This study improves ship classification in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery, focusing on few-shot datasets. We propose a data augmentation strategy combining the AlignMixup method and a detail enhancement module...
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This study improves ship classification in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery, focusing on few-shot datasets. We propose a data augmentation strategy combining the AlignMixup method and a detail enhancement module to optimize convolutional neural network performance. AlignMixup integrates features at intermediate layers, capturing structural information, while the detail enhancement module highlights high-frequency details to improve ship feature recognition in SAR images. Experiments on small sample datasets show that our method increases classification accuracy by a significant margin and remains practical under data-limited conditions.
Ternesite has been proven to have significant competitiveness as an ultralow lime CO2 sequestration binder. It is worthy of industrial production for CO2 emission reduction in the cement industry. MgO is inevitable in...
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Ternesite has been proven to have significant competitiveness as an ultralow lime CO2 sequestration binder. It is worthy of industrial production for CO2 emission reduction in the cement industry. MgO is inevitable in natural limestone, which may change ternesite's sintering and carbonation properties. This study aims to simulate the effect of MgO content on the sintering and carbonation behavior of ternesite. The results show that less than 4% Mg2+ is dissolved in the crystal structure of ternesite by replacing Ca2+ and induces a reduction of cell size. More than 4% MgO will be sintered to form bredigite and merwinite, restraining ternesite content in clinkers. The compressive strength of ternesite clinker compacts is negatively correlated with the MgO doping content. The increase in MgO doping from 0 to 20% resulted in a 68.2% decrease in compressive strength. MgO doping less than or equal to 3% improves the CO2 sequestration capacity of ternesite clinkers by 4.1%;however, more than or equal to 5% will reduce the CO2 sequestration capacity. The analysis of carbonation products showed that MgO reduced the content of aragonite and vaterite and induced the formation of magnesian calcite and monohydrocalcite. The difference in ternesite content, crystal morphology, and carbonation products is the reason for the change in carbonation properties of MgO-doped clinkers.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphoric acid) (NAD(P)) dependent oxidoreductases are an important class of enzymes because they can catalyze a broad range of synthetic transformations. The co-immobilization of o...
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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphoric acid) (NAD(P)) dependent oxidoreductases are an important class of enzymes because they can catalyze a broad range of synthetic transformations. The co-immobilization of oxidoreductases, NAD(P), and NAD(P) regeneration catalysts can form a self-sufficient heterogeneous system (SSHBS) with improved stability, recyclability, and excellent NAD(P) recycling, thus significantly increasing the possibility of the enzymatic reactions in industrial applications. However, due to the complexity of SSHBSs, there are many factors that need to be considered to satisfy the requirements of practical manufacturing by the enzymatic systems. Therefore, in this review, the construction of SSHBSs is discussed from the viewpoint of potential scale-up applications of biocatalysis systems. First, the NAD(P) regeneration part, as an "energy supplement" of SSHBSs, is illustrated from the perspective of the economic effects arising from cofactor regeneration efficiency. This is followed by the cost consideration in the preparation of whole SSHBSs. Then, the flexibility of NAD(P), the key hub of SSHBSs, which is distinctly affected by immobilization approach, is highlighted based on the advanced examples of SSHBSs to exhibit its significant effect on the whole efficiency of an SSHBS. Finally, a perspective on how this research field will evolve in facing the existing challenges is provided. [GRAPHICS]
Rocks, as one of the most ubiquitous substances on Earth, bear the historical records of Earth's evolution and traces of geological processes. Rock identification can reveal the geological environment and resource...
