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Decoding the bitter taste of Idesia polycarpa var. vestita Diels fruit: Bitterness contribution and mechanisms

FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024年第Part2期460卷 140609页

作者： xiang, xuwen Chen, Kewei Li, Aijun Yang, Gang An, Xiaofeng Kan, Jianquan Southwest Univ Coll Food Sci 2 Tiansheng Rd Chongqing 400715 Peoples R China Minist Agr & Rural Affairs Peoples Republ China Lab Qual & Safety Risk Assessment Agroprod Storage Chongqing 400715 Peoples R China Chinese Hungarian Cooperat Res Ctr Food Sci Chongqing 400715 Peoples R China Chongqing Key Lab Special Food Cobuilt Sichuan & C Chongqing 400715 Peoples R China Chongqing Shanlinyuan Forestry Comprehens Dev Co L Chongqing 400800 Peoples R China

To comprehensively explore the contribution and mechanisms of identified low-threshold bitter substances in Idesia polycarpa var. vestita Diels (I. vestita) fruit, we performed quantification and elucidated their interactions with main bitter taste receptors through molecular docking. The established method for quantifying bitter compounds in I. vestita fruit was validated, yielding satisfactory parameters for linearity, stability, and accuracy. Idescarpin (17.71-101.05 mg/g) and idesin (7.88-77.14 mg/g) were the predominant bitter compounds in terms of content. Taste activity values (TAVs) exceeded 10 for the bitter substances, affirming their pivotal role as major contributors to overall bitterness of I. vestita fruit. Notably, idescarpin with the highest TAV, played a crucial role in generating the bitterness of I. vestita fruit. Hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions were the main driving forces. This study holds potential implications for industrial development of I. vestita fruit by providing novel insights into the mechanism underlying its bitterness formation.

关键词： Idesia polycarpa var. vestita Diels Bitterness contribution Quantitative analysis Molecular docking Bitterness mechanism Taste activity value

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Evaluation of cultivars diversity and lipid composition properties of Idesia polycarpa var. vestita Diels

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JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2022年第9期87卷 3841-3855页

作者： Wen, Leyan xiang, xuwen Wang, Zhirong Yang, Qingqing Guo, Zehang Huang, Pimiao Mao, Jianmei An, Xiaofeng Kan, Jianquan Southwest Univ Coll Food Sci 2 Tiansheng Rd Chongqing 400715 Peoples R China Minist Agr & Rural Affairs Peoples Republ China Lab Qual & Safety Risk Assessment Agroprod Storag Chongqing Peoples R China Chinese Hungarian Cooperat Res Ctr Food Sci Chongqing Peoples R China Chongqing Key Lab Special Food Cobuilt Sichuan & Chongqing Peoples R China Chongqing Shanlinyuan Forestry Comprehens Dev Co Chongqing Peoples R China

Idesia polycarpa var. vestita Diels is a perennial deciduous tree widely distributed throughout China. Four I. polycarpa fruit of different cultivars with different fruit issues during the growth process were compared, which were on the basis of morphological characteristics and chemical compositions. The influencing factors of oil accumulation in I. polycarpa fruit and the correlation between different components were investigated, and the results revealed a negative correlation between oil content and total sugar (r = -0.930), ash (r = -0.606), and crude fiber (r = -0.952). Except for oil, none of the chemical components changed substantially during the growing phase, and most cultivars showed higher oil content in the pulp portion (14.14-43.99 g/100 g). Linoleic acid was the most abundant fatty acid in I. polycarpa oil (IPO), with values ranging from 52.18% to 66.65% (fruit), 55.44% to 65.15% (pulp), and 68.99% to 78.76% (seed). Principal component analysis revealed that Hubei varieties are more advantageous. Besides, the lipid composition of IPO was identified by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization Q-Exactive Focus mass spectrometry. The glyceride components of IPO were mostly composed of 22 triacylglycerols, 30 diacylglycerols, and 8 monoacyglycerols. Meanwhile, linoleic acid was mainly distributed in sn-2 and sn-3 positions. Practical Application Morphologic characteristics, chemical compositions, oil fatty acid profiles, and oil correlation factors of I. polycarpa were analyzed. The comprehensive score of oil quality by PCA in Hb fruit was the highest. The glyceride components of I. polycarpa oil were mainly composed of 22 triacylglycerols, 30 diacylglycerols, and eight monoacyglycerols.

