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Geospatial and contextual approaches to energy balance and health

Annals of GIS 2015年第2期21卷 157-168页

作者： Berrigan, David Hipp, J. Aaron Hurvitz, Philip M. James, Peter Jankowska, Marta M. Kerr, Jacqueline Laden, Francine Leonard, Tammy McKinnon, Robin A. Powell-Wiley, Tiffany M. Tarlov, Elizabeth Zenk, Shannon N. the trec spatial and contextual measures and modeling work group Applied Research Program Division of Cancer Control Population Sciences National Cancer Institute Bethesda 20892 MD United States Brown School Prevention Research Center in St. Louis Washington University in St. Louis One Brookings Drive Campus Box 1196 St. Louis 63130 MO United States Urban Form Lab Department of Urban Design and Planning College of Built Environments University of Washington Box 354802 Seattle 98195-4802 WA United States Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology Harvard TH CHAN School of Public Health 401 Park Drive Boston 02215 MA United States Department of Family Medicine and Public Health University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive-0628 La Jolla 92093-0628 CA United States Economics Department University of Dallas 1845 East Northgate Drive Irving 75062-4736 TX United States Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch Division of Intramural Research National Heart Lung Blood Institute Bethesda 20892 MD United States Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare Hines VA Hospital Hines 60141 IL United States College of Nursing University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago 60612 IL United States

In the past 15 years, a major research enterprise has emerged that is aimed at understanding associations between geographic and contextual features of the environment (especially the built environment) and elements of human energy balance, including diet, weight and physical activity. Here we highlight aspects of this research area with a particular focus on research and opportunities in the United States as an example. We address four main areas: (1) the importance of valid and comparable data concerning behaviour across geographies;(2) the ongoing need to identify and explore new environmental variables;(3) the challenge of identifying the causally relevant context;and (4) the pressing need for stronger study designs and analytical methods. Additionally, we discuss existing sources of geo-referenced health data which might be exploited by interdisciplinary research teams, personnel challenges and some aspects of funding for geospatial research by the US National Institutes of Health in the past decade, including funding for international collaboration and training opportunities. © 2015 Taylor & Francis.

关键词： contextual energy balance geospatial obesity physical activity spatial

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