A single stimulus leading to multiple responses is an essential function of many biological networks, which enable complex life activities. However, it is challenging to duplicate a similar chemical reaction network (...
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A single stimulus leading to multiple responses is an essential function of many biological networks, which enable complex life activities. However, it is challenging to duplicate a similar chemical reaction network (CRN) using non-living chemicals, aiming at the disclosure of the origin of life. Herein, we report a nanozyme-based CRN with feedback and feedforward functions for the first time. It demonstrates multiple responses at different modes and intensities upon a single H2O2 stimulus. In the two-electron cascade oxidation of 3,3 ',5,5 '-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), the endogenous product H2O2 competitively inhibited substrates in the first one-electron oxidation reaction on a single-atom nanozyme (Co-N-CNTs) and strikingly accelerated the second one-electron oxidation reaction under a micellar nanozyme. As a proof-of-concept, we further confined the nanozymatic network to a microfluidic chip as a simplified artificial cell. It exhibited remarkable selectivity and linearity in the perception of H2O2 stimulus against more than 20 interferences in a wide range of concentrations (0.01-100 mM) and offered an instructive platform for studying primordial life-like processes.
Following decades of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the transportation industry, most car companies will stop producing petrol cars and promote the development of new energy vehicles in the near future, even in ...
Following decades of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the transportation industry, most car companies will stop producing petrol cars and promote the development of new energy vehicles in the near future, even in China. This study is based on energy vehicle exports using China's 31 provinces' panel data from 2010 to 2020. Considering that China mainly engages in processing trade, this study analyzes the domestic energy vehicle's export sophistication after deleting intermediate goods, measuring the relationship between export sophistication and industrial upgrading with static and dynamic panel models. Then, heterogeneity tests were deployed to examine the domestic export sophistication of three major economic belts partition. The results revealed that improving export sophistication is conducive to realizing China's industrial upgrading. China's new energy vehicles industry is positively affected by export sophistication, R&D, foreign direct investment, average GDP growth rate, market factors, and human resources over the long run. Regarding regional stratification, domestic export sophistication in the eastern and western regions has more significant effects on promoting industrial upgrading than in the central region. In particular, in western regions, every increase in export sophistication by one unit will bring a significant industrial upgrading effect. Given this, China's new energy vehicles should increase export sophistication to help the country's industrial upgrading.
<正>How the amount and nutritional composition of diets influence organismal development,fecundity and health are largely *** axenic chemically defined food *** maintenance medium(CeMM) is a powerful experiment ma...
<正>How the amount and nutritional composition of diets influence organismal development,fecundity and health are largely *** axenic chemically defined food *** maintenance medium(CeMM) is a powerful experiment material to study the impact of diet and nutrition on life-history traits such as growth and *** studies have shown that the eat-2 gene,
Highly efficient inter-conversion of different types of energy is the core of science and technology. Among them, electrochemiluminescence (ECL), an emission of light excited by electrochemical reactions, has drawn at...
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Highly efficient inter-conversion of different types of energy is the core of science and technology. Among them, electrochemiluminescence (ECL), an emission of light excited by electrochemical reactions, has drawn attention as a powerful tool across diverse fields in addressing global energy, environment, and health challenges. Nonetheless, the ECL efficiency (phi(ECL)) of most luminophores in aqueous solutions is low, significantly hampering their broad applications. Along this line, developing ECL luminophores with high phi(ECL) and understanding the associated intrinsic factors is highly envisioned. Herein, taking carbon nitride (CN) with rigid 2D backbones as an emerging model luminophore, it is reported that the orbital delocalization is a unified and quantifiable factor for its phi(ECL). Behind the complicated transformation of molecular structures of cyano-terminal groups and triazine/heptazine basal frameworks, the orbital delocalization of CN is found to be generally improved at an elevated condensation temperature. Such intrinsic evolution in electronic structure favored the electron injection in excitation and follow-up photon emission in ECL for CN. As a result, the cathodic phi(ECL) of CN is remarkably improved to a new milestone of 24-fold greater than the previous record.
Electrochemically generated chemiluminescence (ECL) has attracted significant interest over the past decades, ranging from fundamental studies on highly efficient electron-to-photon interconversion to practical bioass...
