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A labor-free index-guided semantic segmentation approach for urban vegetation mapping from high-resolution true color imagery

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International Journal of digital Earth 2023年第1期16卷 1640-1660页

作者： Peng Zhang Cong Lin Shanchuan Guo Wei Zhang Hong Fang Peijun du Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural ResourcesSchool of Geography and Ocean ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjingPeople’s Republic of China Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application NanjingPeople’s Republic of China c Nanjing Research Institute of Surveying Mapping&Geotechnical InvestigationCo.LtdNanjingPeople’s Republic of China

Accurate and timely information on urban vegetation(UV)can be used as an important indicator to estimate the health of *** to the low cost of rGB cameras,true color imagery(TCI)has been widely used for high spatial resolution UV ***,the current index-based and classifier-based UV mapping approaches face problems of the poor ability to accurately distinguish UV and the high reliance on massive annotated samples,*** address this issue,an index-guided semantic segmentation(IGSS)framework is proposed in this ***,a novel cross-scale vegetation index(CSVI)is calculated by the combination of TCI and Sentinel-2 images,and the index value can be used to provide an initial UV ***,reliable UV and non-UV samples are automatically generated for training the semantic segmentation model,and then the refined UV map can be *** experimental results show that the proposed CSVI outperformed the existingfive rGB vegetation indices in highlighting UV cover and suppressing complex backgrounds,and the proposed IGSS workflow achieved satisfactory results with an OA of 87.72%∼88.16%and an F1 score of 87.73%∼88.37%,which is comparable with the fully-supervised method.

关键词： Urban vegetation mapping Sustainable development Goals(SdGs) cross-scale vegetation index(CSVI) semantic segmentation high-resolution true color imagery(TCI)

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Heterogeneous Event Matching Based on Event Structures 3rd

Heterogeneous Event Matching Based on Event Structures

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3rd International Conference on Machine Learning, Cloud Computing and Intelligent Mining, MLCCIM 2024

作者： Zhang, Xuewei Han, deshuai Gao, Zhiyuan Xu, di Wang, ronghao Army Engineering University of PLA Jiangsu Nanjing China Rocket Force Engineering University of PLA Shanxi Xian China Engineering Quality Supervision Centers of Beijing Haidian District Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819616978

Currently, a large amount of heterogeneous event data with opaque event names (e.g., obscured Ids) are increasingly generated, e.g., the blockchain technology requires the transaction information to be recorded by different stakeholders in various ways from different blocks (i.e., distributed ledgers). Thus, a large amount of heterogeneous event data with opaque event names (e.g., obscured Ids) is generated on blockchains. To identify similar workflows on blockchains for collaborator selection, matching heterogeneous events is an important task. Existing techniques are inappropriate because they do not make full use of workflow features in event logs. We observe that several types of event constraints in event logs may serve as more discriminative features in event matching. Specifically, a general matching approach is proposed for identifying a right mapping that maximizes the similarity of event constraints for a pair of heterogeneous event logs. An advanced A* algorithm with a tight upper bound function is devised to improve the matching efficiency of the proposed approach. We conducted exr5tensive experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of our approach, and the experimental results demonstrate that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art matching approaches. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： distributed ledger

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The rise of Graphene Photonic Crystal Fibers

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AdVANCEd FUNCTIONAL MATErIALS 2022年第42期32卷

作者： Zhou, Xu deng, Qingyan Yu, Wentao Liu, Kaihui Liu, Zhongfan South China Normal Univ Guangdong Prov Key Lab Quantum Engn & Quantum Mat Sch Phys & Telecommun Engn Guangzhou 510006 Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol Inst Interdisciplinary Phys Sci Sch Sci Nanjing 210094 Peoples R China Peking Univ State Key Lab Mesoscop Phys Frontiers Sci Ctr Nanooptoelect Sch Phys Beijing 100871 Peoples R China Peking Univ Int Ctr Quantum Mat Collaborat Innovat Ctr Quantum Matter Beijing 100871 Peoples R China Peking Univ Ctr Nanochem CNC Beijing Sci & Engn Ctr Nanocarbons Beijing Natl Lab Mol SciColl Chem & Mol Engn Beijing 100871 Peoples R China Beijing Graphene Inst BGI Beijing 100095 Peoples R China

2d graphene with tremendous novel properties is an ideal material for optical and optoelectronic applications. Meanwhile, photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) have been recognized as next-generation optical fibers that possess a designable porous structure, rich functions, and different working mechanisms. recently, the integration of graphene with a PCF has formed a new hybrid fiber, a graphene photonic crystal fiber (Gr-PCF), which exhibits an extremely strong and tunable light-matter interaction across a broadband spectrum range and opens up a new interdisciplinary research direction. In this review, recent studies on, and achievements in graphene-traditional fibers and Gr-PCFs have been summarized from the aspects of the development process, preparation method, and device application. First, the graphene properties and the development and characteristics of PCFs are introduced. The discussion is continued with the existing fabrication technologies for hybrid graphene-traditional fibers. Next, the chemical vapor deposition method for Gr-PCFs is elaborated. Then, fiber devices based on graphene-traditional fibers, Gr-PCFs, and other 2d material fibers are presented. To conclude, challenges and perspectives are presented to encourage advanced Gr-PCF study.

