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Effects of sludge pretreatments and organic acids on hydrogen production by anaerobic fermentation

BIORESOURCE techNOLOGY 2010年第22期101卷 8731-8735页

作者： Wang, Hui Fang, Ming Fang, Zhong Bu, Huaiyu NW Univ Xian Key Lab Synthet & Nat Funct Mol Chem Minist Educ Coll Chem & Mat Sci Xian 710069 Shaanxi Peoples R China NW Univ Xian Natl Key Lab Photoelect Technol & Funct Mat Inst Photon & Photon TechnolCulture Base Natl Photoelect Technol & Funct Mat & Applicat Sc Xian 710069 Shaanxi Peoples R China NW Univ Xian Coll Life Sci Xian 710069 Shaanxi Peoples R China

Using apple pomace (AP) as substrate, a series of batch experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of activated sludge pretreated by ultraviolet and ultrasonic on the anaerobic fermentative bio-H(2) production. The results show that a maximum cumulative H(2) production (CHP(m)) of 107.0 ml g(-1)-TS and an average H(2) production rate (AHPR) of 15.0 ml g(-1)-TS h(-1) were obtained by using the pretreated sludge that was irradiated by ultraviolet lamp (25 w) for 15 min as inoculant. Based on the optimal sludge pretreatment method, the experiments of bio-H(2) production under the optimal substrate pretreatment condition (soaked in the ammonia liquor of 6% for 24 h) were further carried out, and the CHPm of 138.8 ml g(-1)-TS was achieved, increased by 80.6% compared to the un-pretreated group (76.8 ml g(-1)-TS). The effects of the various organic acids on the fermentative H(2) production were also investigated under the above optimal sludge pretreatment condition. Crown Copyright (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bio-hydrogen production Sludge pretreatment Ultraviolet Ultrasonic Organic acids

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Vertical Observations and Analysis of PM_(2.5),O_3,and NO_x at Beijing and Tianjin from Towers during Summer and Autumn 2006

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2010年第1期27卷 123-136页

作者：孙扬王跃思张长春 State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou University Tianjin Municipal Meteorological Bureau

During the period between 18 August and 22 September 2006, an ultraviolet photometric O3 analyzer, a NO-NO2-NOx chemiluminescence analyzer, and a quartz micro-oscillating-scale particle concentration analyzer were simultaneously used for monitoring at three different heights each at Beijing （325-m tower） and Tianjin （255-m tower）. These towers belong to the Institute of Atmospheric Physics （IAP） of the Chinese Academy of Sciences （CAS） and to the Tianjin Municipal Meteorological Bureau, respectively. These measurements were used to continuously measure the atmospheric O3 and NOx volume-by-volume concentrations and the PM2.5 mass concentration within a vertical gradient. When combined with meteorological data and information on the variation of vertical characteristics of the various atmospheric pollutants in the two cities, analysis shows that these two cities were seriously polluted by both PM2.5 and O3 during summer and autumn. The highest daily-average concentrations of PM2.5 near the ground in Beijing and Tianjin reached 183 μgm a and 165 μg m^-3, respectively, while the 03 concentrations reached 52 ppb and 77 ppb, and NOx concentrations reached 48 ppb and 62 ppb for these two cities, respectively. The variations in the daily-average concentrations of PM2.5 between Beijing and Tianjin were demonstrated to be consistent over time. The concentrations of PM2.5 measured in Beijing were found to be higher than those in Tianjin. However, the overall O3 concentrations near the ground in Tianjin were higher than in Beijing. NOx concentrations in Tianjin were consistently lower than in Beijing. It was also found that PMz5 pollution in Beijing＇s atmosphere may also be affected by the pollutants originating in and delivered from Tianjin, and that Tianjin was impacted by Beijing＇s pollutants at a significantly reduced level.

