The adjuvant CVC1302 was previously shown to efficiently enhance the immunogenicity of killed footand-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in mice and piglets. However, the underlining mechanism of action of CVC1302 remains unc...
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The adjuvant CVC1302 was previously shown to efficiently enhance the immunogenicity of killed footand-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in mice and piglets. However, the underlining mechanism of action of CVC1302 remains unclear, especially at local injection sites and draining lymph nodes. Since the FMDV vaccine is administrated intramuscularly in field settings, we studied local immune responses to FMDV following intramuscular injection in mice, and found that CVC1302-adjuvanted killed FMDV (KV-CVC1302) induced secretion of several chemokines in murine muscle tissues, including MCP-1, MIP-1 alpha, and mIP-1 beta. The number of monocytes recruited to the site of injection was significantly higher in mice immunized with KV-CVC1302 compared with mice immunized with killed FMDV alone (MV). iTAQ-based quantitative proteomic assays were additionally employed to explore the molecular mechanisms of CVC1302 action in the draining lymph nodes. A total of 35 proteins were identified as being differentially expressed among the control group, KV-immunized group and KV-CVC1302-immunized group at 10 days post immunization (dpi). Proteins exhibiting differential expression were mainly involved in signal transduction, apoptosis, endocytosis and innate immune responses. Pathway analysis demonstrated that AMPK, phospholipase D, cAMP, Rapt, and MAPK signaling pathways were potentially induced by the immunopotentiator CVC1302. Understanding the local mechanism of CVC1302 action at injection sites and draining lymph nodes will provide new insights into the development of FMDV vaccines. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
China's electricity market is now still in the mode of 'Unified market and two-tier operation' including provincial and inter-provincial market. The inter-provincial market is divided into the medium and l...
China's electricity market is now still in the mode of 'Unified market and two-tier operation' including provincial and inter-provincial market. The inter-provincial market is divided into the medium and long-term market and spot market. This study takes the inter provincial spot market as the research object, and proposes a unified optimization clearing algorithm for inter provincial spot market considering path constraints. The proposed method is able to handle AC-DC hybrid electricity network, and sort and determine the trading pairs using power flow tracing algorithm. The power market software PLEXOS and practical market data are used to simulate the proposed model, and the results show the accuracy and effectiveness.
Objectives To provide a comprehensive study of the intervention mechanism and compatible regularity of Chaihu Shu Gan San (CSGS) in a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression model. Methods Ethologi...
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Objectives To provide a comprehensive study of the intervention mechanism and compatible regularity of Chaihu Shu Gan San (CSGS) in a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression model. Methods Ethological study and ELISA assay were applied to measure the phenotypes of depression after CUMS stimulate and assess the antidepressant activity of fluoxetine, CSGS and its compatibilities. The serum metabolic profile changes were revealed by untargeted Q/TOF MS-based metabolomics followed by multivariate statistical analysis. Key findings CSGS exhibits an significant intervention effect on CUMS-induced depression. After the multivariate statistical analysis, 17 potential serum biomarkers were identified and 16 of them could be regulated by CSGS. The intervention of CSGS on CUMS-induced depression involved five key pathways. Moreover, each functional unit (monarch, minister, assistant and guide medicine) in CSGS regulates different metabolites and metabolic pathways to achieve different effects on antidepressant;however, their intervention efficacies are inferior to the holistic formula, which may be due to the synergism of bioactive ingredients in the seven herbs of CSGS. Conclusions CSGS produced an obvious antidepressant activity. The comprehensive and holistic metabolomics approach could be a powerful tool to study the intervention mechanism and the compatibility rule of traditional Chinese medicine.
Precaution of classical swine fever (CSF) is an important mission for the worldwide swine industry. Glycoprotein E2 is the leading antigen candidate for subunit vaccine of classical swine fever virus (CSFV). In this s...
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Precaution of classical swine fever (CSF) is an important mission for the worldwide swine industry. Glycoprotein E2 is the leading antigen candidate for subunit vaccine of classical swine fever virus (CSFV). In this study, two Spy-tagged E2 genes were synthesized in vitro and subcloned into pMCO-AOX vector for intracellular expression in Pichia pastor-is after methanol induction. Western blot analysis and semi-quantitative analysis showed that the yield of recombinant E2 protein was improved 17.87 folds by using co-translocational signal peptide cSIG. After the construction of the tandem multiple copy expression vectors, further increase of E2 production was observed by repetitive transforming expression vectors into P. pastoris genome. Finally, the yeast transformants harboring 8 or 16 copies of cSIG-E2-Spy increased the E2 expression level by 27.01-fold or 30.72-fold, respectively. These results demonstrate that utilizing co-translocational signal peptide together with multi-copy integration strategy can increase the production of recombinant E2 protein efficiently.
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