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Start up of anammox process with activated sludge treating high ammonium industrial wastewaters as a favorable seeding sludge source

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INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION 2018年 127卷 17-25页

作者： Chi, Yong-Zhi Zhang, Yu Yang, Min Tian, Zhe Liu, Ru-Yin Yan, Feng-Ying Zang, Ya-Nan Chinese Acad Sci Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci State Key Lab Environm Aquat Chem Beijing 100085 Peoples R China Tianjin Chengjian Univ Sch Environm & Municipal Engn Tianjin 300384 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing 100049 Peoples R China

It is a big challenge to select suitable seeding sludge for the quick startup of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) systems. Six seeding sludge originating from three municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and three industrial WWTPs with high influent ammonium concentrations (landfill, coking and antibiotic production wastewater) were selected to explore suitable seeding sludge for the startup of anammox systems. The abundances of anammox bacteria in the six seeding sludge were characterized by quantitative PCR targeting the hydrazine synthase beta subunit (hzsB) genes, and industrial sludge samples exhibited relatively higher abundances of anammox bacteria than the municipal ones. The logarithm of anammox bacterial abundance in seeding sludge was significantly correlated with the influent ammonium concentration (p < 0.05). Start up performance was evaluated for five (three municipal and two industrial sources) of the six sludge samples in semi-batch mode for 175 d. It took 18-86 d for the five sludge to exhibit detectable anammox activity, with two industrial source sludge (coking wastewater and landfill leachate) exhibiting the shortest start up times (18-33 d). Cloning analysis showed that all of the five final anammox sludge were dominated by Brocadia or Brocadia-like species. This study showed that industrial WWTP sludge treating ammonium rich wastewater might be a good candidate seeding source for the quick startup of anammox process.

关键词： Anammox Start up Industrial wastewater Seeding sludge Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria

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A Laterally Driven MEMS Inertial Switch With Double-Layer Suspended Springs for Improving Single-Axis Sensitivity

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPONENTS PACKAGING AND MANUFACTURING techNOLOGY 2018年第10期8卷 1845-1854页

作者： Yang, Zhuoqing Shi, Jianhao Yao, Jinyuan Zhang, Xiaojing Ding, Guifu Zhao, Xiaolin Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Natl Key Lab Sci & Technol Micro Nano Fabricat Sch Elect Informat & Elect Engn Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China

A novel laterally driven inertial switch with double-layer springs has been proposed and fabricated by surface micromachining technology for improving single-axial sensitivity. The symmetrical distribution of double-layer suspended springs and the constraint structures limits the displacement of the proof mass in the off-axis sensitive direction under an acceleration disturbance. The ANSYS simulation results reveal that compared with the inertial switch with one layer springs, the symmetrical distribution of double-layer serpentine springs effectively reduces the displacement of the proof mass in the off-axis direction. The design of symmetrical distribution of double-layer serpentine springs plays an important role in resisting small acceleration disturbance from the off-axis sensitive z-direction, and the constraint structures can resist the large acceleration disturbance. The modal analysis, contact time, and the collision response in the inertial switch have also been simulated and discussed. Finally, the proposed inertial switch has been fabricated successfully, and the prototype is tested by a dropping hammer system. The test results show that the threshold level of the fabricated inertial switch is 272 g with 20-mu s contact time. The combined efforts of double-layer suspended springs and constraint structures effectively lower off-axis sensitivity and improve the single-axis sensitivity of the microelectromechanical system inertial switch.

关键词： Axial sensitivity double-layer springs inertial switch microelectromechanical system (MEMS)

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Design and characterization of an inertial microswitch with synchronous follow-up flexible compliant electrodes capable of extending contact duration

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SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL 2018年 270卷 34-45页

作者： Xu, Qiu Sun, Bin Li, Yigui Xiang, Xiaojian Lai, Liyan Li, Jian Ding, Guifu Zhao, Xiaolin Yang, Zhuoqing Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Elect Informat & Elect Engn Natl Key Lab Sci & Technol Micro Nano Fabricat Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Shenzhen Inst Adv Technol Inst Biomed & Hlth Engn Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China Shanghai Inst Technol Sch Sci Shanghai 201418 Peoples R China

