We examined the correlations between winter aerosol optical depth (AOD) in North China (NC) and three synoptic-scale meteorological indices from 2001 to 2016, including the Siberian High intensity (SHI), East Asian Wi...
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We examined the correlations between winter aerosol optical depth (AOD) in North China (NC) and three synoptic-scale meteorological indices from 2001 to 2016, including the Siberian High intensity (SHI), East Asian Winter Monsoon intensity (EAWMI), and the Siberian High Position index (SHPI). To separate the influences from meteorology and emissions, NC AOD was detrended by subtracting a linear increasing trend from 2001 to 2013 and a decreasing trend from 2014 to 2016, in correspondence with reported changes in Chinese anthropogenic emissions during the same period. The SHPI explains 37% of the variability in the detrended NC AOD and 83% of the high SHPI winters correspond to high AOD. By contrast, the SHI and EAWMI show little correlation with the observed AOD variability. To project the SHPI in the future climate, we used the ensemble of six global circulation models (GCMs) which were found capable of reproducing the climatic spatial distribution and the longitudinal variability of the Siberian High from 1956 to 2005. The ensemble results show that the frequency of high SHPI winters and consequently more polluted conditions would increase by 29%, 61%, and 100% under RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 until 2099. There are 11 out of the 25 GCMs examined here that project the possibility of high SHPI conditions to increase under RCP8.5. This indicates changes in the Siberian High position induced by increasing global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions can lead to more winter pollution in North China in the future.
Objectives To provide a comprehensive study of the intervention mechanism and compatible regularity of Chaihu Shu Gan San (CSGS) in a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression model. Methods Ethologi...
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Objectives To provide a comprehensive study of the intervention mechanism and compatible regularity of Chaihu Shu Gan San (CSGS) in a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression model. Methods Ethological study and ELISA assay were applied to measure the phenotypes of depression after CUMS stimulate and assess the antidepressant activity of fluoxetine, CSGS and its compatibilities. The serum metabolic profile changes were revealed by untargeted Q/TOF MS-based metabolomics followed by multivariate statistical analysis. Key findings CSGS exhibits an significant intervention effect on CUMS-induced depression. After the multivariate statistical analysis, 17 potential serum biomarkers were identified and 16 of them could be regulated by CSGS. The intervention of CSGS on CUMS-induced depression involved five key pathways. Moreover, each functional unit (monarch, minister, assistant and guide medicine) in CSGS regulates different metabolites and metabolic pathways to achieve different effects on antidepressant;however, their intervention efficacies are inferior to the holistic formula, which may be due to the synergism of bioactive ingredients in the seven herbs of CSGS. Conclusions CSGS produced an obvious antidepressant activity. The comprehensive and holistic metabolomics approach could be a powerful tool to study the intervention mechanism and the compatibility rule of traditional Chinese medicine.
Favorable facility layouts could effectively improve production efficiency, reduce production cost, and improve comprehensive competitiveness. Take the inefficient workshop facility layout of the H Company as an examp...
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Favorable facility layouts could effectively improve production efficiency, reduce production cost, and improve comprehensive competitiveness. Take the inefficient workshop facility layout of the H Company as an example, the paper studies both transportation and processing cycle for raw materials of its main products, records statistically transport distances and transport weights for each raw material in each processing workshop, and discovers principal issues in the transportation and processing cycle for the H Company. This paper adopts the Systematic Layout Planning(SLP) approach to optimize the layout design of the H Company, and compares non-optimized layout scheme with optimized one from qualitative and quantitative analysis aspect by using the analytic hierarchy process approach. The results show that the application of SLP approach in the H Company could enhance obviously the performance of its workshop facility layout.
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