关键词： urbanization in Bohai O3 NOx PM2.5 vertical distribution near the ground

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Influence of different heat treatments on the surface properties and catalytic performance of carbon nanotube in ozonation

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APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL 2010年第1-2期101卷 74-80页

作者： Liu, Zheng-Qian Ma, Jun Cui, Yu-Hong Zhao, Lei Zhang, Bei-Ping Harbin Inst Technol State Key Lab Urban Water Resource & Environm Harbin 150090 Peoples R China Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Environm Sci & Engn Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Natl Engn Res Ctr Urban Water Resources Harbin 150090 Peoples R China

The influences of treatment conditions, gas atmosphere (N-2 and H-2) and temperature (450 degrees C and 950 degrees C), on the surface properties and catalytic performance of carbon nanotube (CNT) were investigated for the degradation of oxalic acid in aqueous solution by the process of catalytic ozonation. No obvious change on the textural properties of CNT is found after heat treatment, while the results of Boehm titration clearly indicate the reduction of acidic groups and the increase of basic groups on CNT surface after heat treatment under different conditions, and then a significant improvement on oxalic acid removal by CNT catalytic ozonation is obtained. The heat treatment of CNT under H-2 atmosphere is more effective in eliminating acidic groups and increasing basic groups than the case of N-2 atmosphere at the same temperature, which results in higher catalytic activity and lower total organic carbon (TOC) release in ozonation correspondingly. A linear relationship is observed between the pH at the point of zero charge (pH(PZC)) of CNT and the rate constant for ozonation of oxalic acid in the presence of CNT with different treatments. It is suggested that heat treatment can increase the basic property of CNT, which can enhance the contribution of surface reactions to the whole reactions for ozonation of oxalic acid. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbon nanotube Heat treatment Catalytic ozonation Oxalic acid

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Influence of Different Outer Secondary Air Vane Angles on Flow and Combustion Characteristics and NO_x Emissions of a New Swirl Coal Burner

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ENERGY & FUELS 2010年第1期24卷 346-354页

作者： Jing, Jianping Li, Zhengqi Liu, Guangkui Chen, Zhichao Ren, Feng Harbin Inst Technol Sch Energy Sci & Engn Harbin 150001 Peoples R China

Measurements were taken for a 300 MWe, wall-fired pulverized-coal utility boiler installed with eight centrally fuel rich Swirl Coal combustion burners in the bottom row of the furnace during experiments. F-or various outer secondary air vane angle settings, flow characteristics, gas temperature and gas species concentrations in the burner region were measured. The results show that with decreasing outer secondary air vane angle, the Swirl intensity of air, divergence angles and maximum length and diameter of the central recirculation zone all increased;the turbulence intensity of, the jet no, first increased and then quickly decreased. With decreasing outer secondary air vane angle, the rate of increase in the gas temperature in the early stage and the rate of decrease in the later stage increased along the jet flow direction. For outer secondary air vane angle of 25 degrees, the O-2, concentration along the jet flow direction in the burner region was low, and the CO concentration decreased with increasing outer secondary air vane angle. For outer secondary air vane angles of 30 degrees and 35 degrees, the NOx concentrations were less than those for 25 degrees and 40 degrees outer secondary air vane angles. Gas species concentrations in the side wall region varied slightly with it change on the outer secondary air vane angle.

关键词： Redox reactions Atmospheric chemistry Coal Power Probes

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Analysis-enhanced virtual globe for digital earth

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Science china(technological Sciences) 2010年第S1期53卷 61-67页

作者： YUE Peng,GONG JianYa,XIANG LongGang & CHEN Jing State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying,Mapping and Remote Sensing (LIESMARS),Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079,china State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing (LIESMARS) Wuhan University Wuhan China

Virtual globe has been recognized as an appealing technology to support the digital *** provides an intuitive and appealing way to visualize geospatial information,and is being used frequently to bring the globe-scale geospatial information to our *** easy access to virtual globes such as Google Earth,Microsoft Virtual Earth,and NASA World Wind allows both the general public users and professionals to use them for educational and research *** virtual globes provide a number of functions for geospatial data visualization and annotation,the geospatial analysis functions available in the current virtual globes are *** paper addresses an approach to the establishment of an analysis-enhanced virtual *** approach is based on the integration of virtual globe and interoperable geoprocessing *** an analysis-enhanced virtual globe combines the visualization and communication power of virtual globes with the conventional powerful analysis functions of GIS,thus meeting the analysis demands in digital earth.

