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Investigation of the morphological evolution mechanism of tin contamination under low-temperature hydrogen plasma

VACUUM 2025年 238卷

作者： Wang, Sishu Ye, Zongbiao Wu, Andong Wei, Jianjun Gou, Fujun Sichuan Univ Inst Nucl Sci & Technol Key Lab Radiat Phys & Technol Minist Educ Chengdu 610064 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Modern Phys Lanzhou 730000 Peoples R China Sichuan Univ Inst Atom & Mol Phys Chengdu 610064 Peoples R China

Tin contamination presents a significant challenge to optical mirror applications in tin-based EUV lithography and Tokamak devices. This study clarifies the controversy regarding the structural evolution mechanism of tin contamination during in-situ, non-destructive cleaning with low-temperature hydrogen plasma. Local melting of tin particles (from spherical to conical structure) is observed. The experiments of atomic hydrogen cleaning, annealing, and re-deposition have excluded other factors that may affect the morphology changes of tin. Ion energy diagnostic results (23-40 eV) indicate that the ion thermal effect on tin (307.2 kJ mol(-1)) exceeds its melting enthalpy (7.08 kJ mol(-1)), theoretically leading to local melting of tin. The formation of SnO2 on RuO2 surface (coated with Sn) and the transformation of amorphous oxide to an ordered crystal structure after plasma cleaning further confirm the ion thermal effect. This study provides new insights into the interaction between low-temperature hydrogen plasma and tin, offering guidance for optimizing cleaning processes and future engineering applications.

关键词： EUV mirrors Hydrogen plasma cleaning Sn particles Ion energy Ion thermal effect

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Dynamic region features learning for facial expression recognition

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SIGNAL IMAGE AND VIDEO PROCESSING 2025年第6期19卷 1-8页

作者： Xie, Yuanlun Wang, Wenhao Zhang, Yibo Shi, Kaibo Zhang, Hengxin Zhou, Nan Chengdu Univ Sch Elect Informat & Elect Engn 2025 Chengluo Ave Chengdu 610106 Sichuan Peoples R China Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Sch Informat & Software Engn 4Sect 2North Jianshe Rd Chengdu 100190 Sichuan Peoples R China

In this paper, we introduce a groundbreaking Dynamic region feature network (DRFN) tailored for end-to-end facial expression recognition (FER). Our approach views facial expressions as intricate combinations of diverse facial muscle movements across various regions. To accurately capture these subtle muscular shifts, DRFN dynamically learns multiple region-specific features from a shared holistic feature map. Furthermore, it integrates an advanced attention mechanism to assess the importance weight of each region, thereby refining the distinctive features while competing for a common resource pool. This innovative design allows DRFN to extract diverse and discriminant information from a broader range of facial regions, particularly when recognizing facial expressions becomes challenging due to minimal facial muscle movements. The visualization results demonstrate our method's effectiveness in capturing nuanced facial cues. Consequently, leveraging the high-quality features extracted by DRFN, our approach achieves remarkable accuracy rates of 91.04% on the FERPlus dataset, 87.86% on the RAF-DB dataset, and 59.93% on the large-scale and highly complex AffectNet dataset. These results underscore the significant potential and practical value of our proposed model for real-world FER applications, setting a new benchmark in the field of artificial intelligence-driven facial expression recognition.

关键词： Deep learning Region feature Attention mechanism In-the-wild Facial expression recognition

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Study of dynamic characteristics and damage mechanism of pile-net composite roadbeds in high-speed railways under seismic action

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SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING 2025年 190卷

作者： Yang, Changwei Luo, Jia Yue, Mao Fan, Jie Liu, Li Wang, Lei Ding, Xuanming Southwest Jiaotong Univ Coll Civil Engn MOE Key Lab High speed Railway Engn Chengdu 610031 Peoples R China Chongqing Univ Coll Civil Engn Chongqing 400045 Peoples R China

Shaking-table model experiments were conducted to study the dynamic response and damage mechanisms of pile-network composite high-speed railway foundations under seismic action. By inputting seismic waves of various types and acceleration amplitudes, the surface damage phenomena, acceleration response, and displacement response of the roadbed during vibration were analyzed. The time frequency information and energy distribution were examined using Hilbert marginal spectrum theory. Additionally, the damage mechanisms of the model were explored through transfer function analysis. The results indicated that the soil surface deformation measured using particle image velocimetry closely matched the observed macroscopic phenomena. The Peak Ground Acceleration amplification coefficients exhibited clear delamination before the structure showed signs of damage, indicating a significant energy-absorbing effect of the bedding. Spectral analysis revealed that as the vibration intensity increased, the nonlinear characteristics and damage effects of the model became more pronounced, and its ability to dissipate energy strengthened. Energy became more concentrated in the left half of the top section of the model. Moreover, as the vibration intensity increased, the self-oscillation frequency of the roadbed decreased, the stiffness diminished, the damping ratio increased, and the seismic energy dissipation improved.

