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NeuroHeed: Neuro-Steered Speaker Extraction Using EEG Signals

IEEE-ACM TRANSACTIONS ON AUDIO SPEECH AND LANGUAGE PROCESSING 2024年 32卷 4456-4470页

作者： Pan, Zexu Borsdorf, Marvin Cai, Siqi Schultz, Tanja Li, Haizhou Alibaba Grp Singapore Singapore Univ Bremen Machine Listening Lab D-28359 Bremen Germany Natl Univ Singapore Dept Elect & Comp Engn Singapore 119077 Singapore Univ Bremen Cognit Syst Lab D-28359 Bremen Germany Chinese Univ Hong Kong Shenzhen Res Inst Big Data Sch Data Sci Shenzhen 518172 Peoples R China Univ Bremen Machine Listening Lab D-28359 Bremen Germany

Humans possess the remarkable ability to selectively attend to a single speaker amidst competing voices and background noise, known as selective auditory attention. Recent studies in auditory neuroscience indicate a strong correlation between the attended speech signal and the corresponding brain's elicited neuronal activities. In this work, we study such brain activities measured using affordable and non-intrusive electroencephalography (EEG) devices. We present NeuroHeed, a speaker extraction model that leverages the listener's synchronized EEG signals to extract the attended speech signal in a cocktail party scenario, in which the extraction process is conditioned on a neuronal attractor encoded from the EEG signal. We propose both an offline and an online NeuroHeed, with the latter designed for real-time inference. In the online NeuroHeed, we additionally propose an autoregressive speaker encoder, which accumulates past extracted speech signals for self-enrollment of the attended speaker information into an auditory attractor, that retains the attentional momentum over time. Online NeuroHeed extracts the current window of the speech signals with guidance from both attractors. Experimental results on KUL dataset two-speaker scenario demonstrate that NeuroHeed effectively extracts brain-attended speech signals with an average scale-invariant signal-to-noise ratio improvement (SI-SDRi) of 14.3 dB and extraction accuracy of 90.8% in offline settings, and SI-SDRi of 11.2 dB and extraction accuracy of 85.1% in online settings.

关键词： Electroencephalography Brain modeling Speech recognition Data mining Accuracy Neuroscience Visualization Selective auditory attention EEG speaker extraction online autoregressive self-enrollment attractor accumulation

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SoK: Opportunities for Accelerating Multi-Party Computation via Trusted Hardware 3

SoK: Opportunities for Accelerating Multi-Party Computation ...

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2024 International Symposium on Secure and Private Execution Environment Design

作者： Liu, Tong Huang, Zhen Li, Jiaao Niu, Jianyu Chen, Guoxing Zhang, Yinqian Southern Univ Sci & Technol Shenzhen Peoples R China Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Shanghai Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Beijing Peoples R China Southern Univ Sci & Technol SUSTech Res Inst Trustworthy Autonomous Syst Shenzhen Peoples R China Southern Univ Sci & Technol SUSTech Dept Comp Sci & Engn Shenzhen Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798331505660;9798331505653

Multi-Party Computation (MPC) allows a set of parties to evaluate a joint function without revealing their private inputs to each other. However, existing MPC protocols suffer from high computation and communication complexity, making them incapable of practical privacy-preserving applications. Unlike MPC, which relies on expensive cryptography, Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) aim to efficiently protect the integrity and confidentiality of run-time code and data from the hardware level. Despite this, TEE is not a panacea due to its vulnerability to various attacks to deteriorate their confidentiality. Therefore, integrating MPC protocols with TEE emerges as a promising approach to achieving both high performance and security. In this paper, we surveyed existing works of integrating TEE into MPC to build a privacy-preserving framework with optimized communication and computing overhead. These integrated MPC-TEE protocols vary from different trust assumptions of TEEs' confidentiality, by which they can be categorized into four classes: TEE with complete confidentiality, TEE with access pattern leakage, TEE with no confidentiality or integrity, and hybrid models of the above three cases. By analyzing these works, we summarized the focal points of integrating two approaches under different trust levels and provided paradigm cases for each level. We also figured out several challenges in integrating TEE and MPC protocols and suggested several future research directions that are worthy of further study.