关键词： chemical properties fatty acid profile Idesia polycarpa var vestita Diels lipid composition principal component analysis

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水酶法提取毛叶山桐子油的工艺优化及其品质分析

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中国油脂 2024年第12期49卷 1-6页

作者：陈小静闻乐嫣向旭雯阚建全西南大学食品科学学院重庆400715 农业农村部农产品贮藏保鲜质量安全风险评估实验室重庆400715 中匈食品科学合作研究中心重庆400715

旨在为水酶法提取毛叶山桐子油的工业化应用提供参考,以毛叶山桐子鲜果为原料,通过单因素实验和响应面实验对水酶法提取毛叶山桐子油的工艺条件进行优化,并对水酶法提取的毛叶山桐子油与索氏抽提法、热榨法及低温压榨法提取的毛叶山桐... 详细信息

旨在为水酶法提取毛叶山桐子油的工业化应用提供参考,以毛叶山桐子鲜果为原料,通过单因素实验和响应面实验对水酶法提取毛叶山桐子油的工艺条件进行优化,并对水酶法提取的毛叶山桐子油与索氏抽提法、热榨法及低温压榨法提取的毛叶山桐子油品质进行比较。结果表明:水酶法提取毛叶山桐子油的最佳工艺条件为加热预处理(汽蒸10 min)、料液比1∶3.5、提取时间5.6 h、加酶量2.70%(酶为质量比1∶1的纤维素酶和中性蛋白酶),在此条件下毛叶山桐子油提取率达77.45%;与其他3种方法提取的毛叶山桐子油相比,水酶法提取的毛叶山桐子油酸值(KOH)(2.62 mg/g)和过氧化值(5.55 mmol/kg)最低,亚油酸含量最高(64.03%)。综上,优化的水酶法工艺提取的毛叶山桐子油品质较好。

关键词：水酶法毛叶山桐子鲜果油提取率油脂品质

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Targeting toll-like receptor 7 as a therapeutic development strategy for systemic lupus erythematosus

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第11期14卷 4899-4913页

作者： Meng Wang Hekai Chen Tuan Zhang Zhikuan Zhang xuwen xiang Meng Gao Yilan Guo Shuangshuang Jiang Kejun Yin Mintao Chen Jian Huang Xincheng Zhong Umeharu Ohto Jing Li Toshiyuki Shimizu Hang Yin State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTsinghua-Peking Center for Life SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology(Ministry of Education)Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences the University of TokyoTokyo 113-0033Japan Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100032China Toll Biotech Co. Ltd.(Beijing)Beijing 102209China

Endosomal TLRs(TLR3/7/8/9)are highly analogous innate immunity sensors for various viral or bacterial RNA/DNA molecular *** them,TLR7,in particular,has been suggested to be a target for various inflammatory disorders and autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE);but few small-molecule inhibitors with elaborated mechanism have been reported in ***,we reported a well-characterized human TLR7-specific small-molecule inhibitor,TH-407b,with promising potency and negligible cytotoxicity through a novel binding ***,TH-407b not only effectively inhibited TLR7-mediated pro-inflammatory signaling in a variety of cultured cell lines but also demonstrated potent inflammation suppressing activities in primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)derived from SLE ***,TH-407b showed prominent efficacy in vivo,improved survival rate and ameliorated symptoms of SLE model *** obtain molecular insights into the TH-407b derivatives’inhibition mechanism,we performed the structural analysis of TLR7/TH-407b complex using cryogenic electron microscopy(cryo-EM)*** an atomistic resolution cryo-EM structure of the TLR family,it not only of value to facilitate structure-based drug design,but also shed light to methodology development of small proteins using ***,TH-407b has unveiled an inhibition strategy for TLR7 via stabilizing its resting/inactivated *** a resting state could be generally applicable to all TLRs,rendering a useful method for targeting this group of important immunological receptors.