关键词： virtual globe digital earth geoprocessing service GIS GeoGlobe GeoPW

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Deep sequencing-based transcriptome profiling analysis of bacteria-challenged Lateolabrax japonicus reveals insight into the immune-relevant genes in marine fish

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BMC GENOMICS 2010年第1期11卷 1-21页

作者： Xiang, Li-xin He, Ding Dong, Wei-ren Zhang, Yi-wen Shao, Jian-zhong Zhejiang Univ Coll Life Sci Hangzhou 310058 Zhejiang Peoples R China Key Lab Cell & Gene Engn Zhejiang Prov Hangzhou 310058 Zhejiang Peoples R China

Background: Systematic research on fish immunogenetics is indispensable in understanding the origin and evolution of immune systems. This has long been a challenging task because of the limited number of deep sequencing technologies and genome backgrounds of non-model fish available. The newly developed Solexa/Illumina RNA-seq and Digital gene expression (DGE) are high-throughput sequencing approaches and are powerful tools for genomic studies at the transcriptome level. This study reports the transcriptome profiling analysis of bacteria-challenged Lateolabrax japonicus using RNA-seq and DGE in an attempt to gain insights into the immunogenetics of marine fish. Results: RNA-seq analysis generated 169,950 non-redundant consensus sequences, among which 48,987 functional transcripts with complete or various length encoding regions were identified. More than 52% of these transcripts are possibly involved in approximately 219 known metabolic or signalling pathways, while 2,673 transcripts were associated with immune-relevant genes. In addition, approximately 8% of the transcripts appeared to be fish-specific genes that have never been described before. DGE analysis revealed that the host transcriptome profile of Vibrio harveyi-challenged L. japonicus is considerably altered, as indicated by the significant up-or down-regulation of 1,224 strong infection-responsive transcripts. Results indicated an overall conservation of the components and transcriptome alterations underlying innate and adaptive immunity in fish and other vertebrate models. Analysis suggested the acquisition of numerous fish-specific immune system components during early vertebrate evolution. Conclusion: This study provided a global survey of host defence gene activities against bacterial challenge in a non-model marine fish. Results can contribute to the in-depth study of candidate genes in marine fish immunity, and help improve current understanding of host-pathogen interactions and evolutionary histor

关键词： Adaptive Immunity Head Kidney Digital Gene Expression Massively Parallel Signature Sequencing Bacterial Challenge

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Gene and pathway-based second-wave analysis of genome-wide association studies

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EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS 2010年第1期18卷 111-117页

作者： Peng, Gang Luo, Li Siu, Hoicheong Zhu, Yun Hu, Pengfei Hong, Shengjun Zhao, Jinying Zhou, Xiaodong Reveille, John D. Jin, Li Amos, Christopher I. Xiong, Momiao Fudan Univ Sch Life Sci Shanghai 200433 Peoples R China Univ Texas Sch Publ Hlth Ctr Human Genet Houston TX USA Emory Univ Sch Med Dept Med Atlanta GA USA Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston Div Rheumatol Sch Med Houston TX USA Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr Dept Epidemiol Houston TX 77030 USA

Despite the great success of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in identification of the common genetic variants associated with complex diseases, the current GWAS have focused on single-SNP analysis. However, single-SNP analysis often identifies only a few of the most significant SNPs that account for a small proportion of the genetic variants and offers only a limited understanding of complex diseases. To overcome these limitations, we propose gene and pathway-based association analysis as a new paradigm for GWAS. As a proof of concept, we performed a comprehensive gene and pathway-based association analysis of 13 published GWAS. Our results showed that the proposed new paradigm for GWAS not only identified the genes that include significant SNPs found by single-SNP analysis, but also detected new genes in which each single SNP conferred a small disease risk;however, their joint actions were implicated in the development of diseases. The results also showed that the new paradigm for GWAS was able to identify biologically meaningful pathways associated with the diseases, which were confirmed by a gene-set-rich analysis using gene expression data. European Journal of Human Genetics (2010) 18, 111-117;doi:10.1038/ejhg.2009.115;published online 8 July 2009

关键词： genome-wide association studies gene and pathway-based analysis complex diseases combining P-values gene-set enrichment analysis

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Modeling of taxi drivers’ experience for routing applications

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Science china(technological Sciences) 2010年第S1期53卷 44-51页

