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A photo-degradable BODIPY-modified Ru(ii) photosensitizer for safe and efficient PDT under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions

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daLTON TRANSACTIONS 2024年第8期53卷 3579-3588页

作者： Peng, Yatong da, xuwen Zhou, Wanpeng Xu, Yunli Liu, Xiulian Wang, Xuesong Zhou, Qianxiong Tech Inst Phys & Chem Chinese Acad Sci Key Lab Photochem Convers & Optoelect Mat Beijing 100190 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing 100049 Peoples R China

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is promising for cancer treatment but still suffers from some limitations. For instance, PDT based on O-1(2) generation (in a type-II mechanism) is heavily dependent on high oxygen concentrations and will be significantly depressed in hypoxic tumors. In addition, the residual photosensitizers after PDT treatment may cause severe side-effects under light irradiation. To solve these problems, herein a BODIPY (boron dipyrromethene)-modified Ru(II) complex [Ru(dip)(2)(tpy-BODIPY)](2+) (complex 1, dip = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, tpy = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine) was designed and synthesized. Complex 1 exhibited both high singlet oxygen quantum yield (Phi = 0.7 in CH3CN) and excellent superoxide radical (O-2(center dot)-) generation, and thus demonstrated efficient PDT activity under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Moreover, complex 1 is photo-degradable in water, and greatly loses its ROS generation ability after PDT treatment. These novel properties of complex 1 make it promising for efficient PDT under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions with reduced side-effects.

关键词： Photosensitizers

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Nitroreductase-responsive photosensitizers for selective imaging and photo-inactivation of intracellular bacteria

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CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL 2024年第16期30卷 e202303766-e202303766页

作者： Zhou, Wanpeng da, xuwen Jian, Yao Peng, Yatong Liu, Xiulian Xu, Yunli Wu, Yao Wang, Xuesong Zhou, Qianxiong Chinese Acad Sci Tech Inst Phys & Chem Beijing 100190 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing 1000490 Peoples R China

Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), especially the methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), are difficult to detect and eradicate due to the protection by the host cells. Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) offers promise in treating intracellular bacteria, provided that selective damage to the bacteria ranther than host cells can be realized. According to the different nitroreductase (NTR) levels in mammalian cells and S. aureus, herein NTR-responsive photosensitizers (PSs) (T)CyI-NO2 were designed and synthesized. The emission and 1O2 generation of (T)CyI-NO2 are quenched by the 4-nitrobenzyl group, but can be specifically switched on by bacterial NTR. Therefore, selective imaging and photo-inactivation of intracellular S. aureus and MRSA were achieved. Our findings may pave the way for the development of more efficient and selective aPDT agents to combat intractable intracellular infections. Two nitroreductase (NTR)-responsive photosensitizers ((T)CyI-NO2) were designed and synthesized. The quenched fluorescence and singlet oxygen production of (T)CyI-NO2 can be switched on by NTR in S. aureus. Detailed studies displayed TCyI-NO2 was able to selectively image and efficiently photo-inactivate intracellular bacteria with little cytotoxicity. image

关键词： Antibacterial photodynamic therapy Intracellular bacteria treatment Nitroreductase responsive Photosensitizer Staphylococcus aureus

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Thermally-activated upconversion based on triplet fusion for deep red photoactivation of Ru(ii) complexes

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NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2024年第15期48卷 6886-6892页

作者： Niu, Pengfei da, xuwen Hu, Rui Yu, Tianjun Chen, Jinping Zhou, Qianxiong Luo, Guiwen Zeng, Yi Li, Yi Tech Inst Phys & Chem Chinese Acad Sci Key Lab Photochem Convers & Optoelect Mat Beijing 100190 Peoples R China Inst Chem Chinese Acad Sci Key Lab Photochem Beijing 100190 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing 100049 Peoples R China

Expanding the anti-Stokes shift in triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) systems and harvesting light within the biological transparency window (700-900 nm) are of great importance for their biomedical applications. In this study, we have developed a TTA-UC system that converts deep red-light into blue photons using a highly endothermic sensitization pair, wherein the triplet energy level of the sensitizer is 0.19 eV below that of the acceptor. The thermally activated triplet energy transfer compensates the energy loss during intersystem crossing (ISC) of the sensitizer, achieving a 0.82 eV anti-Stokes shift upconversion with over 6% quantum yield. This TTA-UC system activates a Ru(ii)-based photoactivated chemotherapeutic agent, causing DNA to bleach under 700 nm LED irradiation. These results demonstrate a feasible way to develop upconversion systems that operate within the biological transparency window, with potential applications in biological phototherapy.

