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Enhancing histopathological medical image classification for Early cancer diagnosis using deep learning and explainable AI - LIME & SHAP

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BIOMEDICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING AND CONTROL 2025年 100卷

作者： Ukwuoma, Chiagoziem C. Cai, Dongsheng Eziefuna, Ebere O. Oluwasanmi, Ariyo Abdi, Sabirin F. Muoka, Gladys W. Thomas, Dara Sarpong, Kwabena Chengdu Univ Technol Coll Nucl Technol & Automat Engn Chengdu 610059 Sichuan Peoples R China Chengdu Univ Technol Sichuan Engn Technol Res Ctr Ind Internet Intellig Chengdu 610059 Sichuan Peoples R China Chengdu Univ Technol OBU Sino British Collaborat Educ Chengdu 610059 Sichuan Peoples R China Univ Derby Sch Comp Sci & Engn Derby England Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Sch Informat & Software Engn Chengdu 610059 Sichuan Peoples R China Sichuan Univ Sch Publ Adm Sichuan Peoples R China Sichuan Univ Sch Business Sichuan Peoples R China

Cancer is a significant health concern globally and its early identification and screening are essential for better patient outcomes. To accurately perform cancer diagnosis and ascertain prognostic as well as therapeutic targets, histopathology images are used. Deep learning techniques have had significant success which has spurred substantial research into, among other cancer illnesses, breast, colon, and lung cancer, but their effectiveness is limited by drawbacks such as the need to select appropriate features, which can be time-consuming and challenging. Furthermore, despite the success of deep learning models, their decisions are opaque. There is a need to understand their decision-making processes. This paper proposes a novel deep-learning model for histopathological medical image classification, specifically breast, colon, and lung cancer analysis based on the various input image characteristics (low-level and high-level features). The BreakHis dataset (Breast Cancer) and LC25000 (Colon and Lung Cancer) are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed model. The proposed model's average accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F1_score, recall, and precision are 98.00 +/- 0.19 with a specific accuracy of 99.2 % and 99.1 % (BreakHis 4 and 8 classes), 99.9 % and 100 % (LC25000 3 and 2 classes) respectively. In other to interpret the proposed model results, an explainable AI model based on LIME and SHAP is designed for a human-understandable explanation. Furthermore, parameter sensitivity analysis of the proposed model was recorded for both datasets. Results show that the proffered model supersedes the traditional methods that rely only on high-level features with a wide and significant margin as well as highlights its importance for accurate cancer analysis and aiding healthcare practitioners to identify and diagnose cancer at an early stage.

关键词： Histopathological Medical Image Deep Learning Explainable AI Feature Extraction Early Cancer Diagnosis

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Federated Policy Distillation for Digital Twin-Enabled Intelligent Resource Trading in 5G Network Slicing

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORK AND SERVICE MANAGEMENT 2025年第1期22卷 361-379页

作者： Ayepah-Mensah, Daniel Sun, Guolin Boateng, Gordon Owusu Liu, Guisong Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Sch Comp Sci & Engn Chengdu 611731 Peoples R China Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Natl Key Lab Intelligent Collaborat Comp Chengdu 611731 Peoples R China Intelligent Terminal Key Lab Sichuan Prov Yibin 644005 Peoples R China Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Sch Informat & Commun Engn Chengdu 611731 Peoples R China Southwestern Univ Finance & Econ Sch Comp & Artificial Intelligence Chengdu 610074 Peoples R China

Resource sharing in radio access networks (RAN) can be conceptualized as a resource trading process between infrastructure providers (InPs) and multiple mobile virtual network operators (MVNO), where InPs lease essential network resources, such as spectrum and infrastructure, to MVNOs. Given the dynamic nature of RANs, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is a more suitable approach to decision-making and resource optimization that ensures adaptive and efficient resource allocation strategies. In RAN slicing, DRL struggles due to imbalanced data distribution and reliance on high-quality training data. In addition, the trade-off between the global solution and individual agent goals can lead to oscillatory behavior, preventing convergence to an optimal solution. Therefore, we propose a collaborative intelligent resource trading framework with a graph-based digital twin (DT) for multiple InPs and MVNOs based on Federated DRL. First, we present a customized mutual policy distillation scheme for resource trading, where complex MVNO teacher policies are distilled into InP student models and vice versa. This mutual distillation encourages collaboration to achieve personalized resource trading decisions that reach the optimal local and global solution. Second, the DT uses a graph-based model to capture the dynamic interactions between InPs and MVNOs to improve resource-trade decisions. DT can accurately predict resource prices and demand from MVNO to provide high-quality training data. In addition, DT identifies the underlying patterns and trends through advanced analytics, enabling proactive resource allocation and pricing strategies. The simulation results and analysis confirm the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed framework to an unbalanced data distribution.

