The crude extract of the endophytePaecilomyces variotii known as ZhiNengCong（ZNC）has function of promoting plant growth and enhancing disease resistance and is widely used in *** study aims to evaluate the molecular...
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The crude extract of the endophytePaecilomyces variotii known as ZhiNengCong（ZNC）has function of promoting plant growth and enhancing disease resistance and is widely used in *** study aims to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of plant growth promotion and disease *** generated transcriptome profiles from ZNC-treated seedlings using RNA *** function of salicylic acid（SA） in ZNC-mediated immunity was examined using SA biosynthesis and signaling pathway *** concentrations of nitrogen（N） and phosphorus（P） in seedlings under ZNC treatment were *** effect of ZNC on the level of the hormone auxin in roots was tested using transgenic plants containing DR5:*** exhibited ultrahigh activity in promoting plant growth and enhancing disease resistance,even at concentrations as low as 1-10 ng/*** induced ROS accumulation,callose deposition,and expression of PR *** biosynthesis and signaling pathways were required for the ZNC-mediated defense ***,in improving plant growth,ZNC increased the level of auxin in root tips and regulated the absorption of N and *** to these results,ZNC is a highly effective plant elicitor that promotes plant growth by inducing auxin accumulation at the root tip at low concentrations and enhances plant disease resistance by activating the SA signaling pathway at high concentrations.
Binding of different ligands to glucocorticoid receptor (GR) may induce different conformational changes and even trigger completely opposite biological functions. To understand the allosteric communication within the...
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Binding of different ligands to glucocorticoid receptor (GR) may induce different conformational changes and even trigger completely opposite biological functions. To understand the allosteric communication within the GR ligand binding domain, the folding pathway of helix 12 (H12) induced by the binding of the agonist dexamethasone (DEX), antagonist RU486, and modulator AZD9567 are explored by molecular dynamics simulations and Markov state model analysis. The ligands can regulate the volume of the activation function-2 through the residues Phe737 and Gln738. Without ligand or with agonist binding, H12 swings from inward to outward to visit different folding positions. However, the binding of RU486 or AZD9567 perturbs the structural state, and the passive antagonist state appears more stable. Structure-based virtual screening and in vitro bioassays are used to discover novel GR ligands that bias the conformation equilibria toward the passive antagonist state. HP-19 exhibits the best anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 = 0.041 +/- 0.011 mu m) in nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway, which is comparable to that of DEX. HP-19 also does not induce adverse effect-related transactivation functions of GR. The novel ligands discovered here may serve as promising starting points for the development of GR modulators.
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