关键词： chemical vapor deposition fiber devices graphene optical fibers photonic crystal fibers

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Future of Networked Information Society: A deeply Interconnected "Primitive Society"

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International Journal of Crowd Science 2022年第4期6卷 178-183页

作者： Sun, Xiao Qian, Jun Wang, Ziyang Miao, Jinwei Chai, Yueting National Engineering Laboratory for E-commerce Technologies Department of Automation Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China

Human society is evolving toward the future network information society. In this paper, we identify the interconnected level as the key factor driving the evolution of human society and incorporate it into our proposed evolutionary model of social formation. We show the entire process of social formation evolution at the interconnected level through theoretical analysis and simulation. Our result is consistent with what human beings have gone through. By contrast, the result presents the following four characteristics of the future network information society: the personalization of goods or services, the downsizing of enterprises or organizations, the decentralization of production or life, and the sharing of production or living tools. We regard the future network information society as a deeply interconnected "primitive society". © The author(s) 2022.

关键词： Economics Analytical models Simulation Current measurement Government Production Organizations

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review on corrosion and corrosion scale formation upon unlined cast iron pipes in drinking water distribution systems

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第7期34卷 173-189页

作者： Haiya Zhang dibo Liu Lvtong Zhao Jun Wang Shuguang Xie Shuming Liu Pengfei Lin Xiaojian Zhang Chao Chen State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Research Institute for Environmental Innovation(Suzhou) TsinghuaSuzhou 215163China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China

The qualified finished water from water treatment plants(WTPs) may become discolored and deteriorated during transportation in drinking water distribution systems(dWdSs), which affected tap water quality seriously. This water stability problem often occurs due to pipe corrosion and the destabilization of corrosion scales. This paper provides a comprehensive review of pipe corrosion in dWdSs, including corrosion process, corrosion scale formation, influencing factors and monitoring technologies utilized in dWdSs. In terms of corrosion process, corrosion occurrence, development mechanisms, currently applied assays, and indices used to determine the corrosion possibility are summarized, as well as the chemical and bacterial influences. In terms of scale formation, explanations for the nature of corrosion and scale formation mechanisms are discussed and its typical multilayered structure is illustrated. Furthermore, the influences of water quality and microbial activity on scale transformation are comprehensively discussed. Corrosion-related bacteria at the genus level and their associated corrosion mechanism are also summarized. This review helps deepen the current understanding of pipe corrosion and scale formation in dWdSs, providing guidance for water supply utilities to ensure effective measures to maintain water quality stability and guarantee drinking water safety.

关键词： Corrosion Scale formation Water quality stability drinking water distribution system Iron pipe Water supply safety

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Windmill-Like Nanogenerator for Harvesting Low-Speed Wind Energy and Wind Speed Measuring

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AdVANCEd MATErIALS technologies 2022年第9期7卷

作者： Zhu, Xiaoyu Cao, Xia Wang, Zhong Lin Guangxi Univ Sch Resources Environm & Mat Sch Phys Sci & Technol Ctr Nanoenergy Res Nanning 530004 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Beijing Inst Nanoenergy & Nanosyst Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Georgia Inst Technol Sch Mat Sci & Engn Atlanta GA 30332 USA

Wind energy, one of the most promising and renewable energy sources, is extensively exploited around the world. However, in traditional triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) for wind energy harvesting, due to the limitations of device structures with high friction force, the collection of wind energy at low speeds is always faced with enormous challenges. To overcome this difficulty, an ultralow friction and highly effective windmill-like nanogenerator (WNG) is proposed. Herein, the WNG is based on a freestanding mode TENG and adopts a rotational triboelectric layer with contact-separation mode. This special design successfully achieves a smaller friction resistance, allowing wind energy to be captured at low speeds. Under the minimum wind speed, the optimized WNG has a maximum load power of 0.753 mu W, which can illuminate nine LEds simultaneously. The WNG can convert wind energy into enough electricity to power a hygrometer or a digital clock under the maximum wind speed. Moreover, a wind speed detection system based on WNG is developed and proves the superiority of real-time wind speed detection by appropriate computation parameters. This work not only shows the development potential of the WNG in low-speed wind energy collection but also expends the application potential of TENG-based self-powered environmental monitoring.

关键词： low-speed wind energy harvesting ultralow friction windmill-like nanogenerator wind speed detection

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PyCIL: a Python toolbox for class-incremental learning

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2023年第9期66卷 291-292页

作者： da-Wei ZHOU Fu-Yun WANG Han-Jia YE de-Chuan ZHAN State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University

With the rapid development of deep learning, current deep models can learn a fixed number of classes with high performance. However, in our ever-changing world, data often come from the open environment, which is with stream format or available temporarily due to privacy issues. As a result, the classification model should learn new classes incrementally instead of restarting the training process.