关键词： Transparency

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A self-enhanced chemiexcited PDT system for targeted and efficient treatment of deeply seated tumors

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INORGANIC CHEMISTRY FRONTIERS 2024年第17期11卷 5598-5611页

作者： da, xuwen Xu, Yunli Wang, Lei Liu, Xiulian Peng, Yatong Wu, Yao Zhou, Wanpeng Wang, Wentao Wang, Xuesong Zhou, Qianxiong Chinese Acad Sci Tech Inst Phys & Chem Key Lab Photochem Convers & Optoelect Mat Beijing 100190 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing 100049 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Wenzhou Inst Wenzhou 325000 Peoples R China

Traditional photodynamic therapy (PDT) is almost ineffective against deeply seated tumors due to the limited penetration depth of external light. The development of chemiexcited PDT is promising to address this issue, but it is still challenging to construct simple, efficient and targeted chemiexcited PDT systems. In this work, CPPO (bio(3,5,6-trichloro-2-n-pentyloxycarbonylphenyl) oxalate) and [Ru(phen)2(PIP-OCH3)](PF6)2 (Ru3, where phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, PIP-OCH3 = 2-(4-methoxy phenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline) with efficient photocatalytic NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) oxidation were co-encapsulated with DSPE-PEG 2000 to form Ru3/CPPO@PEG nanoparticles (NP3). Once internalized by cancer cells, Ru3 can be excited with the chemical energy produced by the reaction between CPPO and endogenous H2O2. The subsequent oxidation of intracellular NADH and generation of H2O2in situ by excited Ru3 will further promote the sustained occurrence of the chemical reaction, realizing self-enhanced chemiexcited PDT. NP3 could effectively deplete intracellular NADH, inhibit ATP synthesis, increase the H2O2 content, and produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) within cancer cells, thus exhibiting efficient chemiexcited PDT activity against various cancer cells. Notably, minimal cytotoxicity was observed towards normal cells. Good therapeutic effects against subcutaneously implanted and lung metastatic tumors were also observed for NP3. The current findings may provide new insights for development of novel chemiexcited PDT. NP3 with H2O2 supplementation and self-enhanced chemiexcited PDT system are developed, exhibiting efficient chemiexcited PDT activity towards subcutaneously implanted and lung metastatic tumors, providing new insights for development of novel chemiexcited PDT.

关键词： Photodynamic therapy

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Ru(II)-base d aggregation-induce d emission (AIE) agents with efficient 1 O2 generation, photo-catalytic NADH oxidation and anticancer activity

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CHINESE CHEMICAL LETTERS 2025年第5期36卷

作者： Xu, Yunli da, xuwen Wang, Lei Peng, Yatong Zhou, Wanpeng Liu, Xiulian Wu, Yao Wang, Wentao Wang, Xuesong Zhou, Qianxiong Chinese Acad Sci Tech Inst Phys & Chem Key Lab Photochem Convers & Optoelect Mat Beijing 100190 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing 100049 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Wenzhou Inst Wenzhou 325000 Peoples R China

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has received much attention in recent years. However, traditional photosensitizers (PSs) applied in PDT usually suffer from aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect in H2 O, single and inefficient photochemical mechanism of action (MoA), poor cancer targeting ability, etc . In this work, two novel Ru(II)-based aggregation-induced emission (AIE) agents (Ru1 and Ru2) were developed. Both complexes exhibited long triplet excited lifetimes and nearly 100 % singlet oxygen quantum yields in H2 O. In addition, Ru1 and Ru2 displayed potent photo-catalytic reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) oxidation activity with turnover frequency (TOF) values of about 1779 and 20 0 0 h-1 , respectively. Therefore, both Ru1 and Ru2 showed efficient PDT activity towards a series of cancer cells. Moreover, Ru2 was further loaded in bovine serum albumin (BSA) to enhance the tumor targeting ability in vivo , and the obtained Ru2@BSA could selectively accumulate in tumor tissues and effectively inhibit tumor growth on a 4T1 tumor-bearing mouse model. So far as we know, this work represents the first report about Ru(II) AIE agents that possess high singlet oxygen quantum yields and also potent photocatalytic NADH oxidation activity, and may provide new ideas for rational design of novel PSs with efficient PDT activity. (c) 2025 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.