关键词： Indium phosphide III-V semiconductor materials Resource management Collaboration Adaptation models Games Dynamic scheduling Pricing Heuristic algorithms Data models Deep reinforcement learning digital twin federated policy distillation radio access network (RAN) slicing resource trading

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Optimized Crystallization via Ionic Liquid Engineering for Air-Fabricated Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency of 25.11%

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SOLAR RRL 2025年第0期

作者： Tang, Shiying Gou, Yunsheng Deng, Chen Yuan, Chunlong Zhao, Pan Li, Can Chen, Jingyu Li, Haimin Yu, Hua Southwest Petr Univ Sch New Energy & Mat Chengdu Peoples R China Great Bay Univ Sch Phys Sci Dongguan Peoples R China

The premature reaction of PbI2 with organic cations in perovskite (PVK) precursor solutions often leads to compromised film quality. To mitigate this, the ionic liquid (IL) pyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate is introduced into the precursor solution. The strong interaction between pyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate and PbI2 promotes the formation of nucleation clusters, effectively lowering the nucleation barrier and regulating the crystallization of perovskite, resulting in high-quality, homogeneous PVK films. In situ characterization shows that the prenucleation strategy yields PVK films with an average grain size exceeding 1 mu m. The hydrophobicity of the trifluoromethyl group modulates humidity, facilitating perovskite crystallization in moist environments. This is in contrast to the typical negative effects of moisture, which can induce defects in perovskite structures. As a result, IL-modified perovskite solar cells (PSCs) achieved a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.11% under ambient conditions. These PSCs retained 80.43% of their initial PCE after 820 h of continuous maximum power point (MPP) tracking. Furthermore, after 1000 h of exposure to air with 30%-50% relative humidity (RH) at room temperature, the devices maintained 87% of their initial efficiency, demonstrating excellent air stability for long-term PSC applications.

关键词： air preparation high efficiency ionic liquids perovskite solar cells

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Investigation of the hypoglycemic bioactive components of Phyllanthi Fructus through biological assessment combined with ultrafiltration affinity mass spectrometry

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FOOD & FUNCTION 2025年第2期16卷 422-436页

作者： Zhang, Yifan Yu, Qiang Tan, Peng Tian, Shimin Lin, Junzhi Li, Mengqi Han, Li Huang, Haozhou Zhang, Dingkun Chengdu Univ Tradit Chinese Med State Key Lab Characterist Chinese Med Resources S Chengdu 611137 Peoples R China Sichuan Acad Chinese Med Sci State Key Lab Biol Evaluat Tradit Chinese Med Qual Natl Adm TCM Chengdu 610041 Peoples R China Chengdu Univ Tradit Chinese Med Meishan Hosp Innovat Inst Chinese Med & Pharm Chengdu 611137 Peoples R China Hosp Chengdu Univ Tradit Chinese Med TCM Regulating Metab Dis Key Lab Sichuan Prov Chengdu 610072 Peoples R China Sichuan Nursing Vocat Coll Chengdu 610100 Peoples R China Chengdu Univ Tradit Chinese Med Tianfu TCM Innovat Harbour Pengzhou 611900 Peoples R China

Phyllanthi Fructus (PF) is a tropical fruit with the potential to effectively reduce postprandial blood glucose. However, the lack of quantitative evaluation methods and comprehensive understanding of hypoglycemic active compounds has hindered the development and application of functional foods and dietary supplements derived from PF. In this study, based on the "mass reaction parallel line method", with acarbose as the control and PF extract as the test material, a biological evaluation method for PF hypoglycemic activity based on alpha-glucosidase inhibition was established for the first time. The in vitro and in vivo validation experiments showed that the coefficient (r) of correlation between the biological evaluation results and the AUC of rat postprandial blood glucose concentration was as high as 0.866, which confirmed the reliability of the evaluation method. The analysis of 20 batches of PF samples showed that the hypoglycemia potency of PF ranged from 2.66 to 8.39 U mg-1, with an average value of 4.00 U mg-1, and the standard deviation was 1.5. UF-LC-MS was used to identify 36 components of PF capable of binding to alpha-glucosidase. Molecular docking results showed that the binding energy was between -3.5 and -14.3 kJ mol-1. The hypoglycemic activity of 17 available control products was tested, and 8 inhibitors were found, including hyperoside, gallic acid, and corilagin. Dose-effect analysis suggested that flavonoids and polyphenols with a phenolic hydroxyl structure could inhibit alpha-glucosidase. In short, this study provides a basis for the development of PF hypoglycemic functional foods.

