This study was designed to evaluate the effects of total flavonoids extracted from the leaves of Murraya paniculata (L) Jack (TFMP) on diabetic nephropathy. High fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were ...
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This study was designed to evaluate the effects of total flavonoids extracted from the leaves of Murraya paniculata (L) Jack (TFMP) on diabetic nephropathy. High fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated with the TFMP (35 or 70 mg/kg) for 13 weeks. Changes of renal function parameters were examined at the end of administration. Some kidneys were collected for histological and immunohistochemistry studies, the other ones for biochemical parameters analysis. TFMP significantly decreased the levels of serum blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, interleukin-6, urinary albumin, 24 h-urinary albumin excretion rate, kidney weight to body weight ratio and fasting blood glucose in diabetic rats. Meanwhile, the levels of triglycerides, total and LDL cholesterols in the TFMP treated diabetic rats were lower and the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was higher than that in the diabetic rats. TFMP treatment significantly blocked the decrease of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and increase of malondialdehyde levels in diabetic rats. Furthermore, the TFMP not only decreased the expression of TGF-beta 1 and CTGF protein, but also reduced diabetes-induced morphological alterations of the kidney. These results suggest that TFMP is a protective agent against renal damage in diabetic nephropathy. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Vitamin D supplementation is regarded as a novel approach to treat Alzheimer's disease, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. The cytokine IL-34 provides strong neuroprotective and survival signals in brai...
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Vitamin D supplementation is regarded as a novel approach to treat Alzheimer's disease, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. The cytokine IL-34 provides strong neuroprotective and survival signals in brain injury and neurodegeneration and could be an immunological mediator for the vitamin D-induced protection. The aim of this study was to investigate whether human IL-34 is up-regulated in neuronal cells by the hormonally active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)(2)D-3]. We found that IL-34 was detectable in a variety of cell lines and its expression was strongly induced in SH-SY5Y neural cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner by 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Furthermore, we identified the core promoter of IL-34 gene and a VDR binding site (CGCCCT) that was required for 1,25(OH)(2)D-3-induced IL-34 expression. These findings suggest that the induction of IL-34 expression by 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 may constitute a mechanism that explains the protective function of vitamin D in Alzheimer's disease.
Manginoids A-G (1-7), seven monoterpene-shikimate-conjugated meroterpenoids with a spiro ring system, were isolated from Guignardia mangiferae. Compounds 1-4 are four isomers with epimeric and double-bond isomeric fea...
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Manginoids A-G (1-7), seven monoterpene-shikimate-conjugated meroterpenoids with a spiro ring system, were isolated from Guignardia mangiferae. Compounds 1-4 are four isomers with epimeric and double-bond isomeric features possessing a 6-oxaspiro[bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-3,5 '-indene] ring, which represent the first examples of spiro meroterpenoids bearing a bridged spirocyclohexanedione moiety. Compounds 5 and 6 possess an unexpected 2,4-dioxatricyclo[3.3.1.0(3,7)]nonane motif, which fuses with a 6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane moiety. Compound 1 exhibits inhibitory activities against 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 with an IC50 value of 0.84 mu M.
An exceptionally simple and environmentally friendly methodology has been developed for directly functionalizing the benzylic C-H bond of the poly-substituted pyridines with aromatic imines. Simple Bronsted acid catal...
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An exceptionally simple and environmentally friendly methodology has been developed for directly functionalizing the benzylic C-H bond of the poly-substituted pyridines with aromatic imines. Simple Bronsted acid catalysts including salicylic acid and TsOH were successfully employed. Different types of poly-substituted pyridines could be efficiently obtained with moderate yields. Traditional ways to such types of pyridines involved the aromatization of the corresponding Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines, while this method greatly simplified the synthetic procedures. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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