关键词： Ru(II) complexes Aggregation-induced emission Photo-catalytic NADH oxidation Photodynamic therapy Turnover frequency

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Ru/Pt@BSA nanoparticles for efficient photo-catalytic oxidation of NAD(P)H and targeted cancer treatment under hypoxic conditions

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2023年第12期34卷 440-445页

作者： xuwen da Xiulian Liu Chao Li Yatong Peng Yao Jian Wanpeng Zhou Yunli Xu Yao Wu Xuesong Wang Qianxiong Zhou Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Photo-catalytic oxidation of intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(2'-phosphate)(NAD(P)H)has attracted much attention for cancer ***,the general oxygen-dependent mechanism heavily depresses the efficacy in hypoxic *** solve this problem,herein platinum nanoparticles(Pt NPs)with catalase-like(CAT-like)and catalytic H_(2)evolution activities were introduced as a powerful assistant to enhance the photo-catalytic NAD(P)H oxidation of Ru1([Ru(phen)2(PIP-OCH_(3))]^(2+),phen=1,10-phenanthroline,PIP-OCH_(3)=2-(4-methoxy phenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline)under hypoxic and even oxygen-free ***,Pt NPs can transform the original and in situ formed H_(2)O_(2)once again into O_(2)by the CAT-like activity,thus relieving tumor hypoxia and realizing cyclic utilization(at least in part)of the precious oxygen in ***,Pt NPs can also be served as H_(2)evolution catalysts while using Ru1 as the photosensitizer and NAD(P)H as the electron and proton *** this process,NAD(P)H is oxidized without the participation of oxygen,which can provide an effective way even under oxygen-free *** co-encapsulation of Rul and Pt NPs in bovine serum albumin(BSA)with tumor targeting ability,the resultant Ru/Pt@BSA could photo-catalyze intracellular NAD(P)H oxidation under hypoxic conditions(3%O_(2)),and exhibited an efficient and selective anticancer activity both in vitro and in *** results may provide new sights for efficient and targeted cancer treatment underhypoxic conditions.

关键词： Hypoxic Cancer treatment Photo-catalytic oxidation NAD(P)H Cyclic utilization of oxygen Pt nanoparticle

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A highly positively charged Ru(II) complex with photo-labile ligands for selective and efficient photo-inactivation of intracellular aureus

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JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY 2025年 268卷 112908页

作者： Xu, Yunli da, xuwen Jian, Yao Zhou, Wanpeng Wu, Aifeng Wu, Yao Peng, Yatong Liu, Xiulian Shi, Yu Wang, Xuesong Zhou, Qianxiong Chinese Acad Sci Tech Inst Phys & Chem Key Lab Photochem Convers & Optoelect Mat Beijing 100190 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing 100049 Peoples R China

Due to the protection afforded by host cells, intracellular Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), particularly methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), poses a significantly greater challenge to eliminate compared to the extracellular counterparts. It is highly desirable to develop novel antibacterial agents which are capable of selectively and efficiently eradicating intracellular bacteria, including drug-resistant strains, while being less prone to induce bacterial resistance. In this work, two Ru(II) complexes (Ru1 and Ru2) with photo-labile ligands were designed and synthesized. Both Ru1 and Ru2 could covalently bind to DNA after photo-induced ligand dissociation. Compared to Ru1, the incorporation of a triphenylamine group adorned with two positively charged cationic pyridine units significantly boosts the DNA binding constant, bacterial binding/uptake level, and subsequently, the antibacterial activity of Ru2. Ru2 could selectively photo-inactivate intracellular S. aureus and MRSA, being more efficient than vancomycin both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, after 20 days' treatment at sublethal concentrations, S. aureus cells exhibited no obvious drug resistance towards Ru2 upon irradiation. Such appealing results may provide new sights for developing novel antibacterial agents against intractable intracellular pathogens and also prevalent drug resistance.

关键词： Ru(II) complexes Photo-induced ligand dissociation Intracellular bacteria DNA binding Drug resistance

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HClO-responsive dinuclear Ru(II) complexes for selective imaging and efficient photo-inactivation of intracellular bacteria

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CHINESE CHEMICAL LETTERS 2025年第6期36卷

作者： Zhou, Wanpeng da, xuwen Xu, Yunli Peng, Yatong Liu, Xiulian Wu, Yao Shi, Yu Wu, Aifeng Yao, Yishan Wang, Xuesong Zhou, Qianxiong Chinese Acad Sci Key Lab Photochem Convers & Optoelect Mat Tech Inst Phys & Chem Beijing 100190 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing 100049 Peoples R China Beijing Inst Pharmacol & Toxicol Beijing 100850 Peoples R China

