In situ transcriptomic techniques promise a holistic view of tissue organization and cell-cell interactions. There has been a surge of multiplexed RNA in situ mapping techniques but their application to human tissues ...
In situ transcriptomic techniques promise a holistic view of tissue organization and cell-cell interactions. There has been a surge of multiplexed RNA in situ mapping techniques but their application to human tissues has been limited due to their large size, general lower tissue quality and high autofluorescence. Here we report DART-FISH, a padlock probe-based technology capable of profiling hundreds to thousands of genes in centimeter-sized human tissue sections. We introduce an omni-cell type cytoplasmic stain that substantially improves the segmentation of cell bodies. Our enzyme-free isothermal decoding procedure allows us to image 121 genes in large sections from the human neocortex in <10 h. We successfully recapitulated the cytoarchitecture of 20 neuronal and non-neuronal subclasses. We further performed in situ mapping of 300 genes on a diseased human kidney, profiled >20 healthy and pathological cell states, and identified diseased niches enriched in transcriptionally altered epithelial cells and myofibroblasts.
Fe35Ni35Cr20Mn10 high-entropy alloy wire with a diameter of 0.45 mm, prepared by continuous cold-drawing from a rod with a diameter of 6.34 mm, was subjected to high-temperature annealing at 600, 700, 800, 900, and 10...
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Fe35Ni35Cr20Mn10 high-entropy alloy wire with a diameter of 0.45 mm, prepared by continuous cold-drawing from a rod with a diameter of 6.34 mm, was subjected to high-temperature annealing at 600, 700, 800, 900, and 1000 degrees C for 1 h. The microstructure and mechanical properties in different states were investigated by microscopy observations and tensile testing. The wire in the as-drawn state exhibited the highest strength but the lowest elongation because of its fine multilayer structure and high dislocation density. Annealing, particularly at higher temperatures, considerably reduced the yield strength and caused significant recovery in both the elongation and strain-hardening exponent. Increasing the annealing temperature significantly decreased the dislocation density, notably coarsened the recrystallized grains, and significantly increased the fraction of twin boundaries and mean widths of annealing twins. The yield strength was found to be positively related to the dislocation density, and the elongation exhibited a negative relationship. In addition to the decrease in dislocation density, the formation of annealing twins played an important role in enhancing the elongation.
Patients diagnosed with radioiodine refractory thyroid cancer (RAIR-TC) are not amenable to novel I-131 therapy due to the reduced expression of sodium iodide symporter (Na+/I- symporter, NIS) and/or the impairment of...
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Patients diagnosed with radioiodine refractory thyroid cancer (RAIR-TC) are not amenable to novel I-131 therapy due to the reduced expression of sodium iodide symporter (Na+/I- symporter, NIS) and/or the impairment of NIS trafficking to the plasma membrane. RAIR-TC patients have a relatively poor prognosis with a mean life expectancy of 3-5 years, contributing to the majority of TC-associated mortality. Identifying RAIR-TC patients and selecting proper treatment strategies remain challenging for clinicians. In this review, we demonstrate the updated clinical scenarios or the so-called "definitions" of RAIR-TC suggested by several associations based on I-131 uptake ability and tumor response post-I-131 therapy. We also discuss current knowledge of the molecular alterations involved in membrane-localized NIS loss, which provides a preclinical basis for the development of targeted therapies, in particular, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), redifferentiation approaches, and immune checkpoint inhibitors.
In this study, a series of semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) structure proton exchange membranes (PEMs) based on linear polyolefins and cross-linked poly(phenylene oxide) (cPPO) was fabricated for fuel cell app...
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In this study, a series of semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) structure proton exchange membranes (PEMs) based on linear polyolefins and cross-linked poly(phenylene oxide) (cPPO) was fabricated for fuel cell applications. The newly synthesized membranes exhibit better flexibility and higher chemical and thermal stability than cPPO membrane owing to a semi-IPN structure. After treatment with Fenton's reagent at 80 degrees C for 240 h, all the synthesized semi-IPN membranes (cPPO-[AN-VBIm]x) show a remaining mass of >90%, indicating good oxidation stability. The proton conductivity and fuel cell performance of cPPO-[AN-VBIm](50) membranes (91 mS cm(-1) at 160 degrees C and 514 mW cm(-2) at 140 degrees C, respectively) are better than those of cPPO membranes (51 mS cm(-1) and 87 mW cm(-2), respectively under the same conditions). This study contributes significantly toward membrane research, reporting a facile and efficient method for fabricating high-performance phosphoric acid-doped membranes for high-temperature fuel cell applications that could guide future studies on efficient and practicable high-temperature PEMs.
Potential-selective electrochemiluminescence (ECL) with tunable maximum-emission-potential ranging from 0.95 to 0.30 V is achieved using AgInS2/ZnS nanocrystals, which is promising in the design of multiplexed bioassa...
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Potential-selective electrochemiluminescence (ECL) with tunable maximum-emission-potential ranging from 0.95 to 0.30 V is achieved using AgInS2/ZnS nanocrystals, which is promising in the design of multiplexed bioassay on commercialized ECL setups. The model system AgInS2/ZnS/N2H4 exhibits efficient ECL around 0.30 V and can be exploited for sensitive immunoassays with less electrochemical interference and crosstalk.
Cotton fiber (Gossypium hirsutum) serves as an ideal model for investigating the molecular mechanisms of plant cell elongation at the single-cell level. Brassinosteroids (BRs) play a crucial role in regulating plant g...
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Cotton fiber (Gossypium hirsutum) serves as an ideal model for investigating the molecular mechanisms of plant cell elongation at the single-cell level. Brassinosteroids (BRs) play a crucial role in regulating plant growth and development. However, the mechanism by which BR influences cotton fiber elongation remains incompletely understood. In this study, we identified EXORDIUM-like (GhEXL3) through transcriptome analysis of fibers from BR-deficient cotton mutant pagoda 1 (pag1) and BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR 1 (GhBES1.4, encoding a central transcription factor of BR signaling) overexpression cotton lines. Knockout of GhEXL3 using CRISPR/Cas9 was found to impede cotton fiber elongation, while its overexpression promoted fiber elongation, suggesting a positive regulatory function for GhEXL3 in fiber elongation. Furthermore, in vitro ovule culture experiments revealed that the overexpression of GhEXL3 partially counteracted the inhibitory effects of brassinazole (BRZ) on cotton fiber elongation, providing additional evidence of GhEXL3 involvement in BR signaling pathways. Moreover, our findings demonstrate that GhBES1.4 directly binds to the E-box (CACGTG) motif in the GhEXL3 promoter region and enhances its transcription. RNA-seq analysis revealed that overexpression of GhEXL3 upregulated the expression of EXPs, XTHs, and other genes associated with fiber cell elongation. Overall, our study contributes to understanding the mechanism by which BR regulates the elongation of cotton fibers through the direct modulation of GhEXL3 expression by GhBES1.4.
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