S-phase kinase-associated protein-2 (Skp2) is overexpressed in human cancers and associated with poor prognosis. Skp2 acts as an oncogenic protein by enhancing cancer cell growth and tumor metastasis. The present stud...
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S-phase kinase-associated protein-2 (Skp2) is overexpressed in human cancers and associated with poor prognosis. Skp2 acts as an oncogenic protein by enhancing cancer cell growth and tumor metastasis. The present study has demonstrated that small hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated downregulation of Skp2 markedly inhibits the viability, proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of human gastric cancer MGC803 cells, which express a high level of Skp2. In contrast, Skp2 shRNA had only a slight effect on the above properties of BGC823 cells, which express a low level of Skp2. In accord, knockdown of Skp2 suppressed the ability of MGC803 cells to form tumors and to metastasize to the lungs of mice, and the growth of established tumors, by inhibiting cell proliferation and enhancing cell apoptosis. In contrast, overexpression of Skp2 promoted tumorigenesis of BGC823 cells in mice. Skp2 depletion induced cell cycle arrest in the G(1)/S phase by upregulating p27, p21, and p57 and downregulating cyclin E and cyclin-dependent kinase 2. Skp2 depletion also increased caspase-3 activity, impeded the ability of cells to form filopoidia and locomote, upregulated RECK (reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs), and downregulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 activity and expression. The results suggest that downregulating Skp2 warrants investigation as a promising strategy to treat gastric cancers that express high levels of Skp2.
The measurement of volume pulse waves may be easily affected based on the measured position (different fingers or toes), body posture, as well as other factors. Therefore, interferences during measurement need to be r...
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The measurement of volume pulse waves may be easily affected based on the measured position (different fingers or toes), body posture, as well as other factors. Therefore, interferences during measurement need to be removed. For this study, relevant parameters of volume pulse wave were obtained by changing the affecting factors. The data were analyzed in order to indicate the differences in volume pulse wave parameters among different fingers and toes in four postures. Results showed that when subjects were lying, inclined or in a sitting posture, volume pulse wave parameters of the index finger, middle finger and ring finger on both hands displayed no apparent differences. When subjects were in a sitting posture, volume pulse wave parameters of the big, second and third toes on both feet showed no significant differences.
The enantioselective Friedel—Crafts reaction of 1-naphthols with isatins and subsequent treatment of the products with ethyl iodide gives compounds (IV) with good to high enantioselectivities.
The enantioselective Friedel—Crafts reaction of 1-naphthols with isatins and subsequent treatment of the products with ethyl iodide gives compounds (IV) with good to high enantioselectivities.
In recent years, the economy and society in eastern China have achieved rapid development, leading to heterogeneous composition and distribution of urban areas, which were lacking of proper urban planning guidance. Th...
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