Intracellular bacteria (ICB), cloaked by the protective barriers of host cells, pose a formidable challenge to selective and efficient eradication. The employment of activatable photosensitizers based antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) holds significant potential for selective imaging and photo-inactivation of ICB while minimizing side effects on normal cells. Drawing inspiration from the elevated hypochlorous acid (HClO) levels in ICB infected phagocytes, herein we firstly designed and synthesized a series of HClOresponsive dinuclear Ru(II) complexes (Ru1-Ru3) to achieve such a goal. Initially, the luminescence, 1 O2 generation and aPDT activity of these Ru(II) complexes were suppressed due to the quenching effect of the azo group, but were recovered after reaction with HClO in solutions or within ICB infected phagocytes. The detailed results revealed that Ru1 and Ru3 could not only selectively visualize ICB, but also demonstrated remarkable aPDT activity against ICB, surpassing vancomycin both in vitro and in vivo . (c) 2025 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.

关键词： Intracellular bacteria HClO-responsive Ru(II) complexes Antibacterial photodynamic therapy Selective imaging and photo-inactivation

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A targeted and efficient CDT system with photocatalytic supplement of H2O2 and hydroxyl radical production at a neutral pH

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INORGANIC CHEMISTRY FRONTIERS 2022年第11期9卷 2544-2556页

作者： da, xuwen Wang, Zhanhua Jian, Yao Zhang, Chao Hou, Yuanjun Yao, Yishan Wang, Xuesong Zhou, Qianxiong Chinese Acad Sci Tech Inst Phys & Chem Key Lab Photochem Convers & Optoelect Mat Beijing 100190 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing 100049 Peoples R China Beijing Inst Pharmacol & Toxicol Beijing 100850 Peoples R China

The bottleneck problems of chemodynamic therapy (CDT) are the dependence on an acidic pH (2.0-4.0), insufficient H2O2 level in tumor tissues, and potential systematic toxicity of inorganic nanomaterials-based CDT agents. In this study, the new tricks of two old compounds, i.e. [Ru(phen)(2)(PIP-OCH3)](PF6)(2) (Ru3, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, PIP-OCH3 = 2-(4-methoxy phenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline) and Fe(tpy)Cl-3 (tpy = 2,2 ':6 ',2 '-terpyridine), were harnessed to construct an ideal CDT system. Ru3 was able to efficiently photo-catalyze NADH oxidation accompanied by the production of H(2)O(2)in situ with a high yield of 73.2%, which can be converted into cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals by the biocompatible Fe(tpy)Cl-3 at a neutral pH. By loading both Ru3 and Fe(tpy)Cl-3 in tumor-targeting bovine serum albumin (BSA), the obtained BSA@Fe/Ru nanoparticles exhibited a highly efficient, selective, and photo-controlled CDT activity both in vitro and in vivo. This work may provide new sights for overcoming the issues confronted in CDT.

关键词： Ruthenium compounds

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Biocompatible hypocrellin A-Fe(iii) nanoparticles exhibiting efficient photo-activated CDT in vitro and in vivo

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daLTON TRANSACTIONS 2022年第8期51卷 3225-3233页

作者： Wang, Zhanhua Gao, Chuan da, xuwen Jian, Yao Zhang, Chao Yao, Yishan Wang, Xuesong Zhou, Qianxiong Chinese Acad Sci Tech Inst Phys & Chem Key Lab Photochem Convers & Optoelect Mat Beijing 100190 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing 100049 Peoples R China Beijing Inst Pharmacol & Toxicol Beijing 100850 Peoples R China

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is novel and promising for cancer treatment, however, the potential systematic toxicity of the used nanoparticles is still a big concern. In this work the biocompatible hypocrellin A-Fe(iii) nanoparticles (HA-Fe(iii) NPs) were synthesized and studied. The CDT effect of HA-Fe(iii) NPs in the dark is negligible but can be photo-activated upon red light irradiation, which is meaningful to realize precise CDT treatment by selective light irradiation. Moreover, HA-Fe(iii) NPs can also generate O-2(-), which may be converted into H2O2 to further enhance the CDT effect. As a result, HA-Fe(iii) NPs had little cytotoxicity in the dark at the concentration up to 200 mu g ml(-1), but exhibited efficient CDT activity upon red light irradiation under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. The in vivo results also showed that HA-Fe(iii) NPs can efficiently inhibit tumor growth upon 628 nm light irradiation.

关键词： Nanoparticles

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