关键词： TLR7 Small-moleculeinhibitor Atomisticresolutioncryo-EM structure Resting state Systemiclupus erythematosus MRL

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Characterization of key bitter compounds in Idesia polycarpa var. vestita Diels fruit by sensory-guided fractionation

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FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024年 439卷 138103页

作者： xiang, xuwen Yang, Qingqing Chen, Kewei Wang, Zhirong Yang, Gang Li, Aijun An, Xiaofeng Kan, Jianquan Southwest Univ Coll Food Sci 2 Tiansheng Rd Chongqing 400715 Peoples R China Yangzhou Univ Sch Food Sci & Engn Yangzhou 225127 Jiangsu Peoples R China Minist Agr & Rural Affairs Peoples Republ China Lab Qual & Safety Risk Assessment Agroprod Storage Chongqing 400715 Peoples R China Chinese Hungarian Cooperat Res Ctr Food Sci Chongqing 400715 Peoples R China Chongqing Key Lab Special Food Cobuilt Sichuan & C Chongqing 400715 Peoples R China Chongqing Shanlinyuan Forestry Comprehens Dev Co L Chongqing 400800 Peoples R China

Idesia polycarpa var. vestita Diels (I. vestita) has become a promising oil crop due to its easily digestible and highly nutritious fruit oil. However, the intense bitter taste of its fruit greatly limits its development and promotion in the food industry. Herein, five key bitter compounds from I. vestita fruit were isolated by sensory-guided fractionation and characterized using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight-mass spectrometer and nuclear magnetic resonance. The bitter taste of the identified compounds was subsequently validated by threshold tests and computational molecular docking. The bitterness threshold in water of idesin was the lowest (12.051 mg/L), and all bitter substances spontaneously bound to the bitter receptors hTAS2R16 and hTAS2R14, with a stronger affinity for the latter (approximately-6.5 --9.0 kcal/mol). This is the first systematic study of bitter compounds in I. vestita fruit, providing a scientific basis for revealing the mechanism of bitterness formation and bitterness control.

关键词： Idesia polycarpa var. vestita Diels Bitterness Taste dilution analysis Bitterness thresholds Molecular docking

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A comprehensive study on physicochemical properties, bioactive compounds, and emulsified lipid digestion characteristics of Idesia polycarpa var. Vestita Diels fruits oil

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FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023年第PartA期404卷 134634页

作者： xiang, xuwen Wen, Leyan Wang, Zhirong Yang, Gang Mao, Jianmei An, Xiaofeng Kan, Jianquan Southwest Univ Coll Food Sci 2 Tiansheng Rd Chongqing 400715 Peoples R China Yangzhou Univ Sch Food Sci & Engn Yangzhou 225127 Jiangsu Peoples R China Minist Agr & Rural Affairs Peoples Republ China Lab Qual & Safety Risk Assessment Agroprod Storage Chongqing 400715 Peoples R China Chinese Hungarian Cooperat Res Ctr Food Sci Chongqing 400715 Peoples R China Chongqing Key Lab Special Food Cobuilt Sichuan & C Chongqing 400715 Peoples R China Chongqing Shanlinyuan Forestry Comprehens Dev Co L Chongqing 400800 Peoples R China

Idesia polycarpa var. vestita Diels fruits oil (IPO) has the potential to broaden the availability of healthy vegetable oil and relieve pressure on the edible oil supply. In this study, we compared the physicochemical, bioactivity, and digestive properties of IPO, olive oil (OO), and soybean oil (SO) to comprehensively evaluate the edible potential of IPO. The results revealed no significant differences in relative density or refractive index among the three oils. IPO was rich in beta-sitosterol (366.74 mg/100 g), beta-tocopherol (8.42 mg/100 g), and alpha-tocopherol (37.10 mg/100 g). The digestive properties of IPO emulsion were investigated for the first time using in vitro simulated digestion. The IPO emulsion stood out regarding its free fatty acid release (88.03 %). Finally, the IPO emulsion released mainly unsaturated fatty acids and had a higher monoacylglycerol content. This study provides new insights into IPO as a high-quality edible vegetable oil.

关键词： Idesia polycarpa var vestita Diels fruits oil Oil quality Bioactivity Digestibility

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Effect of multiple-frequency ultrasound-assisted transglutaminase dual modification on the structural, functional characteristics and application of Qingke protein

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ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023年 94卷 106317页

作者： Li, Aijun Guo, Zehang Wang, Zhirong Yang, Qingqing Wen, Leyan xiang, xuwen Kan, Jianquan Southwest Univ Coll Food Sci 2 Tiansheng Rd Chongqing 400715 Peoples R China Yangzhou Univ Coll Food Sci & Engn Yangzhou 225127 Jiangsu Peoples R China Chinese Hungarian Cooperat Res Ctr Food Sci Chongqing 400715 Peoples R China Minist Agr & Rural Affairs Peoples Republ China Lab Qual & Safety Risk Assessment Agriprod Storage Chongqing 400715 Peoples R China Chongqing Key Lab Special Food Co Built Sichuan & Chongqing 400715 Peoples R China 2 Tiansheng Rd Chongqing 400715 Peoples R China

