Previously, we have reported that interleukin- 1 beta ( IL- 1) induces changes in dopaminergic ( DA) and serotonergic systems in the core of nucleus accumbens ( NAc). We have also demonstrated that n-3 fatty acid ethy...
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Previously, we have reported that interleukin- 1 beta ( IL- 1) induces changes in dopaminergic ( DA) and serotonergic systems in the core of nucleus accumbens ( NAc). We have also demonstrated that n-3 fatty acid ethyl-eicosapentaenoate ( EPA) can significantly reduce stress and anxiety- like behaviors, corticosterone concentration and peripheral inflammatory response induced by IL- 1 administration. Compared to the core, the shell is involved more in emotion, stress and psychiatric diseases. However, the relationship between inflammation and the functions of DA system in the shell has not been studied. Since phospholipase ( PL) A2 is a key enzyme in arachidonic acid ( AA)- eicosanoids- prostaglandin ( PG) E2 pathway, and the change in NAc dopaminergic system has been associated with glucocorticoid stimulation, therefore, the hypotheses of this study are ( 1) that IL- 1 induced changes in DA neurotransmission in the shell may be through PLA2- PGE2- corticosterone pathway;( 2) EPA may attenuate IL- 1 effects via inhibiting PLA2 activities, which blocks PGE2 stimulation of corticosterone. Using an in vivo microdialysis method, the present study showed that IL- 1 administration significantly increased extracellular levels of DA, and its metabolites 3,4- dihydroxyphenylacetic acid ( DOPAC) and homovanillic acid ( HVA) in the shell of the NAc. IL- 1 also increased blood concentration of corticosterone and PGE2, and increased the activities of cytosolic and sectory of PLA2. IL- 1- induced changes were significantly attenuated by EPA treatment. Furthermore, glucorcoticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone ( RU486) pretreatment significantly blocked IL- 1- induced changes in DA and metabolites. Qquinacrine, a PLA2 antagonist significantly blocked IL- 1 induced increase in PGE2 and corticosterone concentrations. These results demonstrated the hypotheses that IL- 1 effects may be via PLA2- PGE2- corticosterone pathway and EPA attenuated IL- 1 effects may be through the suppres
The upwelling area in the Changjiang Estuary was selected to collect the core, where the red tide occurred frequently and hypoxic existed. The total organic carbon （TOC）, total nitrogen （TN）, biogenic silica （BSi...
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The upwelling area in the Changjiang Estuary was selected to collect the core, where the red tide occurred frequently and hypoxic existed. The total organic carbon （TOC）, total nitrogen （TN）, biogenic silica （BSi） and stable organic carbon isotopic ratios（δ13 Corg） were determined on the 210pb-dated sediment core. The concentrations of TOC, TN, BSi as well as their sedimentation fluxes have in- creased to some extent since the 1970s. TOC and TN fluxes increased about 45%, 36% respectively. The average δ13 Coorg value in the core was -23.67 ×10^-3 which remained nearly constant before the 20 century. The δ13 Corg values increased after the 1900s, two marked increases were observed from the 1950s and the 1970s. A simple δ13 Cors model was used to estimate the contribution of terrigenous and marine organic matter inputs for the sediment, which indicated the increase in accumulation since the 1970s has been almost exclusively marine. The increasing of marine organic matter accumulation （TOC, TN and BSi） was corresponding with the increasing of fertilizer consumption and the NO3-N budgets from the Changjiang River. The riverine runoff of fertilizers and nutrients stimulated the algae blooming. Enhanced primary production resulted in an enrichment of organic matter in the sediment. These data support the hypothesis that anthropogenic nutrient loading has been a significant factor on the eutrophication in the Changjiang Estuary.
In the adhesive postinstalled method, headed anchor is anchored into concrete by means of a high strength epoxy resin adhesive. To measure the concrete compressive strength, the metal anchor is "pulled" from...
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In the adhesive postinstalled method, headed anchor is anchored into concrete by means of a high strength epoxy resin adhesive. To measure the concrete compressive strength, the metal anchor is "pulled" from the concrete. There occur four types of failure when the metal anchor is pulled out. This paper introduces the rationale of the adhesive postinstalled method to estimate the in-place concrete strength. The embedment depth and the diameter of the reaction ring are specified by experimental phenomenon and theoretical analysis.
The quality characteristics of mine drainage with high turbidity were described on the basis of investigating the particle size distribution, the characteristics of suspended particle surface, and the coagulating char...
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The quality characteristics of mine drainage with high turbidity were described on the basis of investigating the particle size distribution, the characteristics of suspended particle surface, and the coagulating characteristics in mine drainage, and the influencing factors on the affinity between coagulants and suspended particles in mine drainage treatment were analyzed. The results show that the suspended particles in mine drainage mainly consist of coal and rock grains with small size and negative electric charge which make them hard to naturally subside. As the coal rank goes to higher, the wettability of coal grains and the affinity between coal and coagulants decreases gradually.
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