In this study, the characterizations of soot from ceramic furnace flue gas were studied using environmental scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, particle size distribution, specific surface ar...
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In this study, the characterizations of soot from ceramic furnace flue gas were studied using environmental scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, particle size distribution, specific surface area measurements, crystal characterizations and organic pollutant analysis. Soot particles were mainly spherical nanoparticles with diameters less than 100 nm. However, the particles could be aggregated into larger ones with a median diameter of 3.66 mu m. Nanometer pores with diameters ranging 2-4 nm were also detected in the soot particles. Because of their large surface areas and pore volumes, other pollutants in the environment can be adsorbed to soot particles potentially making them more hazardous. Several elements, including C, O and Pb, were detected in the soot, but only small amounts of crystalline materials were observed. This is because most of the detected carbon and metals/metal oxides/metal salts were amorphous. Approximately 90 different organic pollutants were detected in the soot, including aromatic compounds and other hydrocarbons. Because of the carcinogenic properties of aromatic compounds and the photochemical effects of hydrocarbons, soot could have serious health and environmental impacts. The results suggest that soot particles are hazardous material and urgently need to be controlled. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Objective There are limited treatment options for cartilage defects in clinical practice due to the lack of suitable ***, we evaluated the effects of type Ⅱ collagen sponge on the articular cartilage repairing proces...
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Objective There are limited treatment options for cartilage defects in clinical practice due to the lack of suitable ***, we evaluated the effects of type Ⅱ collagen sponge on the articular cartilage repairing process using a cartilage injury of a rabbit knee joint *** showed that the type Ⅱ collagen sponges generated from our modified method appeared to have a suitable pore size of 93.26 ± 38.4 micron for chondrocyte *** with H&E staining results demonstrated that the effusion absorption in the type Ⅱ collagen sponge treated group was quicker than that of the control group.
In this paper, we study the performance of the multiple-input multiple-output macrodiversity transmission with limited feedback. The downlink scenario, where multiple transmitters serve the user simultaneously, is con...
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In this paper, we study the performance of the multiple-input multiple-output macrodiversity transmission with limited feedback. The downlink scenario, where multiple transmitters serve the user simultaneously, is considered. We find it necessary to modify the model of the quantized channel by Jinal (2006) such that the phase ambiguity in the vector quantization procedure can be characterized. Using the modified model, we show that the conventional limited feedback methods cannot obtain the macrodiversity gain even when the size of the codebook is asymptotically large, and that the macrodiversity gain can be attained by adding only one bit of phase feedback. Our analysis can apply to both random vector quantization and any fixed codebook setup, and is verified by the simulation results.
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