关键词： Differential privacy

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Accurate 3D LiDAR SLAM System Based on Hash Multi-Scale Map and Bidirectional Matching Algorithm

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SENSORS 2024年第12期24卷 4011页

作者： Ma, Tingchen Kong, Lingxin Ou, Yongsheng Xu, Sheng Chinese Acad Sci Shenzhen Inst Adv Technol Guangdong Prov Key Lab Robot & Intelligent Syst Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Shenzhen Coll Adv Technol Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China Southern Univ Sci & Technol Dept Elect & Elect Engn Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China Dalian Univ Technol Fac Elect Informat & Elect Engn Dalian 116024 Peoples R China

Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is a hot research area that is widely required in many robotics applications. In SLAM technology, it is essential to explore an accurate and efficient map model to represent the environment and develop the corresponding data association methods needed to achieve reliable matching from measurements to maps. These two key elements impact the working stability of the SLAM system, especially in complex scenarios. However, previous literature has not fully addressed the problems of efficient mapping and accurate data association. In this article, we propose a novel hash multi-scale (H-MS) map to ensure query efficiency with accurate modeling. In the proposed map, the inserted map point will simultaneously participate in modeling voxels of different scales in a voxel group, enabling the map to represent objects of different scales in the environment effectively. Meanwhile, the root node of the voxel group is saved to a hash table for efficient access. Secondly, considering the one-to-many (1 x103 order of magnitude) high computational data association problem caused by maintaining multi-scale voxel landmarks simultaneously in the H-MS map, we further propose a bidirectional matching algorithm (MSBM). This algorithm utilizes forward-reverse-forward projection to balance the efficiency and accuracy problem. The proposed H-MS map and MSBM algorithm are integrated into a completed LiDAR SLAM (HMS-SLAM) system. Finally, we validated the proposed map model, matching algorithm, and integrated system on the public KITTI dataset. The experimental results show that, compared with the ikd tree map, the H-MS map model has higher insertion and deletion efficiency, both having O(1) time complexity. The computational efficiency and accuracy of the MSBM algorithm are better than that of the small-scale priority matching algorithm, and the computing speed of the MSBM achieves 49 ms/time under a single CPU thread. In addition, the HMS-SLAM syste

关键词： hash multi-scale map bidirectional matching LiDAR SLAM robot navigation

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A panel of multivalent nanobodies broadly neutralizing Omicron subvariants and recombinant

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JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY 2024年第3期96卷 e29528-e29528页

作者： Zheng, Liuhai Wang, Huifang Liu, Xueyan Xu, Chengchao Tian, Mingxiong Shi, Guangwei Bai, Chongzhi Li, Zhijie Wang, Jigang Liu, Shuwen Jinan Univ Shenzhen Peoples Hosp Southern Univ Sci & TechnolClin Med Coll 2 Dept Crit MedSch MedAffiliated Hosp 1 Shenzhen Guangdong Peoples R China Southern Med Univ Sch Pharmaceut Sci NMPA Key Lab Res & Evaluat Drug Metab Guangzhou 510515 Peoples R China Southern Med Univ Sch Pharmaceut Sci Guangdong Prov Key Lab New Drug Screening Guangzhou Peoples R China Fujian Univ Tradit Chinese Med Coll Integrat Med Lab Pathophysiol Key Lab Integrat Med Chron Dis Fuzhou Peoples R China China Acad Chinese Med Sci Artemisinin Res Ctr State Key Lab Qual Assurance & Sustainable Use Da Beijing Peoples R China China Acad Chinese Med Sci Inst Chinese Mat Medica Beijing Peoples R China Southeast Univ Zhongda Hosp Sch Med Nanjing Peoples R China Shanxi Prov Hosp Tradit Chinese Med Cent Lab Taiyuan 030012 Peoples R China Affiliated Hosp Southwest Med Univ Dept Oncol Luzhou Sichuan Peoples R China Henan Univ Sch Pharm State Key Lab Antiviral Drugs Kaifeng Henan Peoples R China