Qingke protein rich in restricted amino acids such as lysine, while the uncoordination of ratio of glutenin and gliadin in Qingke protein has a negative impact on its processing properties. In this study, the effect of multiple-frequency ultrasound combined with transglutaminase treatment on the functional and structural properties of Qingke protein and its application in noodle manufacture were investigated. The results showed that compared with the control, ultrasound-assisted transglutaminase dual modification significantly increased the water and oil holding capacity, apparent viscosity, foaming ability, and emulsifying activity index of Qingke protein, which exhibited a higher storage modulus G' (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, ultrasound combined with transglutaminase treatment enhanced the cross-linking degree of Qingke protein (P < 0.05), as shown by decreased free amino group and free sulfhydryl group contents, and increased disulfide bond content. Moreover, after the ultrasound-assisted transglutaminase dual modification treatment, the fluorescence intensity, the contents of alpha-helix and random coil in the secondary structure of Qingke protein significantly decreased, while the beta-sheet content increased (P < 0.05) compared with control. SDS-PAGE results showed that the bands of Qingke protein treated by ultrasound combined with transglutaminase became unclear. Furthermore, the quality of Qingke noodles made with Qingke powder (140 g/kg dual modified Qingke protein mixed with 860 g/kg extracted Qingke starch) and wheat gluten 60-70 g/kg was similar to that of wheat noodles. In summary, multiple-frequency ultrasound combined with transglutaminase dual modification can significantly improve the physicochemical properties of Qingke protein and the modified Qingke proteins can be used as novel ingredients for Qingke noodles.

关键词： Qingke protein Modification Functional properties Application Qingke noodles

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MbEOMT1 regulates methyleugenol biosynthesis in Melaleuca bracteata F. Muell

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TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024年第4期44卷 tpae034-tpae034页

作者： Yang, Chao Lin, Yongsheng xiang, xuwen Shao, Dandan Qiu, Ziwen Li, Yongyu Wu, Shaohua Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ Coll Hort Key Lab Minist Educ Genet Breeding & Multiple Utilizat Crops 15 Shangxiadian Rd Fuzhou 350002 Peoples R China Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ Inst Nat Prod Hort Plants 15 Shangxiadian Rd Fuzhou 350002 Peoples R China Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ Coll Life Sci 15 Shangxiadian Rd Fuzhou 350002 Peoples R China Agr Sci & Technol Res Ctr Chaozhou Guangdong Prov Chaozhou 315600 Peoples R China

Methyleugenol, a bioactive compound in the phenylpropene family, undergoes its final and crucial biosynthetic transformation when eugenol O-methyltransferase (EOMT) converts eugenol into methyleugenol. While Melaleuca bracteata F. Muell essential oil is particularly rich in methyleugenol, it contains only trace amounts of its precursor, eugenol. This suggests that the EOMT enzyme in M. bracteata is highly efficient, although it has not yet been characterized. In this study, we isolated and identified an EOMT gene from M. bracteata, termed MbEOMT1, which is primarily expressed in the flowers and leaves and is inducible by methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Subcellular localization of MbEOMT1 in the cytoplasm was detected. Through transient overexpression experiments, we found that MbEOMT1 significantly elevates the concentration of methyleugenol in M. bracteata leaves. Conversely, silencing of MbEOMT1 via virus-induced gene silencing led to a marked reduction in methyleugenol levels. Our in vitro enzymatic assays further confirmed that MbEOMT1 specifically catalyzes the methylation of eugenol. Collectively, these findings establish that the MbEOMT1 gene is critical for methyleugenol biosynthesis in M. bracteata. This study enriches the understanding of phenylpropene biosynthesis and suggests that MbEOMT1 could serve as a valuable catalyst for generating bioactive compounds in the future.