关键词： High-speed rail roadbed Hilbert marginal spectrum theory PIV Self-oscillation frequency Damping ratio

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Kaolin-derived ZSM-5 zeolite encapsulated with ultra-low loading of Pt catalysts for synergetic hydrocarbon adsorption/oxidation application

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MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS 2025年 386卷

作者： Tian, Langchuan Wang, Haotian Yi, Qijie Chen, Meijing Tang, Shengwei Tang, Wenxiang Sichuan Univ Sch Chem Engn Chengdu 610065 Peoples R China

The regulations for emissions from internal combustion engine vehicles were becoming increasingly stringent, necessitating the development of cost-effective, high-performance purification materials. In this study, a HCs trap of kaolin-based ZSM-5 zeolite encapsulated ultra-low loading of Pt, with dual functions of adsorption and oxidation, was synthesized by a ligand-assisted hydrothermal method (Pt0.1@ZSM-5). The results of the corresponding adsorption-oxidation test demonstrated that the degradation efficiency of Pt0.1@ZSM-5 on propene reached 89.6 %, which could effectively reduce propene emission during cold-start period. More importantly, the degradation efficiency of Pt0.1@ZSM-5 on propene reached 67.9 % at the low temperature stage of 60 degrees C-160 degrees C. The primary reason for this was that the Pt0.1@ZSM-5 sample demonstrated exceptional catalytic activity with regard to propene oxidation, exhibiting a T90 of 192 degrees C. The confinement effect of zeolite resulted in the Pt0.1@ZSM-5 exhibiting a smaller nanoparticle size, an abundance of acidic sites, and a higher ratio of adsorbed oxygen. These properties contributed to the effective deep oxidation of propene. Furthermore, the degradation efficiency of propene was sustained at a high level (around 95 %) throughout the course of five adsorptionoxidation cycle tests. This study presented a novel approach for the functionalization and utilization of kaolin and provides guidance for its application in exhaust emissions during the cold-start period.

关键词： Kaolin ZSM-5 Encapsulation Cold-start Low-temperature oxidation

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Effect of residual carbon on the microstructure and mechanical properties of spark plasma sintered Ti-Nb-Zr-Mn alloys

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MATERIALS science AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING 2025年 920卷

作者： Chen, Bo Zhang, Jing An, Xuguang Li, Haishan Cai, Zheng Yao, Weitang Wang, Qingyuan Kong, Qingquan Chengdu Univ Sch Mech Engn Chengdu 610106 Sichuan Peoples R China Chengdu Univ Inst Adv Study Interdisciplinary Mat Res Ctr Chengdu 610106 Sichuan Peoples R China

Herein, Ti-Nb-Zr-Mn alloys were prepared by ball milling and spark plasma sintering. The effect of residual carbon on the microstructure, phase composition, and mechanical properties of the as-prepared Ti-Nb-Zr-Mn alloys was systematically studied. The incorporation of stearic acid led to the presence of residual carbon, thereby resulting in the emergence of the FCC phase, encompassing both FCC Ti and carbon-deficient Ti2C. Subsequently, the ultimate tensile strength of the Ti-Nb-Zr-Mn alloys increased from 889 +/- 13 MPa to 1166 +/- 13 MPa, while the plasticity significantly decreased from 23.6 % to 3.8 %. Meanwhile, the elastic modulus and hardness exhibited an increase in correlation with higher stearic acid content. The Ti2C phase demonstrates significantly higher hardness and modulus compared to FCC Ti;however, it is brittle and carries the risk of reducing ductility and leading to brittle fracture. To achieve a synergistic match of low elastic modulus, high strength, and preferable ductility for metastable (3 Ti, careful regulation of the carbon content in the Ti alloys is essential.

