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Latitude-oriented hierarchical enhancement network for omnidirectional image super-resolution

INFORMATION PROCESSING & MANAGEMENT 2025年第6期62卷

作者： Wang, Xin Li, Jinkai Li, Jinxing Wang, Shiqi Xu, Yong Harbin Inst Technol Sch Comp Sci & Technol Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China Harbin Inst Technol Shenzhen Key Lab Visual Object Detect & Recognit Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China City Univ Hong Kong Dept Comp Sci Kowloon Tong Hong Kong Peoples R China Peng Cheng Lab Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China

Omnidirectional image super-resolution (ODISR) holds significant application potential in various industrial scenarios, such as virtual reality and autonomous driving. However, most existing super-resolution methods focus on standard 2D images and yield unsatisfactory ODISR performance, because omnidirectional images (ODIs) typically adopt the equirectangular projection (ERP) format, suffering from serious geometric distortion and differentiated texture features related to the latitude. In this paper, we propose a novel latitude-oriented hierarchical enhancement network (LOHE-Net) for ODISR, which allows features at different latitudes to obtain hierarchical enhancement. Specifically, we first exploit a hierarchical enhancement unit to divide an ERP feature map into different sub-regions according to the latitude and then perform distinct enhancement for these sub-regions, which can effectively address the differentiation of texture features, adapt the geometric distortion, and derive high-frequency information across latitudes in ERP ODIs. Subsequently, we introduce a distillation and spatial enhancement unit to progressively extract important information and further refine it in the spatial domain, boosting the representation ability with low computational cost. Extensive quantitative and qualitative experiments validate the superior ODISR performance and computational efficiency of our LOHE-Net.

关键词： Omnidirectional image Super-resolution Hierarchical enhancement Differentiation High-frequency information

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Effect of Solidification Direction on the Freckle Formation in Single-Crystal Superalloy Castings

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MATERIALS 2025年第7期18卷 1534-1534页

作者： Ma, Dexin Sun, Hongyuan Zhao, Yunxing Xu, Weitai Huang, Zaiwang Cheng, Bowen Liu, Yang Wang, Fu Yang, Qiang Li, Lv Deng, Yangpi Xu, Fuze Zhang, Haijie Wu, Menghuai Cent South Univ State Key Lab Powder Met Changsha 410083 Peoples R China Wedge Cent South Res Inst Co Ltd Shenzhen 518045 Peoples R China Shenzhen Wedge Aviat Technol Co Ltd Shenzhen 518045 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Mfg Syst Engn Xian 710049 Peoples R China Univ Leoben Chair Simulat & Modelling Met Proc Dept Met A-8700 Leoben Austria

Solidification experiments in two opposite directions were conducted to investigate the buoyancy effect on freckle formation during directional solidification in single-crystal superalloy castings. During conventional upward solidification with the superalloy CMSX-4, severe freckles were observed in castings of various geometries. By reversing the solidification direction from upward to downward, freckle-free castings could be obtained. To visually verify the effect of the solidification direction, an in situ observation experiment by varying the solidification direction was performed using a Ga-In alloy. In the upward solidification process, strong solutal convection was visually observed due to the decrease in the density of the interdendritic liquid. Conversely, a stable condition without visible flow was established during downward solidification, due to the stable state of the top-light, bottom-heavy liquid system. A new Rayleigh-number model was successfully applied to characterize the freckle features in superalloy cluster castings. When the solidification direction was reversed from upward to downward, the driving force for solutal convection was suppressed, leading to the complete elimination of freckle formation in single-crystal superalloy castings.

关键词： superalloy single crystal freckle solidification direction solutal convection

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Factors influencing preformed metal crowns and prefabricated zirconia crowns

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BMC ORAL HEALTH 2025年第1期25卷 1-9页

作者： Deng, Shuman Dou, Weiwei Chen, Ying Chen, Zhixiao Song, Ning Gao, Qi Zhang, Li Xie, Jing Longgang Otorhinolaryngol Hosp Shenzhen Dept Stomatol Shenzhen Peoples R China Jining Stomatol Hosp Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg Jining Peoples R China Shenzhen Childrens Hosp Dept Stomatol Shenzhen Peoples R China Shenzhen Second Peoples Hosp Dept Maxillofac Surg Shenzhen Peoples R China