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Free Fault Leakages for deep Exploitation: Algebraic Persistent Fault Analysis on Lightweight Block Ciphers

IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Sys...

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IACr Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems 2022年第2期2022卷 289-311页

作者： Zhang, Fan Feng, Tianxiang Li, Zhiqi ren, Kui Zhao, Xinjie School of Cyber Science and Technology College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China State Key Laboratory of Cryptology P.O.Box 5159 Beijing100878 China Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Institute of Frontier Technologies Hangzhou310027 China Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Cyberspace Governance of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou310027 China Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Situation Awareness Zhengzhou450001 China

Persistent Fault Analysis (PFA) is a new fault analysis method for block ciphers proposed in CHES 2018, which utilizes those faults that persist in encryptions. However, one fact that has not been raised enough attention is that: while the fault itself does persist in the entire encryption, the corresponding statistical analysis merely leverages fault leakages in the last one or two rounds, which ignores the valuable leakages in deeper rounds. In this paper, we propose Algebraic Persistent Fault Analysis (APFA), which introduces algebraic analysis to facilitate PFA. APFA tries to make full usage of the free fault leakages in the deeper rounds without incurring additional fault injections. The core idea of APFA is to build similar algebraic constraints for the output of substitution layers and apply the constraints to as many rounds as possible. APFA has many advantages compared to PFA. First, APFA can bypass the manual deductions of round key dependencies along the fault propagation path and transfer the burdens to the computing power of machine solvers such as Crypto-MiniSAT. Second, thanks to the free leakages in the deeper round, APFA requires a much less number of ciphertexts than previous PFA methods, especially for those lightweight block ciphers such as PrESENT, LEd, SKINNY, etc. Only 10 faulty ciphertexts are required to recover the master key of SKINNY-64-64, which is about 155 times of reduction as compared to the state-of-the-art result. Third, APFA can be applied to the block ciphers that cannot be analyzed by PFA due to the key size, such as PrESENT-128. Most importantly, APFA replaces statistical analysis with algebraic analysis, which opens a new direction for persistent-fault related researches. © 2022, ruhr-University of Bochum. All rights reserved.

关键词： Side channel attack

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Low-temperature heat capacity and the thermodynamic functions of a novel ether-based ionic liquid 1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-3-ethylimidazolium thiocyanate

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rSC AdVANCES 2024年第47期14卷 34971-34978页

作者： Fu, donglu Song, Zongren Liu, Jiankang Yang, Jie Suo, Shilong Liang, Kunhao Ma, Xiaoxue Fang, dawei Liaoning Univ Inst Rare & Scattered Elements Coll Chem Shenyang 110036 Liaoning Peoples R China Zaozhuang Univ Sch Optoelect Engn Zaozhuang 277160 Shandong Peoples R China

A novel ionic liquid (IL) modified by ether was prepared by a two-step synthesis method for the first time in this paper. The structure of 1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-3-ethylimidazolium thiocyanate ([C22O2Im][SCN]) was characterized and analyzed by hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMr), carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMr), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-Ir), electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), elemental analysis and thermal gravity analysis (TG). Within a specific temperature range from 79 to 393 K, the low temperature heat capacity of [C22O2Im][SCN] was determined, using a high precision low temperature adiabatic calorimeter. Then, the related thermodynamic functions, such as (HT - H298.15), (ST - S298.15) and (GT - G298.15), were calculated, which can provide a theoretical basis for the application of ether-based ILs in the future.

关键词： Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

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Mitigating Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models by Adaptively Constraining Information Flow 39

Mitigating Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models by...

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39th Annual AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI 2025

作者： Bai, Jiaqi Guo, Hongcheng Peng, Zhongyuan Yang, Jian Li, Zhoujun Li, Mohan Tian, Zhihong Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology Guangzhou University China Huangpu Research School of Guangzhou University China CCSE Beihang University China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences China

ISBN: (纸本)157735897X

Large vision-language models show tremendous potential in understanding visual information through human languages. However, they are prone to suffer from object hallucination, i.e., the generated image descriptions contain objects that do not exist in the image. In this paper, we reveal that object hallucination can be attributed to overconfidence in irrelevant visual features when soft visual tokens map to the LLM’s word embedding space. Specifically, by figuring out the semantic similarity between visual tokens and LLM’s word embedding, we observe that the smoothness of similarity distribution strongly correlates with the emergence of object hallucinations. To mitigate hallucinations, we propose using the Variational Information Bottleneck (VIB) to alleviate overconfidence by introducing stochastic noise, facilitating the constraining of irrelevant information. Furthermore, we propose an entropy-based noise-controlling strategy to enable the injected noise to be adaptively constrained regarding the smoothness of the similarity distribution. We adapt the proposed AdAVIB across distinct model architectures. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed AdAVIB mitigates object hallucinations by effectively alleviating the overconfidence in irrelevant visual features, with consistent improvements on two object hallucination benchmarks. Copyright © 2025, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (***). All rights reserved.

关键词： Visual languages

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