An R-specific carbonyl reductase from Candida parapsilosis (CprCR) catalyzes the transformation of (R)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol from 2-hydroxyacetophenone. The gene rcr coding CprCR contains a few codons rarely used by...
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An R-specific carbonyl reductase from Candida parapsilosis (CprCR) catalyzes the transformation of (R)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol from 2-hydroxyacetophenone. The gene rcr coding CprCR contains a few codons rarely used by Escherichia coli. In order to improve chiral alcohol production, three codon variants Delta 24, aRCR, and mRCR of CprCR were designed through truncation of 4-27 bp disorder sequence at the 5'-terminus or/and adaption of nine rare codons. The effects of codon optimization on enzyme activity, protein production, and biotransformation were studied. Among these three types, the disorder sequence-truncated and rare codon-adapted variant mRCR presents the highest enzyme activity. When compared with CprCR, mRCR showed an increase of 35.6% in the total activity of cell-free extracts. The specific activity of mRCR presented similar increase in the cell-free extract with purified protein, which suggested that the codon optimization caused positive effect on protein productivity of variant enzyme. When microbial cells concentration was 30% (w/v), the molar conversion yield and enantiomeric excess of the mRCR variant reached 86.4% and 93.6%, which were increased 36.5% and 15.8% than those of wild-type at a high substrate concentration of 5 g/L. The work will supply a new method for improving chiral alcohol preparation with codon engineered microorganisms.
An improved finite-direrence time-domain (FDTD) method has been extended to analyze the antennas with complicated lumped/active networks in this paper. The improved FDTD method is based on a novel integral transform a...
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An improved finite-direrence time-domain (FDTD) method has been extended to analyze the antennas with complicated lumped/active networks in this paper. The improved FDTD method is based on a novel integral transform and the matrix theory. Combining the novel integral transform with Kirchhor's circuit laws, the hybrid networks comprised of high order linear and nonlinear elements with arbitrary connection can be modeled by a stable matrix equation. An erective model is built for linear lumped networks including internal independent sources. A wire antenna loaded with wide band match network and a two-element active patch antenna loaded with Gunn diodes are analyzed by the developed techniques. The analysis results indicate that the improved matrix-type FDTD method is not only stab le and accurate, but also time-saving in simulating the complicated hybrid networks.
We observe that (1) how a given named entity (NE) is translated (i. e., either semantically or phonetically) depends greatly on its associated entity type, and (2) entities within an aligned pair should share the same...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781932432664
We observe that (1) how a given named entity (NE) is translated (i. e., either semantically or phonetically) depends greatly on its associated entity type, and (2) entities within an aligned pair should share the same type. Also, (3) those initially detected NEs are anchors, whose information should be used to give certainty scores when selecting candidates. From this basis, an integrated model is thus proposed in this paper to jointly identify and align bilingual named entities between Chinese and English. It adopts a new mapping type ratio feature (which is the proportion of NE internal tokens that are semantically translated), enforces an entity type consistency constraint, and utilizes additional monolingual candidate certainty factors (based on those NE anchors). The experiments show that this novel approach has substantially raised the type-sensitive F-score of identified NE-pairs from 68.4% to 81.7% (42.1% F-score imperfection reduction) in our Chinese-English NE alignment task.
Direct microbial conversion of wheat straw into lipid by a cellulolytic fungus of Aspergillus oryzae A-4 in solid-state fermentation (SSF) was investigated. In submerged fermentation, A. oryzae A-4 accumulated lipid t...
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Direct microbial conversion of wheat straw into lipid by a cellulolytic fungus of Aspergillus oryzae A-4 in solid-state fermentation (SSF) was investigated. In submerged fermentation, A. oryzae A-4 accumulated lipid to 15-18.15% of biomass when pure cellulose was utilized as the sole substrate. In SSF of the wheat straw and bran mixture. A. oryzae A-4 yielded lipid of 36.6 mg/g dry substrate (gds), and a cellulase activity of 1.82 FPU/gds with 25.25% of holocellulose utilization in the substrates were detected on the 6th day. The lipid yield reached 62.87 mg/gds in SSF on the 6th day under the optimized conditions from Plackett-Burman design (PBD). Cellulase secretion of A. oryzae A-4 was found to influence the lipid yield. Dilute acid pretreatment of the straw and addition of some agro-industrial wastes to the straw could enhance lipid production of A. oryzae A-4. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
TGF-beta is one of the pleiotropic cytokines and plays a pivotal role in immune regulation and orchestrating the subsequent healing response. Recombinant red seabream TGF-beta (rTGF-beta) mature peptide was expressed ...