Backgound Preformed metal crowns (PMCs) and zirconia crowns (ZCs) are commonly used for the treatment of primary molar caries. However, there have been no reports on factors influencing parental awareness, willingness to use these treatments, and the associated discomfort after crown placement in children. This study is the first to report factors influencing preformed crowns, providing a reference for the prevention and treatment of deciduous carious teeth. Methods Parents whose children's posterior caries were restored with preformed crowns at shenzhen Children's Hospital from October 2021 to October 2023 were recruited. A questionnaire gathered data on multiple variables, including basic information about the participants, their oral health behaviors, and their attitudes toward oral health. Results Approximately two-thirds of the surveyed parents were aware of preformed metal crowns (PMCs) (67.8%), whereas over half were hardly aware of prefabricated zirconia crowns (ZCs) (59.6%). In terms of discomfort symptoms, 105 (76.7%) and 102 (76.1%) cases were reported after PMC and ZC placement respectively;however, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). Among the surveyed parents, 19 (8.7%) expressed that they could not accept the PMC color, whereas all could accept the ZC color, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). A total of 217 parents (99.5%) could accept PMCs to protect or repair primary carious teeth;29.8% of the parents stated that they were reluctant to use ZCs to protect or repair their children's deciduous teeth, and the difference was significant (P < 0.05). In terms of location selection, the majority of surveyed parents chose comprehensive hospitals (58.7%) and stomatological hospitals (41.3%). In terms of institution selection, priority was given to the doctor's qualifications (90.4%). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that "acceptance of the PMC color", "oral health awareness", and

关键词： Metal preformed crown Ceramic prefabricated crown Influencing factors

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Influences of gestational diabetes mellitus on the changes in the vaginal microbiota from antepartum to postpartum

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BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH 2025年第1期25卷 1-12页

作者： Liao, Ying Liu, Ting Zeng, Xinfang Xiao, Bin Xiao, Meiqun Zhu, Yuanfang Song, Qiying Shenzhen Baoan Womens & Childrens Hosp Dept Obstet 56 Yulv Rd Shenzhen 518100 Baoan Peoples R China Jinan Univ Clin Med Coll 1 Guangzhou 510000 Peoples R China Shenzhen Baoan Womens & Childrens Hosp Maternal Fetal Med Inst Shenzhen 518100 Peoples R China Shenzhen Baoan Womens & Childrens Hosp Dept Child Healthcare Shenzhen 518100 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Shenzhen Inst Adv Technol Inst Biomed & Biotechnol Ctr Energy Metab & Reprod Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China Shenzhen Univ Hlth Sci Ctr Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China

Background No consensus has yet been reached concerning whether there were significant differences in the vaginal microbiota according to maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) status. This study aimed to compare the vaginal microbiota of women with GDM and normal blood glucose before and after delivery and to prospectively evaluate the influence of GDM on the dynamic changes of vaginal microbiota from antepartum to postpartum. Methods his study included 20 GDM patients and 31 average pregnant women who gave birth at the shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital. Vaginal secretions samples were collected one week before delivery (D0), on the first day of delivery (D1), and 42 days after delivery (D42). Vaginal microbiota was detected using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results There was no significant difference in alpha and beta diversity between the GDM and non-GDM groups at each time point (all p > 0.05). However, the overall change patterns in Shannon and Pielou's evenness index from D0 to D1 to D42 significantly differed between the GDM and non-GDM groups (p = 0.046 and p = 0.032, respectively). The abundance of Lactobacillus decreased obviously after delivery, especially in the GDM group, showing a more severe imbalance of the vaginal microbiota. Conclusions We found that GDM affected the succession of vaginal microbiota in the perinatal period. Our findings provided additional evidence for regulating the vaginal microbiota during pregnancy and postpartum to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes and achieve long-term vaginal health outcomes.

关键词： Gestational diabetes Vaginal microbiota Bacterial vaginosis Gene sequencing Antenatal period Postpartum period

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Forecasting the commuting generation using metropolis-informed GCN and the topological commuter portrait

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TRANSPORTATION 2024年 1-28页

作者： Chen, Yuting Zhao, Pengjun Chen, Qi Peking Univ Coll Urban & Environm Sci Beijing 100871 Peoples R China Peking Univ Shenzhen Grad Sch Sch Urban Planning & Design Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China Minist Nat Resources China Key Lab Earth Surface Syst & Human Erath Relat Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China Victoria Univ Wellington Ctr Data Sci & Artificial Intelligence Wellington 6012 New Zealand Victoria Univ Wellington Sch Engn & Comp Sci Wellington 6012 New Zealand

Understanding commuter traffic in transportation networks is crucial for sustainable urban planning with commuting generation forecasts operating as a pivotal stage in commuter traffic modeling. Overcoming challenges posed by the intricacy of commuting networks and the uncertainty of commuter behaviors, we propose MetroGCN, a metropolis-informed graph convolutional network designed for commuting forecasts in metropolitan areas. MetroGCN introduces dimensions of metropolitan indicators to comprehensively construct commuting networks with diverse socioeconomic features. This model also innovatively embeds topological commuter portraits in spatial interaction through a multi-graph representation approach capturing the semantic spatial correlations based on individual characteristics. By incorporating graph convolution and temporal convolution with a spatial-temporal attention module, MetroGCN adeptly handles high-dimensional dependencies in large commuting networks. Quantitative experiments on the shenzhen metropolitan area datasets validate the superior performance of MetroGCN compared to state-of-the-art methods. Notably, the results highlight the significance of commuter age and income in forecasting commuting generations. Statistical significance analysis further underscores the importance of anthropic indicators for commuting production forecasts and environmental indicators for commuting attraction forecasts. This research contributes to technical advancement and valuable insights into the critical factors influencing commuting generation forecasts.