作者： SHAW ShihLung Department of Geography University of Tennessee

Taxi drivers drive on the roads every day and become very knowledgeable of the spatiotemporal traffic patterns in a *** therefore is reasonable to assume that the routes chosen by taxi drivers often work out better than those selected by other *** dynamic navigation assistance based on real-time traffic information faces limitations such as the spatial coverage of real-time data collection sites,performance of real-time data processing and communications,and accuracy of short-term traffic forecasts in a large urban area,experiences gained by taxi drivers can be a valuable data source for improving the quality of vehicle navigation *** paper develops a vehicle navigation guidance system based on taxis drivers’ knowledge derived from floating car data collected over an extended time *** then classify road segments based on the spatiotemporal characteristics of taxi tracking data.A case study using taxi tracking data collected in Wuhan,china is presented in this paper to demonstrate the performance of this vehicle navigation system based on taxi tracking data.

关键词： floating car data vehicle navigation system route guidance geographic information systems

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Molecular and cellular evidence for biased mitotic gene conversion in hybrid scallop

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BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY 2010年第1期10卷 1-10页

作者： Wang, Shi Zhang, Lingling Hu, Jingjie Bao, Zhenmin Liu, Zhanjiang Ocean Univ China Key Lab Marine Genet & Breeding Minist Educ Qingdao 266003 Peoples R China Auburn Univ Fish Mol Genet & Biotechnol Lab Aquat Genom Unit Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures Auburn AL 36849 USA Auburn Univ Program Cell & Mol Biosci Auburn AL 36849 USA

Background: Concerted evolution has been believed to account for homogenization of genes within multigene families. However, the exact mechanisms involved in the homogenization have been under debate. Use of interspecific hybrid system allows detection of greater level of sequence variation, and therefore, provide advantage for tracing the sequence changes. In this work, we have used an interspecific hybrid system of scallop to study the sequence homogenization processes of rRNA genes. Results: Through the use of a hybrid scallop system (Chlamys farreri female x Argopecten irradians male), here we provide solid molecular and cellular evidence for homogenization of the rDNA sequences into maternal genotypes. The ITS regions of the rDNA of the two scallop species exhibit distinct sequences and thereby restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns, and such a difference was exploited to follow the parental ITS contributions in the F1 hybrid during early development using PCR-RFLP. The representation of the paternal ITS decreased gradually in the hybrid during the development of the hybrid, and almost diminished at the 14th day after fertilization while the representation of the maternal ITS gradually increased. Chromosomal-specific fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis in the hybrid revealed the presence of maternal ITS sequences on the paternal ITS-bearing chromosomes, but not vice versa. Sequence analysis of the ITS region in the hybrid not only confirmed the maternally biased conversion, but also allowed the detection of six recombinant variants in the hybrid involving short recombination regions, suggesting that site-specific recombination may be involved in the maternally biased gene conversion. Conclusion: Taken together, these molecular and cellular evidences support rapid concerted gene evolution via maternally biased gene conversion. As such a process would lead to the expression of only one parental genotype, and have the opportunities

关键词： Internal Transcribe Spacer Gene Conversion Concerted Evolution Paternal Allele Unequal Crossover

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Positioning localities from spatial assertions based on Voronoi neighboring

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Science china(technological Sciences) 2010年第S1期53卷 143-149页

作者： GONG YongXi 1,2,3,LI GuiCai 1,LIU Yu 2 & YANG Jian 1 1 Shenzhen Key Lab of Recycling Economy,Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School,Shenzhen 518055,china 2Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems,Peking University,Beijing 100871,china 3College of Urban and Environmental Science,Peking University,Beijing 100871,china Shenzhen Key Lab of Recycling Economy Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen China Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems Peking University Beijing China College of Urban and Environmental Science Peking University Beijing China

With the rapid development of Internet,much spatial information contained in non-structured or semi-structured documents is available on the World Wide *** such documents,localities are always textually described using spatial relationships and named places,instead of numerical ***,extracting positional information from locality descriptions is an important *** this paper,we bridge two aspects of locality descriptions,namely generating locality descriptions and positioning localities,and provide a method to compute probability density according to the selection probability of a reference object to describe the position of the target *** operation on uncertainty field is used to deal with locality description involving multiple reference *** metrics are introduced to measure the results of positioning *** choose the mixed selection probability function based on Euclidean distance and Voronoi stolen-area to compute probability density ***,we use three cases to demonstrate the proposed methods.

关键词： geographic information science positioning locality Voronoi neighboring probability density function

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