The emerging Omicron subvariants have a remarkable ability to spread and escape nearly all current monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatments. Although the virulence of SARS-CoV-2 has now diminished, it remains a significant threat to public health due to its high transmissibility and susceptibility to mutation. Therefore, it is urgent to develop broad-acting and potent therapeutics targeting current and emerging Omicron variants. Here, we identified a panel of Omicron BA.1 spike receptor-binding domain (RBD)-targeted nanobodies (Nbs) from a naive alpaca VHH library. This panel of Nbs exhibited high binding affinity to the spike RBD of wild-type, Alpha B.1.1.7, Beta B.1.351, Delta plus, Omicron BA.1, and BA.2. Through multivalent Nb construction, we obtained a subpanel of ultrapotent neutralizing Nbs against Omicron BA.1, BA.2, BF.7 and even emerging XBB.1.5, and XBB.1.16 pseudoviruses. Protein structure prediction and docking analysis showed that Nb trimer 2F2E5 targets two independent RBD epitopes, thus minimizing viral escape. Taken together, we obtained a panel of broad and ultrapotent neutralizing Nbs against Omicron BA.1, Omicron BA.2, BF.7, XBB.1.5, and XBB.1.16. These multivalent Nbs hold great promise for the treatment against SARS-CoV-2 infection and could possess a superwide neutralizing breadth against novel omicron mutants or recombinants.

关键词： multivalent neutralizing Nbs Omicron receptor-binding domain SARS-CoV-2

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Improving deep groundwater aquifer characterization with deep learning inversion of audio-frequency magnetotelluric data

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JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY 2024年 640卷

作者： Chen, Hang Ren, Zhengyong Liu, Jianxin Liu, Zhengguang Guo, Rongwen Wang, Yongfei He, Dongdong Boise State Univ Dept Geosci Boise ID 83725 USA Cent South Univ Sch Geosci & Info phys Changsha 410083 Hunan Peoples R China Chinese Univ Hong Kong Sch Sci & Engn Shenzhen 518172 Guangdong Peoples R China

Deep groundwater is a crucial resource for drinking, industry, and ecosystems. However, its extensive subsurface distribution poses challenges for traditional hydrological sampling methods. Audio-frequency Magnetotelluric (AMT) is commonly used to image shallow subsurface resistivity distribution, but its application for quantifying deep groundwater aquifers is challenging. In this study, we propose a two-step strategy deep learning (DL) to estimate subsurface water information from AMT data. First, we employ an inversion DL network to directly predict subsurface resistivity distribution from AMT data. To assess the impact of data and prior information on DL inversions, we progressively include more input data during training, from apparent resistivity to apparent resistivity, phase, and Bostick transformed initial models. In the second step, we use another DL network to predict subsurface structure from AMT inversion results. We then estimate water content based on unit-specific petrophysical relationships. Evaluating our algorithm with synthetic cases, we find that including more information generally improves network performance, particularly when incorporating initial Bostick transformed models. Applying the algorithm to a field hydrogeological survey, we compare the inversion network trained with apparent resistivity, phase, and Bostick transformed initial models to traditional regularization inversions. The new approach shows better consistency with borehole data. Another network extracts structure information, enabling the estimation of subsurface water content and gaining valuable hydrogeological insights. To summarize, our study presents a novel DL-based approach to quantitatively delineate deep groundwater aquifers using AMT data. The proposed algorithm demonstrates promising performance in estimating subsurface hydrologic properties, providing valuable insights for hydrogeological investigations.

关键词： Deep Groundwater Audio-Frequency Magnetotelluric Deep Learning Inversion Water content

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Micromesh reinforced strain sensor with high stretchability and stability for full-range and periodic human motions monitoring

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InfoMat 2024年第4期6卷 124-139页

作者： Haidong Liu Chang Liu Jinan Luo Hao Tang Yuanfang Li Houfang Liu Jingzhi Wu Fei Han Zhiyuan Liu Jianhe Guo Rongwei Tan Tian-Ling Ren Yancong Qiao Jianhua Zhou School of Biomedical Engineering Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongthe People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province School of Biomedical EngineeringSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouthe People's Republic of China School of Integrated Circuits and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology(BNRist) Tsinghua UniversityBeijingthe People's Republic of China CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Shenzhenthe People's Republic of China Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Implantable Medical Polymer Shenzhen Lando Biomaterials Co.Ltd.Shenzhenthe People's Republic of China