An inertial microswitch with synchronous follow-up compliant electrodes for extending the contact duration is proposed in this paper. A flexible movable electrode and a stationary electrode in the double-stair and spring-shape structures are used for not only extending contact duration but also reducing the impact bounces. The simulated contact time can reach 350 mu s under 500 g applied acceleration, which indicates there is a better contact effect than that reported elsewhere. The fabricated inertial microswitch based on surface micromachining technology was characterized by the dropping hammer system. No contact bouncing behavior can be observed under the acceleration amplitude 466 g and the test contact duration can reach 390 mu s, longer than the microwitch with only one flexible electrode. The testing comparison of the microswitches with and without constraint structure indicates that the contact-bouncing behavior is easier to happen if without constraint structure, which indicates that the designed constraint structure can restrain the vibration of the proof mass in z-off-axis sensitive direction and effectively improve the stability of the device. The test results have an agreement with the simulated ones. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Inertial microswitch Surface micromachining Bounce behavior Contact duration

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All-fiber probe for optical coherence tomography with an extended depth of focus by a high-efficient fiber-based filter

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OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS 2018年 413卷 276-282页

作者： Qiu, Jianrong Shen, Yi Shangguan, Ziwei Bao, Wen Yang, Shanshan Li, Peng Ding, Zhihua Zhejiang Univ Coll Opt Sci & Engn State Key Lab Modern Optic Instrumentat Hangzhou 310027 Zhejiang Peoples R China

Although methods have been proposed to maintain high transverse resolution over an increased depth range, it is not straightforward to scale down the bulk-optic solutions to minimized probes of optical coherence tomography (OCT). In this paper, we propose a high-efficient fiber-based filter in an all-fiber OCT probe to realize an extended depth of focus (DOF) while maintaining a high transverse resolution. Mode interference in the probe is exploited to modulate the complex field with controllable radial distribution. The principle of DOF extension by the fiber-based filter is theoretically analyzed. Numerical simulations are conducted to evaluate the performances of the designed probes. A DOF extension ratio of 2.6 over conventional Gaussian beam is obtainable in one proposed probe under a focused beam diameter of 4.6 mu m. Coupling efficiencies of internal interfaces of the proposed probe are below -40 dB except the last probe-air interface, which can also be depressed to be -44 dB after minor modification in lengths for the filter. Length tolerance of the proposed probe is determined to be -28/+20 mu m, which is readily satisfied in fabrication. With the merits of extended-DOF, high-resolution, high-efficiency and easy-fabrication, the proposed probe is promising in endoscopic applications. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fiber-based filter Depth of focus extension Beam propagation method Optical coherence tomography

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A contact-enhanced MEMS inertial switch with electrostatic force assistance and multi-step pulling action for prolonging contact time

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MICROSYSTEM techNOLOGIES-MICRO-AND NANOSYSTEMS-INFORMATION STORAGE AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS 2018年第7期24卷 3179-3191页

作者： Li, Jian Wang, Yan Li, Yue Fu, Bo Sun, Yunna Yao, Jinyuan Ding, Guifu Zhao, Xiaolin Yang, Zhuoqing Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Elect Informat & Elect Engn Natl Key Lab Sci & Technol Micro Nano Fabricat Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China Huaihai Ind Grp Co Ltd Changzhi 046012 Peoples R China

A MEMS inertial switch with electrostatic force assistance and multi-step pulling action has been designed, fabricated and tested. The new design can help the electrodes weaken the bounce and keep a long contact before the leakage of electricity ends. Compared with the traditional inertial switch, the designed flexible connecting multi-plane moving electrode can realize the multi-step pulling action to reduce the pulling voltage and eliminate the rebounding phenomenon. The fixed electrode is designed as an array-type interconnection structure, which is fixed on the insulated glass substrate and mutually insulated with the pulling electrode by air. The dynamic switching and pulling performance under different boundary conditions are simulated by the COMSOL multi-physics field coupling commercial software, which confirms the designed inertial switch realize the expected functions. The fabricated inertial switch is tested by a standard dropping hammer system, which shows that the inertial switch with electrostatic force assistance has no bounce behavior, and similar to 540 mu s long stable contact time is obtained.