关键词： Commuting generation forecasts Graph convolutional networks Commuter portraits Metropolitan indicators

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Human telomere length detected by quantitative fluorescent in situ hybridization: overlooked importance and application

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CRITICAL REVIEWS IN CLINICAL LABORATORY scienceS 2025年第2期62卷 135-147页

作者： Li, Xinling Hu, Dongsheng Zhang, Ming Wang, Wei Shenzhen Univ Med Sch Sch Publ Hlth Dept Biostat & Epidemiol Shenzhen Guangdong Peoples R China Zhengzhou Univ Coll Publ Hlth Dept Occupat Hlth & Occupat Dis Zhengzhou Henan Peoples R China Key Lab Nanomed & Hlth Inspect Zhengzhou Zhengzhou Henan Peoples R China

The technique of Quantitative Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (Q-FISH) plays a crucial role in determining the length of telomeres for studies in molecular biology and cytogenetics. Throughout the years, the use of Q-FISH for measuring telomere length has made substantial contributions to research in aging, cancer, and stem cells. The objective of this analysis is to delineate the categorization, fundamental concepts, pros and cons, and safety measures of Q-FISH in telomere length analysis, encapsulate, and anticipate its principal uses across diverse human biomedical research fields.

关键词： telomere length Q-FISH Flow-FISH application disease

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Potential and Challenges in LVRT for Grid-Forming Wind Turbines Brought by the Emergence of New Power Modules With Enhanced Short-Circuit Current

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS 2025年第2期40卷 3657-3669页

作者： Xu, Siying Wang, Han Zhou, Dangsheng Zhang, Chen Zhang, Yu Cai, Xu Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Lab Control Power Transmission & Convers Minist Educ Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China Shenzhen Hopewind Elect Co Ltd Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China

Improving the short-circuit current capability of converters can directly enhance the low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) performance of doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind turbine systems (WTS). Previously, this approach was limited by power semiconductor modules and costs. Recent advances in materials and modulation strategies have greatly boosted their short-term overcurrent capability (up to 3.0 p.u. for 3 s) with only an approximate 3.3 % increase in the total wind turbine cost. This progress makes it necessary to assess the potential and challenges in its practical applications in LVRT for grid-forming wind turbines. First, the grid-forming control strategy for DFIG-based WTS under symmetrical grid faults is presented and the transient model is established. Second, new boundaries of the WTS are quantitatively examined regarding the controllable region, the power support capability, and the transient stability margin. Compared to before, the enhanced power modules enable wind turbines to better support voltage and expand the stable operation area without activating crowbar circuits. Third, issues of dc-link voltage drops and fluctuations when DFIGs operate at subsynchronous speeds during LVRT are studied. Results indicate that reducing the proportional coefficient of the rotor-side converter current loop and switching the grid-side converter to active power priority mode can solve this problem. Finally, theoretical results are verified by real-time simulations and experimental results.

关键词： Wind turbines Voltage control Grid forming Doubly fed induction generators Transient analysis Rotors Power system stability Short-circuit currents Stators Stability analysis DC-link voltage doubly-fed induction generator enhanced short-term overcurrent capability grid-forming control low-voltage ride through capability

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De-Methyl Esterification Modification of Root Pectin Mediates Cd Accumulation of Lactuca sativa

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PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT 2025年第2期48卷 1735-1748页

作者： Zhang, Qian-hui Tan, Xuan-tong Li, Zhen-bang Chen, Yi-qi Yang, Zhong-Yi Xin, Guo-rong He, Chun-tao Sun Yat Sen Univ Sch Agr & Biotechnol State Key Lab Biocontrol Guangdong Prov Key Lab Plant Stress Biol Shenzhen Campus Shenzhen Guangdong Peoples R China Sun Yat Sen Univ Sch Life Sci State Key Lab Biocontrol Guangzhou Guangdong Peoples R China

Cadmium (Cd) contamination in agricultural soil brings severe health risks through the dietary intake of Cd-polluted crops. The comprehensive role of pectin in lowering Cd accumulation is investigated through low Cd accumulated (L) and high Cd accumulated (H) cultivars of L. sativa. The significantly different Cd contents in the edible parts of two L. sativa cultivars are accomplished by different Cd transportations. The pectin is the dominant responsive cell wall component according to significantly increased uronic acid contents and the differential Cd absorption between unmodified and modified cell wall. The chemical structure characterization revealed the decreased methyl esterification in pectin under Cd treatment compared with control. Significantly brighter LM19 relative fluorescence density and 40.82% decreased methanol in the root pectin of L cultivar under Cd treatment (p < 0.05) supported that the de-methyl esterification of root pectin is more significant in L cultivar than in H cultivar. The pectin de-methyl esterification of L cultivar is achieved by the upregulation of pectin esterases and the downregulation of pectin esterase inhibitors under Cd treatments, which has facilitated the higher Cd-binding of pectin. Our findings provide deep insight into the differential Cd accumulation of L. sativa cultivars and contribute to the understanding the pollutant behaviors in plants.