关键词： Titanium alloys Microstructure FCC phase Mechanical performance Carbon

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Risk factors for postoperative surgical complications after inguinal lymph node dissection in penile cancer patients

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SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 2025年第1期15卷 1-10页

作者： Gao, Yilong Shao, Yanxiang Hu, Xu Meng, Linghao Li, Xiang Sichuan Univ West China Hosp Dept Urol 37 Guoxue Lane Chengdu 610041 Peoples R China

Wound related and lymphatic reflow-related complications are commonly seen in penile cancer patients after inguinal lymph node dissection (ILND). However, the risk factors for them remain unclear. The objective of this study is to identify surgical-related risk factors for complications after ILND in penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) patients. In this study, 192 PSCC patients aged 23-88 were enrolled between October 2008 and October 2023. Univariate analysis and logistic regression were performed to identify risk factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyze the relationship between certain risk factors and postoperative complications and find cut-off points for certain risk factors. Postoperative complications were observed in 87.5% of patients, with lymphatic fistula being the most common (50.0%) and wound dehiscence the least common (1.1%). Different factors were associated with each complication. Additionally, we found that the retention time of the drainage tube correlates with both lymphocele and wound infection, emphasizing the importance of optimizing drainage tube management to reduce lymphatic and wound-related complications. In conclusion, this study identified specific risk factors for complications after ILND in PSCC patients, particularly the shorter and longer retention times of the drainage tube for lymphocele and wound infection as determined by our multivariate analysis, and proposed new strategies to not only reduce the occurrence of these complications but also accelerate the postoperative healing process.

关键词： Penile cancer Inguinal lymph nodes dissection Risk factors Postoperative complications

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The absence of IRG1 exacerbates bone loss in a mouse model of ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis by increasing osteoclastogenesis through the potentiation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation

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INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 2025年 148卷 114099页

作者： Wang, Fang Liu, Yanqiao Zhao, Yanqin Zheng, Hongyin Zhang, Lei Southwest Med Univ Sichuan Prov Peoples Hosp Dept Endocrinol Luzhou 646099 Sichuan Peoples R China Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Sichuan Prov Peoples Hosp Sch Med Dept Endocrinol 32 First Ring Rd West 2 Chengdu 610072 Sichuan Peoples R China Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Sichuan Prov Peoples Hosp Sch Med Dept Nucl Med Chengdu 610072 Sichuan Peoples R China

The immune-responsive gene 1 (IRG1) protein plays a role in various pathological processes by connecting cellular metabolism to a range of cellular activities through the production of itaconate. Recent studies have highlighted the significance of IRG1 and itaconate in bone metabolism and homeostasis. However, the precise role of IRG1 in osteoporosis remains inadequately documented. This study aimed to determine the role of IRG1 in osteoporosis through the utilization of IRG1 knockout (KO) mice and a model of ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis. The expression of IRG1 was found to be higher in the bone tissues of postmenopausal osteoporotic mice induced by OVX in comparison to sham control mice. When compared to wild type (WT) mice, OVXinduced bone loss was significantly worse in IRG1 KO mice, and this was accompanied by an increase in osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. However, the loss of bone and the process of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption were effectively reversed when the IRG1 KO mice were replenished with itaconate. The osteoclastogenesis induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-& Vcy;ligand (RANKL) in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) was found to be enhanced by IRG1 deficiency, which could be reversed through the replenishment of itaconate. Further investigation revealed that IRG1 deficiency potentiated the activation of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. The inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome using a targeted inhibitor significantly ameliorated RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in IRG1 KO BMMs. Overall, this study highlights the significance of IRG1 in regulating osteoclastogenesis and proposes it as a potential target for osteoporosis treatment.

关键词： Osteoclast Osteoporosis Immune-responsive gene 1 Itaconate Inflammasome

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Ni/Zn-Anchored/N-Doped Porous Carbon Microtubes Derived from Palm Threads for High-Performance Li-S Batteries

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ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2025年

作者： He, Jingjing Chen, Xi Wu, Yang Sun, Jiahao Wang, Ruitao Wen, Xiaogang Sichuan Univ Sch Mat Sci & Engn Chengdu 610065 Peoples R China

Nitrogen-doped porous carbon microtubes embedded with Ni/Zn catalytic sites (NiZn-NPCT) are constructed from palm threads and can be used as both a S cathodic host and a separator modifier for advanced lithium-sulfur batteries. NiZn-NPCT possesses unique interconnected porous tunnels and abundantly exposed active sites, which increase the affinity for lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and thus inhibit the shuttle effect. The kinetic studies indicate that NiZn-NPCT can accelerate the redox transformation of sulfur species. The battery assembled with the NiZn-NPCT-modified separator achieves high initial discharge capacities of 1220 and 409.1 mAh g-1 at 0.1C and 5C, respectively, with good cycling stability (418.1 mAh g-1 after 500 cycles at 1C). In addition, with a higher sulfur/NiZn-NPCT mass ratio (9:1), the battery still exhibited high initial discharge capacities of 1234.4 (0.1C) and 551.3 mAh g-1 (5C). This study offers an effective strategy to utilize renewable biomass with a unique microstructure and realize high-performance Li-S batteries.