关键词： Electrostatic force

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A flexible motion tracking system based on inertial sensors

A flexible motion tracking system based on inertial sensors

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Asia Conference on Mechanical Engineering and Aerospace Engineering (MEAE)

作者： Han, Zhonghao Hu, Lei Guo, Na Yang, Biao Liu, Hongsheng Wang, Yuhan Beihang Univ Sch Mech Engn & Automat Beijing 100191 Peoples R China

As a newly emerging human-computer interaction, motion tracking technology offers a way to extract human motion data. This paper presents a series of techniques to improve the flexibility of the motion tracking system based on the inertial measurement units (IMUs). First, we built a most miniatured wireless tracking node by integrating an IMU, a Wi-Fi module and a power supply. Then, the data transfer rate was optimized using an asynchronous query method. Finally, to simplify the setup and make the interchangeability of all nodes possible, we designed a calibration procedure and trained a support vector machine (SVM) model to determine the binding relation between the body segments and the tracking nodes after setup. The evaluations of the whole system justify the effectiveness of proposed methods and demonstrate its advantages compared to other commercial motion tracking system.

关键词： Human computer interaction

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Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) based nanoparticles composed of AIE luminogens and NIR dyes with enhanced three-photon near-infrared emission for in vivo brain angiography

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NANOSCALE 2018年第21期10卷 10025-10032页

作者： Liu, Wen Wang, Yalun Han, Xiao Lu, Ping Zhu, Liang Sun, Chaowei Qian, Jun He, Sailing Zhejiang Univ Ctr Opt & Electromagnet Res State Key Lab Modern Opt Instrumentat Hangzhou 310058 Zhejiang Peoples R China Jilin Univ State Key Lab Supramol Struct & Mat Changchun 130012 Jilin Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Interdisciplinary Inst Neurosci & Technol Hangzhou 310058 Zhejiang Peoples R China Royal Inst Technol Sch Elect Engn SE-10044 Stockholm Sweden

Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence is very important for high-contrast biological imaging of high-scattering tissues such as brain tissue. Unfortunately, commercial NIR dyes are excited usually by visible light, and their multi-photon absorption (MPA) cross-sections are small. Here, we design new co-encapsulated NIR nanoparticles (NPs) with a large three-photon (3PA) absorption cross-section. A form of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) luminogen (AIEgen), 2,3-bis(4-(diphenylamino)-[1,1-biphenyl]-4-yl) fumaronitrile (TPATCN), is introduced as the donor, and a form of NIR dye, silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis-(trihexylsilyloxide) (NIR775), is adopted as the acceptor. Under the excitation of a 1550 nm fs laser, TPATCN-NIR775 NPs demonstrated a bright three-photon fluorescence centered at 785 nm. The energy transfer efficiency of the TPATCN-NIR775 NPs was calculated to be as high as 90%, which could be attributed to the good spectral overlap between the emission of TPATCN and the absorption of NIR775. By injection with TPATCN-NIR775 NPs, a vivid 3D reconstruction of mouse brain vasculature was obtained with even small blood vessels clearly visualized. The design strategy used for the co-encapsulated AIE-NIR NPs would be helpful in synthesizing more NIR probes for deep-tissue biological imaging in the future.

关键词： Nanoparticles

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A new multi-source and dynamic energy modeling method for machine tools

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING techNOLOGY 2018年第9-12期95卷 4485-4495页

作者： Yan Wei Zhang Hua Jiang Zhi-gang Hon, K. K. B. Wuhan Univ Sci & Technol Key Lab Met Equipment & Control Technol Minist Educ Wuhan 430081 Hubei Peoples R China Wuhan Univ Sci & Technol Hubei Key Lab Mech Transmiss & Mfg Engn Wuhan 430081 Hubei Peoples R China Univ Liverpool Sch Engn Liverpool 69 3GH Merseyside England

Energy is a core part for the sustainable development of machine tool industry;its intensity and utilization has become increasingly important with the concern over global climate change. Machine tools, as a vital part of energy consumption, have major significance for energy savings and carbon emissions. To achieve such energy savings, a precise energy model of a machine tool is a primary register to provide decision support for energy efficiency evaluation and optimization. As there are numerous machine tool components and each with its own characteristic energy signature, the energy consumption of a machine tool has a complex multi-source and dynamic characteristic. To describe such characteristic, a new methodology of energy modeling is proposed with the components working states of machine tools. Firstly, the components of a machine tool are divided into two classifications according to their energy characteristics, i.e., time-varying units (TVUs) and non-time-varying units (NTVUs). Secondly, the working states and coupling relationship of TVUs and NTVUs are studied, and a segmented energy modeling method of TVUs and NTVUs is proposed. Thirdly, the work state execution and coupling relationship of TVUs and NTVUs are combined into a description model of machine tools based on the Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN), and the energy data association of the model is also studied. Finally, a case study of computer numerical control (CNC) milling machine is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model.