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Electrochemically generated chemiluminescence (ECL) has attracted significant interest over the past decades, ranging from fundamental studies on highly efficient electron-to-photon interconversion to practical bioassays. Nonetheless, the ECL efficiency (phi(ECL)) of most emitters is low, which significantly hampers further development. Herein, this work reports a highly robust carbon nitride film with unusually enhanced ECL efficiency (2256 times higher than that of the reference Ru(bpy)(3)Cl-2/K2S2O8). Double crystallization, which provides the primary interaction of carbon nitride with the substrate and subsequent growth, plays a crucial role in the preparation. The improved ECL efficiency is ascribed to little pinholes suppressing futile co-reagent reduction, maintenance of more orbit-delocalized heptazine subunits improving ECL kinetics, and high transparency avoiding self-absorption. As a potential application, an ultrasensitive visual DNA biosensor by the naked eye is further successfully developed with a linear detection range of 100 pm to 1 mu m and limit of detection of 27 pm (S/N = 3).
Self-adaptability is highly envisioned for artificial devices such as robots with chemical noses. For this goal, seeking catalysts with multiple and modulable reaction pathways is promising but generally hampered by i...
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Self-adaptability is highly envisioned for artificial devices such as robots with chemical noses. For this goal, seeking catalysts with multiple and modulable reaction pathways is promising but generally hampered by inconsistent reaction conditions and negative internal interferences. Herein, we report an adaptable graphitic C6N6-based copper single-atom catalyst. It drives the basic oxidation of peroxidase substrates by a bound copper-oxo pathway, and undertakes a second gain reaction triggered by light via a free hydroxyl radical pathway. Such multiformity of reactive oxygen-related intermediates for the same oxidation reaction makes the reaction conditions capable to be the same. Moreover, the unique topological structure of CuSAC6N6 along with the specialized donor-pi-acceptor linker promotes intramolecular charge separation and migration, thus inhibiting negative interferences of the above two reaction pathways. As a result, a sound basic activity and a superb gain of up to 3.6 times under household lights are observed, superior to that of the controls, including peroxidase-like catalysts, photocatalysts, or their mixtures. CuSAC6N6 is further applied to a glucose biosensor, which can intelligently switch sensitivity and linear detection range in vitro. Catalysts with multiple and modulable reaction pathways are promising but generally hampered by inconsistent reaction conditions and negative internal interferences. Herein, the authors report an adaptable graphitic C6N6-based copper singleatom catalyst
Hydrogels, which mimic the properties of natural tissues, are essential for flexible electronics in human-machine interfaces (HMIs). However, traditional hydrogels suffer from dehydration, compromising stability and f...
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Hydrogels, which mimic the properties of natural tissues, are essential for flexible electronics in human-machine interfaces (HMIs). However, traditional hydrogels suffer from dehydration, compromising stability and functionality. To address this issue, a stratum corneum-inspired, water-retaining hydrogel is developed using hygroscopic polymers and bound water. Three types of hydrophilic monomers (non-ionic, mono-ionic, and zwitterionic) are explored, with polyzwitterions, particularly N,N-dimethyl (acrylamidopropyl) ammonium propane sulfonate (DMAAPS), forming a quasi-hydrogel that retains the softness and flexibility of conventional hydrogels. Water acts as a plasticizer, enhancing polymer chain mobility and reducing stiffness. The DMAAPS hydrogel maintains 100% weight retention under specific humidity conditions and shows skin-like softness across a wide humidity range. The Young's modulus increases from 54 to 118 kPa as relative humidity decreases from 80% to 40%. The absence of free water confers intrinsic anti-freezing properties. A triple crosslinking mechanism and conductive polymers endow the hydrogel with stretchability (> 2000%), toughness, elasticity, self-healing, and stable sensing capabilities. The hydrogel functions as an excellent flexible sensor for real-time, sensitive detection of human motion and physiological signals. An intelligent handwriting recognition platform with high accuracy is also established using double-channel signal collection and machine learning algorithms, offering insights for next-generation durable, biomimetic, and smart HMIs.
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