关键词： cadmium accumulation de-methyl esterification Lactuca sativa pectin pectinesterase

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Interpretable multi-instance heterogeneous graph network learning modelling CircRNA-drug sensitivity association prediction

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BMC BIOLOGY 2025年第1期23卷 1-12页

作者： Niu, Mengting Wang, Chunyu Chen, Yaojia Zou, Quan Luo, Ximei Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Inst Fundamental & Frontier Sci Chengdu Peoples R China Macao Polytech Univ Gomes St Taipa 999078 Macau Peoples R China Shenzhen Polytech Univ Sch Elect & Commun Engn Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China Harbin Inst Technol Fac Comp Harbin 150000 Heilongjiang Peoples R China Monash Univ Biomed Discovery Inst Dept Biochem & Mol Biol Melbourne Vic 3800 Australia Wenzhou Med Univ Affiliated Hosp 1 Monash Biomed Discovery Inst Alliance Clin & Expt Wenzhou 325035 Peoples R China

Background Different expression levels of circular RNAs (circRNAs) affect the sensitivity of human cells to drugs, thus producing different responses to the therapeutic effects of drugs. Using traditional biomedical experiments to discover and confirm sensitivity relationships is not only time-consuming but also costly. Therefore, developing an effective method to accurately predict new associations between circRNAs and drug sensitivity is crucial and urgent. Therefore, we constructed a heterogeneous graph network MiGNN2CDS on the basis of multi-instance learning (MIL).ResultsWe first extracted similar features of circRNAs and drugs and the structural features of drugs to construct a heterogeneous network. To learn the deep embedding features of the heterogeneous network, we designed a heterogeneous graph convolutional network (GCN) architecture. By introducing instance learning, we subsequently designed a pseudo-metapath instance generator and a bidirectional translation embedding projector BiTrans to learn the metapath-level representation of circRNA-drug pairs. Finally, an interpretable multiscale attention network joint predictor was designed to achieve accurate prediction and interpretable analysis of circRNA-drug sensitivity ***2CDS achieves better prediction accuracy than many state-of-the-art models do. Case studies show that MiGNN2CDS can effectively predict unknown associations, and the model interpretability of MiGNN2CDS is verified by high-confidence meta-path analysis. The code and data are available at https://***/nmt315320/***.

关键词： CircRNA-drug sensitivity association Multi-instance learning Heterogeneous graph neural network Interpretable analysis

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A Multiscale Dual Attention Network for the Automatic Classification of Polar Sea Ice and Open Water Based on Sentinel-1 SAR Images

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IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING 2024年 17卷 5500-5516页

作者： Zhang, Zheng Deng, Guangbo Luo, Chuyao Li, Xutao Ye, Yunming Xian, Di Harbin Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China Harbin Inst Technol Shenzhen Key Lab Internet Informat Collaborat Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China China Meteorol Adm Natl Satellite Meteorol Ctr Beijing 100081 Peoples R China

Automatic classification of sea ice and open water plays a vital role in climate change research, polar shipping, and other applications. Many deep-learning-based methods are proposed to automatically classify sea ice and open water to address this issue. Even though these methods have achieved remarkable success, the noise phenomenon in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images still causes considerable limitations in the model performance. Meanwhile, these existing methods ignore multiscale global information from large-scale SAR images, which tends to produce misclassification. In this article, we propose a novel multiscale dual attention network (MSDA-Net) for the task. To tackle the first drawback, we introduce the information of relative position and high-pass filtering as two extra channels to reduce the noisy effects. Moreover, we propose a patch dual attention mechanism and embed it into the ConvNeXt blocks to capture the multichannel and spatial features. To address the second problem, we propose a multiscale spatial attention module to capture multiscale global spatial information. The experiments show that the proposed method significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods. In addition, comprehensive case studies are conducted, which verify the effectiveness of MSDA-Net in different SAR scenes.

关键词： Sea ice Microwave radiometry Feature extraction Radar polarimetry Transformers Synthetic aperture radar Microwave theory and techniques Climate change Deep learning Noise measurement Learning systems sea ice classification synthetic aperture radar (SAR)

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