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TGF-beta is one of the pleiotropic cytokines and plays a pivotal role in immune regulation and orchestrating the subsequent healing response. Recombinant red seabream TGF-beta (rTGF-beta) mature peptide was expressed and purified under native conditions in vitro. Bio-assay showed that the rTGF-beta could significantly induce head kidney (HK) and peripheral blood (PB) leucocytes migration in a dose dependent manner, whereas the rTGF-beta suppressed HK and PB leucocyte migration when the leucocytes was activated by primed with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Both enhancing and suppressing roles of rTGF-beta on the HKL and PBL chemotactic activity indicated that the fish TGF-beta shared the similar bipolar nature with mammalian TGF-beta. Furthermore, the results indicated that the activity of TGF-beta induction of leucocyte migration appears not to be an innate feature but function by regulation the chemokines activity. This is the first time we reported that fish TGF-beta has innate bipolar property in regulation of fish immune function. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Ethylene-responsive factors （ERFs） are important regulators of plant gene expression. In this study, three novel ERF genes, GhERF2, GhERF3 and GhERF6, were isolated from cotton （Gossypium hirstum） using rapid ampl...
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Ethylene-responsive factors （ERFs） are important regulators of plant gene expression. In this study, three novel ERF genes, GhERF2, GhERF3 and GhERF6, were isolated from cotton （Gossypium hirstum） using rapid amplification of cDNA ends-polymerase chain reaction. Transient expression analysis using GhERF-green fluorescent protein fusions showed that these three proteins were targeted to the nucleus. Fusion proteins consisting of GhERF2, GhERF3 or GhERF6 coupled to the GAL4 DNA binding domain strongly activated transcription in yeast. Furthermore, GhERF6 was shown to be able to bind specifically to GCC boxes using a particle bombardment assay in tobacco cells. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed that GhERF2 and GhERF3 are constitutively expressed in all organs, while GhERF6 is only constitutively expressed in vegetative organs. When plants were treated with ethylene, abscisic acid, salt, cold and drought, the transcripts of GhERF2, GhERF3 and GhERF6 were rapidly induced to high levels. Promoter analysis also indicated that the 5＇ upstream regions of the three genes possess elements induced by these physiological and environmental factors. Collectively, our data suggest that GhERF2, GhERF3 and GhERF6 might function as positive trans-acting factors in the plant responses to ethylene, abscisic acid and other stresses and provide useful clues for further research into the mechanism of them in regulating cotton multiple stress responses.
Extraction of impervious surfaces is one of the necessary processes in urban change *** paper derived a unified conceptual model (UCM) from the vegetation-impervious surface-soil (VIS) model to make the extraction mor...
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Extraction of impervious surfaces is one of the necessary processes in urban change *** paper derived a unified conceptual model (UCM) from the vegetation-impervious surface-soil (VIS) model to make the extraction more effective and *** uses the decision tree algorithm with indices of spectrum and texture,*** this model,we found both dependent and independent indices for multi-source satellite imagery according to their similarity and *** purpose of the indices is to remove the other land-use and land-cover types (e.g.,vegetation and soil) from the imagery,and delineate the impervious surfaces as the *** has the same steps conducted by decision tree *** Landsat-5 TM image (30 m) and the Satellite Probatoire d’Observation de la Terre (SPot-4) image (20 m) from Chaoyang District (Beijing) in 2007 were used in this *** results show that the overall accuracy in Landsat-5 TM image is 88%,while 86.75% in SPot-4 *** is an appropriate method to meet the demand of urban change detection.
Power consumption of computing systems has become an important issue in industrial design areas. Dynamic power management (DPM) is an effective way to low the system power. This paper presents a new expert-based heuri...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424455379
Power consumption of computing systems has become an important issue in industrial design areas. Dynamic power management (DPM) is an effective way to low the system power. This paper presents a new expert-based heuristic algorithm with fine-grained delay constraints (FDC-DPM), which selects the best policy from a set of well-known policies dynamically. Three rules are presented for FDC-DPM to make a choice. FDC-DPM gives a flexible way to make a good tradeoff between energy consumption and fine-grained delay constraint. Compared with the machine learning method in [2], FDC-DPM is simpler and it can achieve comparable energy savings with the same delay constraints under different workloads.
The increased demand for large-size forgings has led to developments and innovations of heavy-duty forging manipulators. Besides the huge carrying capacity, some robot features such as force perception, delicacy and f...
The increased demand for large-size forgings has led to developments and innovations of heavy-duty forging manipulators. Besides the huge carrying capacity, some robot features such as force perception, delicacy and flexibility, forging manipulators should also possess. The aim of the work is to develop a heavy-duty forging manipulator with robot features by means of combination of methods in mechanical, hydraulic, and control field. In this paper, through kinematic analysis of a novel forging manipulator, control strategy of the manipulator is proposed considering the function and motion of forging manipulators. Hybrid pressure/position control of hydraulic actuators in forging manipulator is realized. The feasibility of the control method has been verified by the experiments on a real prototype of the novel hydraulic forging manipulator in our institute. The intelligent control of the forging manipulator is performed with programmable logic controller which is suitable for industrial applications.
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