinib may provide a personalized maximum benefit for patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer who are positive for EML4-ALK.
In this paper, the influence of antenna height on microwave propagation in evaporation duct is investigated, both from numerical simulation and experimental observation. Comparisons of microwave propagation with diffe...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781728154466
In this paper, the influence of antenna height on microwave propagation in evaporation duct is investigated, both from numerical simulation and experimental observation. Comparisons of microwave propagation with different antenna heights under different conditions, such as different evaporation duct heights (EDHs) and signal frequencies, are presented At distinct conditions, the corresponding optimal antenna heights are not the same. When the EDH is low, microwaves cannot be trapped and propagate in the evaporation duct layer. The higher the antenna height, the smaller the path loss. For the case when the evaporation duct can trap microwaves well, a low antenna is more suitable for the propagation of microwaves in the evaporation duct layer. However, the optimal antenna height varies for different EDHs and frequencies. The influence of antenna height on microwave propagation was observed in the experiment held in the northern part of the South China Sea in December 2013. The experiment result shows that under good evaporation duct conditions, the path loss at antenna height 3 m are 10 dB lower in average than that at 6 in.
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