S-phase kinase-associated protein-2 (Skp2) is overexpressed in human cancers and associated with poor prognosis. Skp2 acts as an oncogenic protein by enhancing cancer cell growth and tumor metastasis. The present stud...
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S-phase kinase-associated protein-2 (Skp2) is overexpressed in human cancers and associated with poor prognosis. Skp2 acts as an oncogenic protein by enhancing cancer cell growth and tumor metastasis. The present study has demonstrated that small hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated downregulation of Skp2 markedly inhibits the viability, proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of human gastric cancer MGC803 cells, which express a high level of Skp2. In contrast, Skp2 shRNA had only a slight effect on the above properties of BGC823 cells, which express a low level of Skp2. In accord, knockdown of Skp2 suppressed the ability of MGC803 cells to form tumors and to metastasize to the lungs of mice, and the growth of established tumors, by inhibiting cell proliferation and enhancing cell apoptosis. In contrast, overexpression of Skp2 promoted tumorigenesis of BGC823 cells in mice. Skp2 depletion induced cell cycle arrest in the G(1)/S phase by upregulating p27, p21, and p57 and downregulating cyclin E and cyclin-dependent kinase 2. Skp2 depletion also increased caspase-3 activity, impeded the ability of cells to form filopoidia and locomote, upregulated RECK (reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs), and downregulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 activity and expression. The results suggest that downregulating Skp2 warrants investigation as a promising strategy to treat gastric cancers that express high levels of Skp2.
Coal gangue, sandy soil and clay (mass ratio 45: 4: 1) as goaf filling materials acquired from coal mining processes were applied to remove Fe and Mn effectively from mining drainage. The results of an adsorption kine...
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Coal gangue, sandy soil and clay (mass ratio 45: 4: 1) as goaf filling materials acquired from coal mining processes were applied to remove Fe and Mn effectively from mining drainage. The results of an adsorption kinetic study showed that the Fe adsorption equation was y = 21.454y + 8.4712, R-2 = 0.9924 and the Mn adsorption equation was y = 7.5409x + 0.905, R-2 = 0.9957. Meanwhile, the goaf filling materials had low desorption capacity (Fe 6.765 mu g/g, Mn 1.52 mu g/g) and desorption ratio (Fe 8.98%, Mn 11.04%). Experiments demonstrated that Fe and Mn from mining drainage could be removed stably at a flow rate of 1.2 L/min, Fe inlet concentration of less than 40 mg/L, Mn inlet concentration of less than 2 mg/L and neutral or alkaline conditions. During a procedure of continuous experiments, the effluent quality could meet the requirement of the 'Code for Engineering Design of Sewage Regeneration-GB503352-2002'. A real-application project using goaf filling materials to treat mining drainage in Shendong coal mine showed that the average cost per ton of mining drainage was about 0.55 RMB, which could bring about considerable economic benefit for coal mining enterprises.
The enantioselective Friedel—Crafts reaction of 1-naphthols with isatins and subsequent treatment of the products with ethyl iodide gives compounds (IV) with good to high enantioselectivities.
The enantioselective Friedel—Crafts reaction of 1-naphthols with isatins and subsequent treatment of the products with ethyl iodide gives compounds (IV) with good to high enantioselectivities.
In recent years, the economy and society in eastern China have achieved rapid development, leading to heterogeneous composition and distribution of urban areas, which were lacking of proper urban planning guidance. Th...
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