关键词： Reliability analysis

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Blue light-emitting diode promotes mineralization of stem cells from the apical papilla via cryptochrome 1/Wnt/β-catenin signaling

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JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR HISTOLOGY 2025年第2期56卷 1-15页

作者： Ye, Lin Li, Hao Zhang, Wantong Zhou, Yan Lan, Xiaorong Wang, Yao Southwest Med Univ Affiliated Stomatol Hosp Dept Prevent Dent Luzhou 646000 Peoples R China Luzhou Key Lab Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruct & Luzhou 646000 Peoples R China Southwest Med Univ Inst Stomatol Luzhou 646000 Peoples R China Pangang Grp Gen Hosp Panzhihua 617023 Peoples R China

This study aimed to determine whether low-intensity blue LED light (4 J/cm(2)) promotes mineralization of stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) by modulating CRY1 expression and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. SCAPs identity was validated using flow cytometry. In a controlled experimental design, SCAPs were exposed to blue LED light, followed by quantitative assessment of CRY1 and osteogenic markers (Runx2, OSX, DSPP, DMP-1) via qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and osteogenic staining. To investigate the role of CRY1 in SCAPs osteogenic differentiation, CRY1 was overexpressed using lentiviral transfection. Additionally, the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway was analyzed using specific inhibitors (XAV-939) to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Blue LED irradiation reduced CRY1 mRNA expression to 80% (day 7) and 45% (day 14) of control levels. CRY1 overexpression significantly increased CRY1 mRNA and protein levels (P < 0.001) but decreased ALP activity and ARS staining (P < 0.001). Blue LED treatment restored mineralization parameters to 80% of control levels. Key osteogenic genes (DMP-1, DSPP, Runx2, OSX) showed lower mRNA and protein levels in the CRY1 overexpression group compared to controls. Blue LED exposure increased these levels to 60-74% (mRNA) and 45-67% (protein) of control values. In the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, CRY1 overexpression elevated GSK-3 beta and reduced p-GSK-3 beta, beta-catenin, and nuclear beta-catenin levels. Blue LED treatment restored these levels to 33-54% of control values, indicating pathway activation. Inhibition of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway (using XAV-939) abolished differences in osteogenic gene expression and mineralization between CRY1 overexpression and blue LED-treated groups, confirming its critical role. Blue LED light at 4 J/cm(2) enhances SCAPs mineralization by modulating CRY1 expression and activating the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. These findings provide mechanistic insights into photobiomodulation (P

关键词： Photobiomodulation Therapy Wnt Signaling Pathway Stem Cells from the Apical Papilla Cryptochrome1(Cry1) Osteogenic Differentiation

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Study on excitation effect of different combination modes of shear wave vibroseis

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ACTA GEOPHYSICA 2025年第3期73卷 2461-2476页

作者： You, Zhengtao Huang, Zhiqiang Hao, Lei Li, Gang Fu, Mingwei Wang, Ruohao Shuai, Jun Southwest Petr Univ Sch Mech & Elect Engn Chengdu Peoples R China China Natl Petr Corp Bur Geophys Prospecting Zhuozhou Peoples R China Southwest Petr Univ Oil & Gas Equipment Technol Sharing & Serv Platfor Chengdu Peoples R China

In order to solve the problems of less earth capture energy and shallow depth of shear wave signal transmission during the operation of shear wave vibroseis, and improve the exploration quality, the influence of different combination methods on excitation effect is studied. Through numerical simulation, the vibrator-simulated finite element model of combined shear wave vibroseis is established. Taking the earth capture energy, particle displacement amplitude and shear stress as evaluation indexes, the influence of three parameters, namely arrangement mode, spacing and number, on the combined excitation effect of shear wave vibroseis is deeply studied. The results show that, in terms of arrangement, compared with two SHY arrangements, two SHX vibroseis capture more energy in the earth when excited, and the particle displacement amplitude increases by 82.8% on average compared with a single vibroseis, and the sine wave shape of the shear stress curve is more complete, and the attenuation degree is smaller with the increase of depth;in terms of vibroseis spacing, compared with the combined vibroseis with the spacing of 3 m, 9 m and 12 m, the combined vibroseis with the spacing of 6 m has more ground capture energy, the particle displacement amplitude is increased by 62.5% on average compared with the single vibroseis, the shear stress distortion is smaller, and the attenuation is slower with the increase of depth. In terms of vibroseis number, compared with 4, 6 and 8 combined vibroseis, the loss rate of earth capture energy is the lowest when the 2 combined vibroseis excite, which is only 6.06% compared with the single vibroseis, and the particle displacement amplitude is increased by 56.5% on average compared with the single vibroseis, and the shear stress amplitude is larger. The research results can provide guidance for improving the excitation effect of shear wave vibroseis, and also provide reference for the study of combined excitation design of shear wave vibro

