The aim of this study was to investigate the time difference (TD) between the onset of uterine contraction (UC) determined from tocodynamometry (TOCO) and identified by maternal perception. The online available Icelan...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509028092
The aim of this study was to investigate the time difference (TD) between the onset of uterine contraction (UC) determined from tocodynamometry (TOCO) and identified by maternal perception. The online available Icelandic database was used to calculate TD, which was defined as the difference between when it was felt by a pregnant woman and the starting point on the UC signal recorded by a TOCO. A total of 295 TDs from 78 recordings (from a total of 33 participants;among them, 13 participants included at least 3 recordings from different gestational weeks) were analyzed with the overall mean +/- SD of TD calculated. For each individual participant with at least 3 recordings, regression analysis was then performed to investigate the relationship between the mean TD from each recording with gestational week, with their overall slope calculated. The results showed that 85.4% of TDs was within [-40, 40] s, with an overall mean TD of 3.04 s (p>0.05), indicating that there was no significant difference between the UC onset determined from TOCO and maternal perception. It was also noticed that 61.5% recordings (48 out of 78 recordings) had all positive or negative TD for all the UCs analyzed within a recording. Furthermore, the regression analysis showed that the regression line slope was negative for 10 out of the 13 participants with at least 3 recordings from different gestational weeks, resulting in that the overall slope (-2.85 +/- 5.58) was significantly negative (p<0.05), and indicating that UC onset TD decreased with gestational weeks. In summary, this study quantitatively investigated the TD between the onset of UCs determined from TOCO and maternal perception, providing scientific evidence for future studies to understand the underlying mechanism of the time sequence of UC activity determined from different techniques.
This paper presents a 6-8GHz 2Mb/s Chirp-UWB (C-UWB) transceiver implemented in 65nm CMOS. The transceiver performs burst-mode transmission with an optimum duty-cycle control by utilizing a steep digital gradient gene...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509012350
This paper presents a 6-8GHz 2Mb/s Chirp-UWB (C-UWB) transceiver implemented in 65nm CMOS. The transceiver performs burst-mode transmission with an optimum duty-cycle control by utilizing a steep digital gradient generation circuit in the transmitter. To enhance sensitivity and interference immunity, a slope detection based decision method is employed in the receiver by utilizing a 2-bit continuous-time sample-and-hold ADC, which obtains more information of the received signal compared to the single-threshold decision. The 2Mb/s transceiver consumes 1.8mW from a 1V supply, achieving an energy efficiency of 0.9nJ/bit.
An organocatalytic enantioselective Friedel-Crafts alkylation of 1-naphthols with isatins has been developed. The process is catalyzed by a simple cinchona alkaloid derived thiourea and gives biologically interesting,...
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An organocatalytic enantioselective Friedel-Crafts alkylation of 1-naphthols with isatins has been developed. The process is catalyzed by a simple cinchona alkaloid derived thiourea and gives biologically interesting, enantioenriched 3-(naphthalen-2-yl)-3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles in moderate to good yields of 42-83% and with good to high enantioselectivity of up to 94% ee. Furthermore, an unexpected intramolecular dehydration reaction proceeds spontaneously with 4-substituted 1-naphthols to offer structurally different ketone oxindoles.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by persistent joint inflammation leading to bone and cartilage damage and even disability. However, the pathogenesis of RA is multi-factorial an...
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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by persistent joint inflammation leading to bone and cartilage damage and even disability. However, the pathogenesis of RA is multi-factorial and to a large degree, remains unknown. Danggui Sini decoction (DSD), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, has been widely used as a remedy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in recent years. In our study, H-1-nuclear magnetic resonance (H-1 NMR) based metabolomics analysis of 7 potential biomarkers, including taurine (1), urea (2), betaine (3), pyruvate (4), hippurate (5), succinate (6) and acetone (7) was performed to investigate the progression of RA and assess the efficacy of DSD in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats. According to pathway analysis using identified metabolites and correlation construction, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, gut microbiota metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, the citrate cycle (TCA cycle) and lipid metabolism were recognized as being the most influenced metabolic pathways associated with RA. As a result, deviations of metabolites 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 in CIA rats were improved by DSD, which suggested that DSD mediated the abnormal metabolic pathways synergistically. In summary, the efficacy and its underlying therapeutic mechanisms of DSD on RA were systematically investigated and expect to provide a new insight in relevant studies of other TCM formulas.
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