关键词： fragrance methylation O-methyltransferases (OMTs) phenylpropene shikimate pathway synthesis

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Reference gene selection for qRT-PCR normalization of gene expression analysis in Melaleuca bracteata F. Muell. under abiotic stresses and hormonal stimuli

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SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE 2023年第1期319卷

作者： Yang, Chao Lin, Yongsheng Qiu, Ziwen xiang, xuwen Shao, Dandan Li, Yongyu Wu, Shaohua Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ Coll Hort Fuzhou Peoples R China Agr Sci & Technol Dev Ctr Chaozhou Guangdong Prov Chaozhou Peoples R China

Melaleuca bracteata F. Muell. is among the most significant aromatic plants belonging to the Myrtaceae family, and its essential oil has various biological activities. However, the key enzymes involved in essential oil biosynthesis and their expression patterns are not clearly understood. Appropriate reference genes are required for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), sensitive for gene expression studies, to obtain reliable results. In this study, 14 candidate genes, namely ACT, 18S, & alpha;-TUB, fl-TUB, GAPDH, EF1-& alpha;, UBQ, UBC, CYP, EIF-4A, DNAJ, PP2A, TIP41, and UBX, were selected from the M. bracteata transcriptome datasets for analysis under abiotic stresses and hormonal stimuli. The stability of these genes was analyzed using three widely used software programs (geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper). Their results were integrated into a compre-hensive ranking by geometric mean. According to the study results, TIP41 and CYP were the most stable genes for abiotic stresses, while TIP41 and UBQ were the most stable genes for hormonal stimulation. Further, TIP41 and CYP were the most stable reference genes across all tested samples, whereas ACT was the least stable. Based on the expression of two target genes (COMT1 and COMT2, which are involved in methyleugenol biosynthesis), the suitability of the selected reference genes for qRT-PCR normalization was further verified. The study results could offer a foundation for gene expression analysis and functional studies in M. bracteata and other Melaleuca species.

关键词： Reference gene Melaleuca bracteata F Muell Abiotic stresses Hormonal stimuli Gene expression qRT-PCR

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Mechanistic analysis of the coordination between MbEGS4 and MbEOMT in methyleugenol synthesis by Melaleuca bracteata F. Muell

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INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS 2024年 222卷

作者： xiang, xuwen Song, Keke Lin, Yongsheng You, Jingnan Xu, Yan Niu, Xianqian Zheng, Guohua Wu, Yingxiang Pan, Heli Li, Yongyu Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ Coll Hort Key Lab Minist Educ Genet Breeding & Multiple Utilizat Cro Fuzhou 350002 Peoples R China Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ Inst Nat Prod Hort Plants Fuzhou 350002 Peoples R China Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ Coll Life Sci Fuzhou 350002 Peoples R China Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ Coll Landscape Architecture & Art Fuzhou 350002 Peoples R China Fujian Inst Trop Crops Zhangzhou 363001 Peoples R China Qingyuan Agr Sci & Technol Extens Serv Ctr Qingyuan 511518 Peoples R China

Methyleugenol is widely found in essential oils from aromatic plants, attracting insects for pollination and possessing antimicrobial and antioxidant features. Methyleugenol content in the essential oil from Melaleuca bracteata leaves is 90.46 %, making it an excellent material for assessing methyleugenol's biosynthetic pathway. Eugenol synthase (EGS) and eugenol-o-methyltransferase (EOMT) represent key genes in methyleugenol's biosynthetic pathway but their respective functions are unclear. In this study, overexpression and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) techniques were applied to investigate the major regulatory gene among MbEGS1, MbEGS2, MbEGS3, and MbEGS4 in the biosynthesis pathway of methyleugenol. We also aimed to examine the coordination mechanism between EGS and EOMT in methyleugenol production by M. bracteata. The data revealed MbEGS4 transcription and methyleugenol content were most significantly increased after overexpression of the MbEGS1-4 gene in M. bracteata and Fragaria vesca. Conversely, MbEGS4 transcription and methyleugenol content were most significantly reduced after MbEGS1-4 gene silencing by VIGS in M. bracteata. These results underscore a major regulatory role for the MbEGS4 gene in the biosynthetic pathway of methyleugenol in M. bracteata. Remarkably, upon overexpression and silencing of MbEOMTs, the transcription levels of MbEGSs were notably upregulated, with MbEGS4 showing the highest increase. Collectively, these findings suggested the presence of a specific transcription factor bound to the promoters of MbEGS and MbEOMT, inducing their expression for the synergistic and efficient production of methyleugenol in M. bracteata.

关键词： Phenylpropene Methyleugenol Biosynthesis Eugenol synthase gene

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