关键词： Shear wave vibroseis Vibroseis combination mode Excitation effect Shear wave exploration Finite element method

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Sensitive and selective chemosensor for Fe3+detection using carbon dots synthesized by microwave method

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SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2025年 334卷 125907页

作者： Deng, Xiang Yang, Huan Gong, An-Jie Huang, Xiao-Mei Li, Lu Sichuan Inst Arts & Sci Dept Chem & Chem Engn Dazhou 635000 Sichuan Peoples R China Chongqing Grain & Oil Inspection & Supervis Inst Chongqing 400026 Peoples R China Sichuan Inst Arts & Sci Educ Dept Sichuan Prov Key Lab Low cost Rural Environm Treatment Technol Dazhou 635002 Sichuan Peoples R China

The excessive accumulation of heavy metal ions can pose significant hazards to human health and the environment, hence the detection and removal of heavy metal ions from water bodies are essential. Generally, carbon dots (CDs) are used as a good fluorescence sensor to sense heavy metal ions. In this study, using one-step microwave method, CDs were synthesized with the traditional Chinese medicine Radix Vladimiriae as a carbon source for the first time. These CDs display excellent fluorescence properties with an average particle size of approximately 5.9 nm and a fluorescence quantum yield (QY) about 0.15. The fluorescence emission spectra were recorded at different excitation peaks with the highest intensity emission peak observed at 465 nm with an excitation wavelength of 360 nm. Interestingly, fluorescence intensities of CDs greatly decreased in the existence of Fe3+. Under optimum conditions, a good linear relationship was observed between (I0-I)/I and the Fe3+ concentration in the range of 0.2-200 mu M with the correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9992 and the limit of detection (LOD) of 62 nM. Finally, after adding Fe3+ at concentrations of 5 mu M, 20 mu M, and 50 mu M to real water samples, the relative standard deviation and spiked recovery rates were 1.2 %-2.7 % and 99.2 %-101.6 %, respectively. Thus, a novel method for rapid detection of Fe3+ were successfully discovered.

关键词： Carbon dots (CDs) Radix Vladimiriae Microwave method Fe3+

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Exploring the Significance of β-glucan in Grains of Hulless Barley

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PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTER 2025年 1-13页

作者： Kumbhar, Rizwan Ali Yang, Kehan Baloch, Shah Nawaz Mari Memon, Sadaf Liu, Yajie Zhao, Hui Feng, Zongyun Sichuan Agr Univ Coll Agron Chengdu 611130 Peoples R China Sindh Agr Univ Dept Plant Breeding & Genet Tandojam 70060 Pakistan Sichuan Agr Univ State Key Lab Crop Gene Explorat & Utilizat Southw Chengdu 611130 Peoples R China

Barley grains are rich in beta-glucan, making them an ideal source of this substance. Therefore, developing high-quality barley varieties with high beta-glucan content is of great significance for enhancing the commercial value of barley. Our review emphasizes the importance of hulless barley's adaptation and its extensive utilization as nutritious and beneficial foods for humans, feed for farm animals, and the brewing industry, where malt plays a main role. The food industry favors the consumption of hulless barley due to its elevated levels of beta-glucan content. Similar to wheat, barley grains are produced on an inflorescence known as a spike, although the phenotypic structures of two-row and six-row barley are different. These grains contain a variety of nutrients in both types of barley. The diverse finished products or transformed products derived from barley, ranging from animal feed to brewing, can be improved by identifying the genes associated with beta-glucan and grain quality. By investigating the specific genes responsible for desirable traits in barley, researchers can develop improved varieties with enhanced characteristics such as higher levels of beta-glucan and supplementary nutritious functional components. Regarding health, beta-glucan and phenolic compounds have shown potential in lowering cholesterol and blood glucose levels, as well as in the prevention of diabetes. Therefore, increased attention should be given to beta-glucan, a crucial water-soluble dietary fiber with various biological activities such as regulating sugar and lipid metabolism, enhancing immune activity, and modulating gut microbiota. Additionally, the review suggests that advanced breeding techniques can further improve the functional properties of hulless barley's components within the framework of a breeding program.

