In conjunction with economic growth, improving the quality of life for its citizens is a central concern for the Chinese government. Energy poverty, a topic closely linked to people's quality of life, has garnered...
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In conjunction with economic growth, improving the quality of life for its citizens is a central concern for the Chinese government. Energy poverty, a topic closely linked to people's quality of life, has garnered global attention. This study examines the relationship between marketization and energy poverty by constructing provincial-level panel data using the fixed effect model. To address endogeneity, the instrumental variable method is further employed. The study obtains two major findings. First, the study reveals a significant upward trend in marketization in China in recent years, with a concomitant decrease in energy poverty. Here, the causal (and negative) effects of marketization on energy poverty are identified. Second, the mechanism analysis shows that this effect operates through (i) improvements in the quantity of energy supply (rather than energy supply efficiency), (ii) the accumulation of human capital that promotes the use of clean energy, and (iii) an increase in people's income. This study makes three key contributions. First, it empirically analyzes the impact of marketization on energy poverty from a macro-perspective. Second, it systematically discusses the pathways through which marketization operates. Third, drawing on several theories, it provides a deeper understanding of the theoretical connection between marketization and energy poverty.
Organic donor-acceptor cocrystals of pi-conjugated molecues have shown diverse applications in materials science. However, most cocrystals exist in neutral forms dominated by pi-pi interactions, while the ionic congen...
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Organic donor-acceptor cocrystals of pi-conjugated molecues have shown diverse applications in materials science. However, most cocrystals exist in neutral forms dominated by pi-pi interactions, while the ionic congeners and corresponding properties are rarely studied due to difficulties in harnessing the degree of charge transfer. Herein, we report cocrystals of axially N-embedded quasi-carbon nanohoops (DPP-D and DPP-T) with electron deficient guests. By modulating the electron affinity of the acceptor guests, the electronic structures of the complexes can be tuned from neutral to ionic states. Specifically, DPP-D interacts with TCNB molecules to form neutral superstructures via intermolecular pi-pi interactions, giving rise to a deep-red emission in the solid state. In contrast, an ionic complex showing near-infrared region absorptions and paramagnetic character on account of strong charge-transfer interactions is generated when DDQ molecules are involved. Their unique properties can be explained by different degrees of charge transfer and assembly modes, which have clearly been manifested by crystal structures and theoretical calculations. Our studies provide rare examples of pi-conjugated macrocycle-based donor-acceptor cocrystals in both neutral and ionic forms, and give insight to the design of multicomponent carbon nanomaterials.
Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are involved in multiple aspects of plant life, including plant growth, development, and response to environmental stimuli. They are also vital for the formation of secondary metabolites...
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Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are involved in multiple aspects of plant life, including plant growth, development, and response to environmental stimuli. They are also vital for the formation of secondary metabolites in various plants. Salvia miltiorrhiza is a famous herbal medicine and has been used commonly for > 2000 years in China, as well as widely used in many other countries. S. miltiorrhiza is extensively used to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in clinical practices and has specific merit against various diseases. Owing to its outstanding medicinal and commercial potential, S. miltiorrhiza has been extensively investigated as an ideal model system for medicinal plant biology. Tanshinones and phenolic acids are primary pharmacological constituents of S. miltiorrhiza. As the growing market for S. miltiorrhiza, the enhancement of its bioactive compounds has become a research hotspot. S. miltiorrhiza exhibits a significant response to various PGRs in the production of phenolic acids and tanshinones. Here, we briefly review the biosynthesis and signal transduction of PGRs in plants. The effects and mechanisms of PGRs on bioactive compound production in S. miltiorrhiza are systematically summarized and future research is discussed. This article provides a scientific basis for further research, cultivation, and metabolic engineering in S. miltiorrhiza.
The conversion of stearic acid into linear hydrocarbons is a crucial step in advancing sustainable biofuels and biochemicals. Herein, we developed a series of cobalt-based catalysts (referred to as Co/C@TSC) using met...