关键词： Machine tool Time-varying and non-time-varying units Multi-source and dynamic characteristics Coupling relationship Business Process Model and Notation

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Effectiveness and safety of different amifostine regimens：Preliminary results of a phase Ⅱ multicenter randomized controlled trial

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Chinese Journal of Cancer research 2018年第3期30卷 307-314页

作者： Hui Chang Wei Yi Xiaohui Wang Yalan Tao Xin Yang Chen Chen Wenwen Zhang Shu Zhou Songran Liu Xiaohui Li Shirong Ding Jing Li Gong Li Xunfan Shao Yimin Liu Weishu Song Yunfei Xia Departrnent of Radiation Oncology Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine Guangzhou 510060 China Department of Radiation Oncology the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou 510120 China Department of Oneology People's Liberation Army 421 Hospital Guangzhou 510318 China Department of Oncology the Main Guangzhou Hospital of the Guangzhou Military Region Guangzhou 510010 China Department of Oneology Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510530 China Department of Radiation Oneology the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College Guangzhou 510095 China Department of Radiation Ontology the Second Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510120 China Department of Oneology Guangdong Second People's Hospital Guangzhou 510317 China

Objective：The radioprotective effects of amifostine remain uncertain in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma（NPC）,and adverse effects and cost limit generalization of its classical everyday *** phase II multicenter randomized controlled trial aimed to explore whether amifostine could ameliorate the toxicities of NPC patients in the era of intensity-modulated radiotherapy（IMRT）,and to compare different regimens of amifostine on effectiveness and ***：Patients with stage I–IVB NPC were involved prospectively from January 1st,*** patients received radical treatment based on *** a randomization stratified by their stage,these patients were allocated into 3 groups：the group treated without amifostine,the group treated with the everyday regimen of amifostine,and the group treated with the every-other-day *** 3 groups of patients were compared on radiotherapy-related acute toxicities,treatment effects of NPC,and amifostine-related *** trial was registered on the ***（ID：NCT01762514）.Results：Until August 31st,2017,totally 187 patients completed experimental *** amifostine of everyday regimen appeared to reduce the patient proportion of mucositis（79.1%vs.96.8%,P=0.002）.Hypocalcemia was less common in patients treated without amifostine than in those treated with amifostine（22.6%vs.53.4%vs.41.8%,P=0.002）.Neither complete remission rates nor the survivals were affected by ***：Amifostine of everyday regimen could reduce mucositis in NPC patients who received IMRT,though it also had the possibility to cause more hypocalcemia.

关键词： Nasopharyngeal carcinoma amifostine intensity-modulated radiotherapy acute toxicity

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Improving sidewall roughness by combined RIE-Bosch process

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MATERIALS SCIENCE IN SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSING 2018年 83卷 186-191页

作者： Fu, Jianyu Li, Junjie Yu, Jiahan Liu, Ruiwen Li, Junfeng Wang, Weibing Wang, Wenwu Chen, Dapeng Chinese Acad Sci Inst Microelect Smart Sensing Res & Dev Ctr Beijing 100029 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Microelect Key Lab Microelect Devices & Integrated Technol Beijing 100029 Peoples R China

An approach for improving sidewall roughness of high-aspect-ratio trench is developed. This method relies on the aspect ratio dependent scalloping attenuation (ARDSA) effect in Bosch process, employs reactive ion etching (RIE) process to avoid the rippled sidewall at the top of the trench, while retains Bosch process with increasing trench depth. As both the RIE and Bosch processes are recognized production techniques, this method is easy to implement. Compared with standard Bosch process, the maximum root mean square (RMS) roughness of the sidewall is brought down from 15.1 nm to 6.89 nm.

关键词： Bosch process Aspect ratio dependent scalloping attenuation Reactive ion etching process Sidewall roughness

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