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Rocks, as one of the most ubiquitous substances on Earth, bear the historical records of Earth's evolution and traces of geological processes. Rock identification can reveal the geological environment and resource distribution, which are important for geological research. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), a real-time, micro-destructive, and multi-element simultaneous analysis technique, has played an important role in rock identification and geological research. However, traditional laboratory-based LIBS instruments are bulky and unsuitable for field site geological exploration. While handheld LIBS instruments offer compactness and convenience, they suffer from reduced laser energy and spectrometer performance, potentially compromising analytical accuracy. There is an urgent demand for a miniaturized LIBS instrument that retains the high analytical capabilities of laboratory-based LIBS while incorporating the portability of handheld LIBS. This study proposes a compensation method for the performance loss of miniaturized LIBS instruments due to their reduced size. We designed six experimental setups of different sizes to compare rock spectra and classification accuracy in detail, aiming to validate the performance loss of a miniaturized LIBS instrument. In our experiments, the miniaturized LIBS instrument, equipped with an MPL-H-1064 laser and an AvaSpec Mini2048 spectrometer, was employed to classify 16 types of rocks using the SVM model, achieving an initial classification accuracy of 77.08%. To compensate for the performance loss inherent in miniaturized LIBS instruments, a range of preprocessing methods and principal component analysis (PCA) were employed to enhance spectral quality and elevate the accuracy of rock classification to 96.25%. Additionally, the Optuna framework was used to automatically search for the optimal hyperparameters of the SVM model, subsequently increasing the accuracy of rock classification to 99.58%. The results demonstrate th
The corner region, being a critical area where defects often occur, was given particular attention. To accurately describe the solidifying corner shell, we developed a mathematical model of boundary heat flux to deter...
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The corner region, being a critical area where defects often occur, was given particular attention. To accurately describe the solidifying corner shell, we developed a mathematical model of boundary heat flux to determine the solidifying behaviors of steel in the continuous casting mold. The model demonstrated robustness in predicting the solidification behavior across a range of scenarios, which is crucial for optimizing the casting process. The model's ability to predict the thermal behavior in this region has led to the development of strategies to mitigate such defects, thereby improving the overall quality of the cast product. In addition, two parameters, decreasing region length and corner edge' heat flow, have been proposed and coupled in this finite element model (FEM). Boltzmann functions are added to the decreasing trend of heat flow around the solidifying shell corner region. The results show that the shell surface temperature of hot spots increases significantly with enlarging the decreasing length, especially in the corner region. Further, the mathematical model is also validated by actually measured breakout shell data. It has been observed that the proposed heat flux estimation results in accurate solidifying corner shell, and the mathematical model of boundary heat flux is suitable to investigate the solidifying corner shell in the continuous casting mold effectively.
Photovoltaic arrays present multiple peaks characteristic under partial shading conditions (PSCs), bringing challenge of finding the global maximum power point (GMPP). Recently, the bio-inspired metaheuristics have be...
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Photovoltaic arrays present multiple peaks characteristic under partial shading conditions (PSCs), bringing challenge of finding the global maximum power point (GMPP). Recently, the bio-inspired metaheuristics have been popularly applied to find the GMPP under PSCs, while they usually suffer from long convergence time and large power oscillations. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved white shark optimizer (IWSO) based MPPT algorithm under PSCs. The WSO algorithm is a novel metaheuristic and can find the GMPP quickly and accurately due to its flexibility and robustness. Furthermore, an improved method has been proposed, which dynamically adjusts the hierarchy in the white sharks during global exploration and local exploitation. Through this, the search scope for the GMPP is increased and the local exploitation is accelerated. To verify the performance and superiority of the IWSO based MPPT algorithm under PSCs, it is compared with existing metaheuristic based MPPT algorithms (particle swarm optimization, cuckoo search, grey wolf optimizer, and salp swarm optimization) by simulations and then evaluated by experiments. The proposed IWSO based MPPT algorithm shows excellent performance under different PSCs regarding tracking time, tracking efficiency and power oscillations.
In this work, austenitic high-Mn steel that exhibits both high strength and plasticity at extremely low temperatures was designed and investigated, which demonstrates a yield strength of 1022 MPa, a tensile strength o...