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The conversion of stearic acid into linear hydrocarbons is a crucial step in advancing sustainable biofuels and biochemicals. Herein, we developed a series of cobalt-based catalysts (referred to as Co/C@TSC) using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as precursors and supporting them on biochar derived from natural tung shells (TSC). Tung shells, a byproduct of the tung oil extraction process, are widely available. The as-designed Co/C@TSC catalyst effectively deoxygenated stearic acid via decarbonylation/decarboxylation (DCO x ) processes, achieving a conversion of 78.5% and hydrocarbon product selectivity of 90%, specifically heptadecane and heptadecene. Our detailed analysis showed that the addition of biochar support improved the spatial distribution of cobalt species (with a high surface concentration of Co0) and enhanced the adsorption of reactants, thus boosting catalytic activity. Additionally, in situ DRIFTS analysis confirmed that the stearic acid deoxygenation process involved the intermolecular dehydration of stearic acid molecules. Experiments with different reaction substrates revealed that the stearic anhydride was a key reaction intermediate during the deoxygenation process. This study introduces a novel catalyst made from dual carbon-supported nonprecious metals, presenting a promising method for transforming stearic acid into valuable hydrocarbon products.
Low planting density and irrational nitrogen (N) fertilization are two common practices in conventional cropping of smallholder maize production in Huanghuaihai region of China. A 2-year field experiment was carried o...
Low planting density and irrational nitrogen (N) fertilization are two common practices in conventional cropping of smallholder maize production in Huanghuaihai region of China. A 2-year field experiment was carried out to study the effects of N application and planting density on maize phenology, dry matter accumulation, profit, yield, N uptake and efficiency indices. The experiments included three N application levels (120 kg ha(-1), N1;180 kg ha(-1), N2;240 kg ha(-1), N3) and three planting densities (60,000 plants ha(-1), D1;75,000 plants ha(-1), D2;90,000 plants ha(-1), D3). Increasing N input and planting density delayed the physiological maturity and enhanced dry matter accumulation. Comparing with the traditional N3 level, grain yield and profit were kept stable at N2 level and decreased at N1 level, partial factor productivity of applied N (PFPN) and nitrogen efficiency ratio (NER) were increased with the decreasing of N level. Comparing with the traditional D1 density, grain yield, profit and PFPN were increased at D2 density and then kept stable at D3 density, NER was kept stable at D2 density and then decreased at D3 density. Based on the predicted maximum profit, the optimal combinations of N application and planting density were 199 kg ha(-1) and 81,081 plants ha(-1) in 2017, and 205 kg ha(-1) and 84,782 plants ha(-1) in 2018. The two optimal combinations had an increase of 17.6% for grain yield, 39.8% for PEPN, 3.6% for NRE than the traditional N3D1 treatment. Therefore, an appropriate combination of increased planting density with reduced N application could enhance profit and nitrogen use of summer maize in Huanghuaihai region of China.
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), one of the most challenging cancers, is uniquely characterized by a biological barrier composed of multiple components in the extracellular matrix, preventing penetration of ch...
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Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), one of the most challenging cancers, is uniquely characterized by a biological barrier composed of multiple components in the extracellular matrix, preventing penetration of chemotherapeutic agents and hindering clinical drug treatment. Collagen I arrangement is critical. In this study, gemcitabine is chosen as the chemotherapeutic agent and dasatinib as the collagen-I-disrupting agent. When collagen I arrangement is disrupted, not only the chemotherapeutic drug enters the tumor area better, but the infiltration of CD8+ T cells into the tumor also increases. Therefore, a hypoxia-responsive linker-crosslinked polymer, DGD/L@GBI, is designed, which can be simultaneously loaded with two therapeutic agents, gemcitabine and dasatinib. The polymer is encapsulated by nucleic acid aptamers that target the PDAC stromal microenvironment and shield the surface. The aptamer is removed upon arrival at the PDAC hypoxic microenvironment, exposing the positively charged core to achieve charge reversal. Particle size transformation is achieved using linkers that respond to a hypoxic microenvironment. Increased intratumoral penetration is achieved using the dual transformation capabilities of the formulation. Pairing these two agents can result in a powerful efficacy in chemotherapy sensitization and immune infiltration.
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