关键词： Hulless barley Barley grains Two-row and six-row barley beta-glucan content Genetic studies

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Dual-Harmonic Linearization Modeling and Analysis of Power Electronic Transformer- Based Train Traction System

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TRANSPORTATION ELECTRIFICATION 2025年第1期11卷 369-381页

作者： Lin, Chunxu Wang, Huimin Ge, Xinglai Ji, Xinyu Wang, Kexin Zuo, Yun Southwest Jiaotong Univ Key Lab Magnet Suspens Technol & Maglev Vehicle Minist Educ Chengdu 610031 Peoples R China State Grid Smart Grid Res Inst Co Ltd Beijing 102209 Peoples R China

An accurate model of the power electronic transformer-based train traction system (PET-TTS) is essential for stability analysis. However, in most of the existing impedance modeling of PET-TTS, the complex frequency coupling effects (FCEs) are barely focused, which reduces the accuracy of modeling, and the stability analysis suffers from degraded correctness. To tackle this, first, this article constructs a frequency-shift path analysis to reveal the generation mechanism of the mirror-frequency coupling and high-frequency coupling in the PET-TTS. Then, the dual-harmonic linearization (DHL) modeling method is proposed to improve the model accuracy and reduce the model complexity. Afterward, a complete single-input single-output (SISO) impedance model of the PET-TTS with FCEs is derived in the stationary frame. With this model, the impedance characteristic and FCE features are analyzed, and the stability of PET-TTS with and without considering the FCEs is analyzed and compared. Eventually, the suggested model and relevant analysis are validated by the simulations and experimental tests.

关键词： Couplings Impedance Analytical models Integrated circuit modeling Phase locked loops Harmonic analysis Transformers Dual-harmonic linearization (DHL) method frequency coupling effects (FCEs) impedance model power electronic transformer-based train traction system (PET-TTS)

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On the design and crashworthiness of a novel auxetic self-locking energy absorption system

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES 2025年 311卷

作者： Zhu, Yilin Fu, Ye Rui, Xue He, Chao Wang, Qingyuan Zhang, Chuanzeng Southwest Petr Univ Sch Civil Engn & Geomat Chengdu 610500 Sichuan Peoples R China Sichuan Univ Key Lab Sichuan Prov Failure Mech & Engn Disaster Prevent Chengdu 610065 Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Sci & technol Inst Launch Dynam Nanjing 210094 Peoples R China Natl Key Lab Complex Multibody Syst Dynam Nanjing 210094 Peoples R China Ningbo Univ Ctr Mech Plus Extreme Environm Ningbo 315211 Peoples R China Univ Siegen Chair Struct Mech Dept Civil Engn Paul-Bonatz-Str 9-11 D-57076 Siegen Germany

Auxetic honeycombs and self-locking energy absorption systems/structures are promising candidates for protective applications. In the present work, a novel auxetic self-locking energy absorption system (ASLEAS) was proposed to utilize the superior properties brought by both the NPR effect and self-locking principle. The proposed ASLEAS consists of thin-walled tubes featuring an I-shaped cross-section which were arranged in a crisscross pattern to analogy to conventional anti-tetra-missing rib auxetic honeycomb. Structural discretization allows the system to be fabricated through cost-effective traditional manufacturing methods, a notable advantage over most auxetic meta-structures that often require expensive additive manufacturing (AM) technology. The proposed system can be conveniently assembled and disassembled to meet the requirement for flexible and responsive impact protection. The protective properties of the proposed system were then comprehensively investigated through numerical analysis under dynamic loading conditions. Results show that the proposed design exhibits evident NPR effects, outstanding self-locking stability and excellent energy absorption capacity as expected. Compared to existing integrated structures, including its integrated variant, it can more effectively reduces stress fluctuations and prevent the transfer of load to the protected object. Moreover, compared to many existing typical nonauxetic self-locking energy absorption systems, it has higher plateau stress and specific energy absorption (SEA). Based on the revealed underlying deformation mechanism, a theoretical model of the collapse stress under quasi-static, low-velocity, and high-velocity impacts were further developed. The present work paves a novel avenue to design protective devices with high performance and low-cost.

关键词： Auxetics Self-locking system Energy absorption Meta-structure Negative Poisson's ratio

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