关键词： biomass porous carbon microtube separatormodification transition metal lithium-sulfurbatteries

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Hierarchical frequency hopping for heterogeneous multi-tier networks: Sequence design and performance analysis

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CRYPTOGRAPHY AND COMMUNICATIONS-DISCRETE-STRUCTURES BOOLEAN FUNCTIONS AND SEQUENCES 2025年 1-17页

作者： Zeng, Qi Zhao, Peiyi Zhang, Lei Liu, Xing Wang, Changyuan Sichuan Univ Coll Elect Engn Chengdu 610065 Peoples R China Sichuan Univ Sichuan Univ Pittsburgh Inst Chengdu 610207 Peoples R China Chengdu Univ Sch Elect Informat & Elect Engn Chengdu 610106 Sichuan Peoples R China Yibin Univ Fac Artificial Intelligence & Big Data Yibin 644000 Peoples R China

Future wireless communication networks are characterized by the heterogeneous multi-tier infrastructure, which can support the various levels of quality-of-services (QoSs) for different tiers/users. In this paper, we propose a novel type of hierarchical frequency-hopping (FH) technique to achieve the multi-level QoSs target by flexibly controlling its Hamming auto-and cross-correlations values. A construction algorithm of hierarchical FH sequence (FHS) set is designed via the series of mathematical transformations based on a given optimal pseudo-random FHS set, then its hierarchical Hamming correlation properties are exactly depicted in Theorem 1. As a study case, the developed FHS set is employed in asynchronous and heterogeneous multi-tier uplinks based on hopped-subcarrier OFDM (FH/OFDM) signals. The simulated results reveal that the proposed hierarchical FHS can provide multi-level bit-error-rates (BERs) for various tiers networks;meanwhile, it attains the superior transmission quality by significantly suppressing the inter- and intra-tier interference.

关键词： Multi-tier networks Hierarchical frequency-hopping Sequence design Multi-level BERs

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Prominence of Microbiota to Predict Fibrous Stenosis in Crohn's Disease

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JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION RESEARCH 2025年 18卷 1413-1423页

作者： Yang, Xue Pan, Yan Gao, Cai-Ping Li, Hang Zhang, Ying-Hui Huang, Chun-Li Cao, Lu Xiao, Shi-Yu Zhou, Zhou Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Sichuan Prov Peoples Hosp Sch Med Dept Gastroenterol Chengdu Peoples R China

Purpose: Intestinal fibrous stenosis due to Crohn's disease (CD) is highly prevalent. Although several clinical risk factors for fibrous stenosis have been identified, such as perianal fistulizing disease, small bowel disease location, and deep mucosal ulceration, predicting fibrous stenosis remains challenging. The intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in the development and progression of CD. However, its role in intestinal fibrous stenosis is poorly understood. Leveraging a single-center cross-sectional study, we aimed to investigate the role of fecal microbiota in CD-associated fibrous stenosis. Methods: Using metagenomic analysis, we examined the differences in fecal microbiota between CD patients with intestinal fibrous stenosis and those without stenosis. We identified specific microbiota and assessed their predictive accuracy for intestinal fibrous stenosis. Additionally, we explored functional differences in intestinal microbiota between the two groups. Results: : Our investigation of fecal samples revealed no significant differences in the gut microbiota structure between patients with fibrous stenosis and those without stenosis in CD. However, taxonomically, we found 70 taxa with significantly different abundance (p < 0.05) between the two groups. Furthermore, LEfSe analysis indicated that g_Bacteroides and g_Enterocloster could predict intestinal fibrous stenosis while p_Actinobacteria, c_Actinomycetia, c_Bacilli, o_Lactobacillales, f_Streptococcaceae and g_Streptococcus could predict CD without stenosis. Functional analysis revealed differential enrichment in five metabolic pathways at the KEGG pathway level in CD patients with fibrous stenosis, including sphingolipid metabolism, lipoic acid metabolism, and biosynthesis of neomycin, kanamycin and gentamicin. In the eggNOG database, we observed differences in four functional categories between the two groups, encompassing cellular process, signaling, and metabolism. Conclusion: Fecal microbiota sign

关键词： Crohn's disease fibrous stenosis fecal microbiota metagenomic analysis

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