The development of strain sensors with high stretchability and stability is an inevitable requirement for achieving full-range and long-term use of wearable electronic ***,a resistive micromesh reinforced strain sensor(MRSS)with high stretchability and stability is prepared,consisting of a laser-scribed graphene(LSG)layer and two styrene-block-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-poly-styrene micromesh layers embedded in *** micromesh reinforced structure endows the MRSS with combined characteris-tics of a high stretchability(120%),excellent stability(with a repetition error of 0.8%after 11000 cycles),and outstanding sensitivity(gauge factor up to 2692 beyond 100%).Impressively,the MRSS can still be used continauously within the working range without damage,even if stretched to 300%.Furthermore,compared with different structure sensors,the mechanism of the MRSS with high stretchability and stability is ***'s more,a multilayer finite element model,based on the layered structure of the LSG and the morphology of the cracks,is proposed to investigate the strain sensing behavior and failure mechanism of the ***,due to the outstanding performance,the MRSS not only performes well in monitoring full-range human motions,but also achieves intelligent recognitions of various respiratory activities and ges-tures assisted by neural network algorithms(the accuracy up to 94.29%and 100%,respectively).This work provides a new approach for designing high-performance resistive strain sensors and shows great potential in full-range and long-term intelligent health management and human-machine interac-tions applications.

关键词： flexible strain sensor excellent stretchability and stability layered laser-scribed graphene micromesh reinforced structure multilayer finite element model

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Non-universality and dissipative anomaly in compressible magnetohydrodynamic turbulence

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JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS 2024年 992卷 A9-A9页

作者： Li, Cheng Yang, Yan Matthaeus, William H. Jiang, Bin Wan, Minping Chen, Shiyi Southern Univ Sci & Technol Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn Guangdong Prov Key Lab Turbulence Res & Applicat Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China Southern Univ Sci & Technol Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Joint Lab Data Driven Fl Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China Univ Delaware Dept Phys & Astron Newark DE 19716 USA Eastern Inst Technol Eastern Inst Adv Study Ningbo 315200 Peoples R China

We systematically study the dissipative anomaly in compressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence using direct numerical simulations, and show that the total dissipation remains finite as viscosity diminishes. The dimensionless dissipation rate C-epsilon fits well with the model C-epsilon = C-epsilon,C-infinity + D/R-L(-) for all levels of flow compressibility considered here, where R-L(-) is the generalized large-scale Reynolds number. The asymptotic value C-epsilon,C-infinity describes the total energy transfer flux, and decreases with increase of the flow compressibility, indicating non-universality of the dimensionless dissipation rate in compressible MHD turbulence. After introducing an empirically modified dissipation rate, the data from compressible cases collapse to a form similar to the incompressible MHD case depending only on the modified Reynolds number.

关键词： turbulence theory MHD turbulence compressible turbulence

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Efficient production of recombinant human FVII in CHO cells using the piggyBac transposon system

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PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION 2025年 229卷 106666页

作者： Yang, Zhen Wang, Xueyun Luo, Shan Li, Hui Xu, Jiangbo Liang, Linlin He, Zhimin Wang, Guangyuan Wu, Zhuobin Zhong, Nan Xiang, Haijun Zhang, Zhan Guo, Caiping Zhang, Yunjia Yan, Fei Chinese Acad Sci Shenzhen Inst Synthet Biol Shenzhen Inst Adv Technol Key Lab Quantitat Synthet Biol Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China Shenzhen Weiguang Biol Prod Co Ltd Shenzhen 518107 Peoples R China Shenzhen Innovat Pharmaceut Engn Lab Recombinant P Shenzhen 518107 Peoples R China