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In this work, austenitic high-Mn steel that exhibits both high strength and plasticity at extremely low temperatures was designed and investigated, which demonstrates a yield strength of 1022 MPa, a tensile strength of 1532 MPa, and an elongation of 25% at 4.2 K, and enables potential operating in low-temperature structural materials. Compared to at room temperature, both the yield strength and the tensile strength of the high-Mn steel at low temperature increased, while the elongation at break decreased. A comparative study of its microstructural evolution was carried out using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and electron backscatter diffraction. The microstructure analysis revealed that the dislocations and nano-twinning control the strain-hardening behavior of the twinning-induced plasticity behavior of the Fe-24Mn-3.5Cr-0.4C steel.
Excessive oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and impaired vascularization are the main barriers to diabetic wound repair. A decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) with a native ECM structure is a promising bi...
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Excessive oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and impaired vascularization are the main barriers to diabetic wound repair. A decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) with a native ECM structure is a promising biomaterial candidate for diabetic wound healing. However, the traditional decellularization process (reagents) can diminish the structural stability, mechanical properties, and bioactive components of dECM. To address these issues, we developed an intrinsically bioactive kelp decellularized scaffold (Im-Gly2) using natural and gentle deep eutectic solvents (DES) for accelerating diabetic wound healing. Im-Gly2 had a stable porous 3D structure (80.7 mu m) and suitable mechanical properties, which could support cell growth, proliferation, and migration. Due to the retention of fucoidan, polyphenols (735.3 mu g/g), and flavonoids, Im-Gly2 demonstrated intrinsic antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects. It effectively reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in RAW264.7 macrophages and promoted their differentiation into the M2 phenotype. Notably, Im-Gly2 promoted tube formation through paracrine mechanisms by inducing the expression of transforming and proliferative cytokines from the RAW264.7 macrophage. In vivo, Im-Gly2 accelerated the healing of diabetic wounds by alleviating inflammation, angiogenesis, granulation tissue formation, collagen deposition, and re-epithelialization. Taken together, our study provides a novel strategy for fabricating a bioactive kelp dECM without cross-linking with exogenous substances for accelerating chronic diabetic wound healing.
To ensure the safe application of 50% bifenazate water dispersible granule (WDG), field trials were conducted in Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hunan Provinces of china for 2 consecutive years to evaluate the final residue a...
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To ensure the safe application of 50% bifenazate water dispersible granule (WDG), field trials were conducted in Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hunan Provinces of china for 2 consecutive years to evaluate the final residue and degradation dynamics of bifenazate in citrus and soil. Bifenazate was analyzed by the optimized quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) combined with the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, which achieved good linearity over the range of 0.01-5.0 mgL-1 with a correlation coefficient r = 0.9999. The average recoveries for bifenazate in citrus and soil were 77.7-105.0%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 3.5-8.7%. The degradation of bifenazate in citrus and soil were consistent with the first-order kinetic equation, the half-lives of bifenazate in citrus and soil were 9.46-27.29 and 3.81-17.24 days, respectively. The final residues of bifenazate in citrus and soil were 0.012-1.582 mgkg-1. On the 21st day after the last application, bifenazate decreased to below the maximum residue limit (MRL) stipulated by china. RQchronic suggested that 50% bifenazate WDG be sprayed once with dosages ranging from 250 to 375 mg a.i.L-1 is safe for humans.
Triflumezopyrim (TFM) is a novel class of mesoionic insecticides. Herein, a novel synthetic process for TFM was developed via imidization, reductive amination, and cyclization. Based on toluene as a universal solvent ...
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Triflumezopyrim (TFM) is a novel class of mesoionic insecticides. Herein, a novel synthetic process for TFM was developed via imidization, reductive amination, and cyclization. Based on toluene as a universal solvent and simplifying postprocessing operations, TFM could be obtained in approx. 26 h with about 40% overall isolated yield, while the E-factor was decreased to 158, which improved the reaction efficiency and eco-friendliness. Subsequently, the synthetic route was attempted in continuous flow, and TFM was prepared in about 32 min with about 30% total isolated yield. Furthermore, by connecting to our previous research, TFM could also be obtained in less than 35 min total reaction time with about 30% yield based on continuous flow total synthesis, which shortened the total reaction residence time by about 48-fold compared to the batch mode and manifested a significant advantage of reaction efficiency in continuous flow.
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