The rational tailoring and molecular-level engineering of stable cathode-electrolyte interphases (CEIs) is paramount to advancing the performance of next-generation high-energy, layered nickel-rich oxide-based lithium...
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The rational tailoring and molecular-level engineering of stable cathode-electrolyte interphases (CEIs) is paramount to advancing the performance of next-generation high-energy, layered nickel-rich oxide-based lithium metal batteries. However, developing well-tailored electrolyte additives with rationally controlled interfacial chemistry remains highly challenging. Here, two lithium borates: lithium (2-methoxy-15-crown-5)trifluoroborate (C-LiMCFB) and lithium (15-methoxy-2,5,8,11,14-pentaoxahexadecan)trifluoroborate (L-LiMCFB), incorporating cyclic 15-crown-5 (15C5) and linear pentaethylene glycol monomethyl ether (PEGME) as respective host groups tethered to the boron center are designed and synthesized. In C-LiMCFB, the supramolecular polydentate chelation/de-chelation of the 15C5 with Li + can sequentially deactivate/activate the anodic decomposition of the C─O bonds, therefore leading to the controlled cleavage pathway of B─O and C─O bonds. The controlled interfacial chemistry leads to the formation of a uniform CEI layer, rich in lithium boron–oxygen clusters interwoven with LiF, on the NCM811 surface. This novel CEI configuration demonstrates an exceptional balance of mechanical robustness, adhesiveness, and toughness, providing highly desirable protection for the NCM811 cathode. The discovery of these novel supramolecular boron-based lithium salts not only unlocks supramolecular chemistry for rational electrolyte tuning but also provides a deeper understanding of the CEI formation mechanism in high-energy lithium metal batteries.
Aims: Arrhythmogenesis of chronic myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with the prolongation of action potential, reduction of inward rectifier potassium (I-K1, Kir) channels and hyper-activity of Calcium/calmodul...
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Aims: Arrhythmogenesis of chronic myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with the prolongation of action potential, reduction of inward rectifier potassium (I-K1, Kir) channels and hyper-activity of Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) in cardiomyocytes. Zacopride, a selective I-K1 agonist, was applied to clarify the cardioprotection of I-K1 agonism via a CaMKII signaling on arrhythmias post-MI. Methods: Male SD rats were implanted wireless transmitter in the abdominal cavity and subjected to left main coronary artery ligation or sham operation. The telemetric ECGs were monitored per day throughout 4 weeks. At the endpoint, isoproterenol (1.28 mg/kg, i.v.) was administered for provocation test. The expressions of Kir2.1 (dominant subunit of I-K1 in ventricle) and CaMKII were detected by Western-blotting. Key findings: In the telemetric rats post-MI, zacopride significantly reduced the episodes of atrioventricular conduction block (AVB), premature ventricular contraction (PVC), ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF), without significant effect on superventricular premature contraction (SPVC). In provocation test, zacopride suppressed the onset of ventricular arrhythmias in conscious PMI or sham rats. The expression of Kir2.1 was significantly downregulated and p-CaMKII was upregulated post-MI, whereas both were restored by zacopride treatment. Significance: I-K1/Kir2.1 might be an attractive target for pharmacological controlling of lethal arrhythmias post MI.
The effect of hydrotreatment of liquefied heavy oil on direct coal liquefaction (DCL) was studied by hydrogenating the liquefied heavy oil (initial boiling point greater than 320 degrees C) in a 30 ml continuous hydro...
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The effect of hydrotreatment of liquefied heavy oil on direct coal liquefaction (DCL) was studied by hydrogenating the liquefied heavy oil (initial boiling point greater than 320 degrees C) in a 30 ml continuous hydrogenation apparatus at operating conditions of pressure (P) 13-19 MPa, temperature (T) 360-400 degrees C, liquid space velocity (LHSV) 0.6-1.4 h(-1). After hydrogenation, the properties and hydrocarbon composition of liquefied heavy oil were regulated, leading to the enhancement of hydrogen donating ability and 5.6% increase in oil yield of DCL as compared with non-hydrogenated raw oil. Based on the results, a new method of preparing recycle solvent for direct coal liquefaction by mixing hydrogenated heavy oil and un-hydrogenated middle oil in a suitable proportion was proposed, which has been verified to be effective and efficient to increase oil yield. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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