As an important coagulation factor, activated coagulation factor VII (FVIIa) is mainly used to treat the bleeding of hemophilia patients who have developed inhibitory antibodies against FVIII and FIX conventional treatment. Recombinant human factor VII (rhFVII) produced in mammalian cell lines have been developed as the most important resource of FVIIa. However, cell lines express rhFVII protein derived from an exogenous expression vector at a lower level than most other proteins. In the current study, we have shown efficient rhFVII production in CHO cell lines using piggyBac (PB) transposon system. rhFVII is successfully expressed in fed-batch culture of CHO cells, and the expression of rhFVII up to 100 mg/L. Moreover, the purified secreted rhFVII was determined by SDS-PAGE and Western Blot. The coagulation activity was determined by the chromogenic Activity ELISA kit. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that the piggyBac transposon system can be used for an efficient production of recombinant FVII.

关键词： Blood coagulation factor VII PiggyBac transposon system CHO cells Recombinant protein Production Fed-batch

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In-situ investigation into the atomic-scale removal behavior of gallium nitride

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APPLIED SURFACE science 2025年 679卷

作者： Chen, Gaopan Guo, Jian Luo, Haimei Zhou, Yan Liu, Xinke Guo, Dan Pan, Guoshun Tsinghua Univ Shenzhen Shenzhen Key Lab Micro Nano Mfg Res Inst Shenzhen 518057 Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ State Key Lab Tribol Adv Equipment Beijing 10084 Peoples R China Univ South China Sch Mech Engn Hengyang 421001 Hunan Province Peoples R China Shenzhen Univ Coll Mat Sci & Engn Shenzhen 518060 Peoples R China

The process of elimination at the atomic level stands as the paramount step in crafting ultra-smooth gallium nitride (GaN) substrates. However, this delicate removal mechanism presents a notable challenge. In this study, we employed a scraping technique utilizing atomic force microscope (AFM) probe manipulation to conduct an insitu examination of atomic-scale removal behaviors. Through in-situ regular imaging, we uncovered the principles underlying atomic-scale removal. We systematically explored how scraping and imaging techniques impacted surface topography and the behavior of atomic step-terraces removal. Our findings indicated that abrasives knocking facilitates the emergence of atomic step-terraces, while sliding removal techniques hinder the structure. During the scraping process, both the upper and lower sections of the atomic step-terraces were simultaneously eliminated, with material removal rate (MRR) being slower at the bottom. To validate our in-situ observations, we conducted polishing experiments. Furthermore, the coefficient of friction (COF) recorded during chemical mechanical polishing offered insights into the frictional disparities of abrasives on the GaN surface, thereby shedding light on the atomic-scale removal mechanism.

关键词： GaN In-situ investigation Atomic scale removal AFM

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Optimizing electrical output performance of triboelectric nanogenerators by micro-/nano-morphology design and fabrication

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2025年第3期7卷 260-288页

作者： Jiaxin Han Xingyi Dai Long-Biao Huang Jianhua Hao Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060People’s Republic of China Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong Special Administrative Region of China 999077People’s Republic of China

Fueled by the increasing imperative for sustainable energy solutions and the burgeoning emphasis on health awareness,self-powered techniques have undergone notable strides in *** nanogenerators(TENGs)stand out as a prominent device capitalizing on the principles of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction to generate electricity or electrical *** efforts to augment the electrical output performance of TENGs and broaden their range of applications,researchers have endeavored to refine materials,surface morphology,and structural *** them,physical morphological modifications play a pivotal role in enhancing the electrical properties of TENGs by increasing the contact surface area,which can be achieved by building micro-/nano-structures on the surface or inside the friction *** this review,we summarize the common morphologies of TENGs,categorize the morphologies into surface and internal structures,and elucidate their roles in enhancing the electric output performance of ***,we systematically classify the methodologies employed for morphological preparation into physical and chemical approaches,thereby furnishing a comprehensive survey of the diverse ***,typical applications of TENGs with special morphology divided by energy harvesting and self-powered sensors are ***,an overview of the challenges and future trajectories pertinent to TENGs is *** this endeavor,the aim of this article is to catalyze the evolution of further strategies for enhancing performance of TENGs.

关键词： triboelectric nanogenerator morphology modification micro-/nano-structures physical and chemical fabrication electrical output performance

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