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Half baud-rate, low BER PAM-4 CDR based on SS-MMSE algorithm

ELECTRONICS LETTERS 2016年第25期52卷 2036-2037页

作者： Liu, Peng Guo, Jun Jiang, Yingtao Zhejiang Univ Coll Informat Sci & Elect Engn Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China Univ Nevada Dept Elect & Comp Engn Las Vegas NV 89154 USA

A hardware-efficient four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit for high speed serial links is proposed, following a sign-sign minimum mean square error (SS-MMSE) algorithm. Using a specially designed continuous-sampling slope detector and a dual-stage digital filter, the proposed SS-MMSE CDR can align the clock phase well with the maximum vertical eye opening, as opposed to the conventional Bang-Bang CDR which only finds the midpoint of a symbol, yet requiring extra clock phases or running at higher frequency. Simulation results confirm superior performance and implementation efficiency of this proposed SS-MMSE PAM-4 CDR over the Bang-Bang design.

关键词： pulse amplitude modulation clock and data recovery circuits digital filters error statistics least mean squares methods

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Co-current toroidal rotation-driven and turbulent stresses with resonant magnetic perturbations in the edge plasmas of the J-TEXT tokamak

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NUCLEAR FUSION 2016年第7期56卷 076005-076005页

作者： Zhao, K. J. Shi, Yuejiang Liu, H. Diamond, P. H. Li, F. M. Cheng, J. Chen, Z. P. Nie, L. Ding, Y. H. Wu, Y. F. Chen, Z. Y. Rao, B. Cheng, Z. F. Gao, L. Zhang, X. Q. Yang, Z. J. Wang, N. C. Wang, L. Jin, W. Xu, J. Q. Yan, L. W. Dong, J. Q. Zhuang, G. Southwestern Inst Phys POB 432 Chengdu Peoples R China Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Coll Elect & Elect Engn Wuhan 430074 Hubei Peoples R China Univ Calif San Diego Ctr Momentum Transport & Flow Org San Diego CA 92093 USA

The acceleration of the co-current toroidal rotations around resonant surfaces by resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) through turbulence is presented. These experiments were performed using a Langmuir probe array in the edge plasmas of the J-TEXT tokamak. This study aims at understanding the RMP effects on edge toroidal rotations and exploring its control method. With RMPs, the flat electron temperature T-e profile, due to magnetic islands, appears around resonant surfaces (Zhao et al 2015 Nucl. Fusion 55 073022). When the resonant surface is closer to the last closed flux surface, the flat T-e profile vanishes with RMPs. In both cases, the toroidal rotations significantly increase in the direction of the plasma current around the resonant surfaces with RMPs. The characteristics of turbulence are significantly affected by RMPs around the resonant surfaces. The turbulence intensity profile changes and the poloidal wave vector k(theta) increases with RMPs. The power fraction of the turbulence components in the ion diamagnetic drift direction increases with RMPs. The measurements of turbulent Reynolds stresses are consistent with the toroidal flows that can be driven by turbulence. The estimations of the energy transfer between the turbulence and toroidal flows suggest that turbulence energy transfers into toroidal flows. The result has the implication of the intrinsic rotation being driven by RMPs via turbulence.

关键词： resonant magnetic perturbation toroidal rotation turbulence Mach probe

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The persistent shadow of the supermassive black hole of M87: II. Model comparisons and theoretical interpretations

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ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS 2025年 693卷

作者： Akiyama, Kazunori Albentosa-Ruiz, Ezequiel Alberdi, Antxon Alef, Walter Algaba, Juan Carlos Anantua, Richard Asada, Keiichi Azulay, Rebecca Bach, Uwe Baczko, Anne-Kathrin Ball, David Balokovic, Mislav Bandyopadhyay, Bidisha Barrett, John Baubock, Michi Benson, Bradford A. Bintley, Dan Blackburn, Lindy Blundell, Raymond Bouman, Katherine L. Bower, Geofrrey C. Bremer, Michael Brissenden, Roger Britzen, Silke Broderick, Avery E. Broguiere, Dominique Bronzwaer, Thomas Bustamante, Sandra Carlstrom, John E. Chael, Andrew Chan, Chi-kwan Chang, Dominic O. Chatterjee, Koushik Chatterjee, Shami Chen, Ming-Tang Chen, Yongjun Cheng, Xiaopeng Cho, Ilje Christian, Pierre Conroy, Nicholas S. Conway, John E. Crawford, Thomas M. Crew, Geoffrey B. Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro Cui, Yuzhu Curd, Brandon Dahale, Rohan Davelaar, Jordy De Laurentis, Mariafelicia Deane, Roger Dempsey, Jessica Desvignes, Gregory Dexter, Jason Dhruv, Vedant Dihingia, Indu K. Doeleman, Sheperd S. Dzib, Sergio A. Eatough, Ralph P. Emami, Razieh Falcke, Heino Farah, Joseph Fish, Vincent L. Fomalont, Edward Ford, H. Alyson Foschi, Marianna Fraga-Encinas, Raquel Freeman, William T. Friberg, Per Fromm, Christian M. Fuentes, Antonio Galison, Peter Gammie, Charles F. Garcia, Roberto Gentaz, Olivier Georgiev, Boris Goddi, Ciriaco Gold, Roman Gomez-Ruiz, Arturo I. Gomez, Jose L. Gu, Minfeng Gurwell, Mark Hada, Kazuhiro Haggard, Daryl Hesper, Ronald Heumann, Dirk Ho, Luis C. Ho, Paul Honma, Mareki Huang, Chih-Wei L. Huang, Lei Hughes, David H. Ikeda, Shiro Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette Inoue, Makoto Issaoun, Sara James, David J. Jannuzi, Buell T. Janssen, Michael Jeter, Britton Jiang, Wu Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra Johnson, Michael D. Jorstad, Svetlana Jones, Adam C. Joshi, Abhishek V. Jung, Taehyun Karuppusamy, Ramesh Kawashima, Tomohisa Keating, Garrett K. Kettenis, Mark Kim, Dong-Jin Kim, Jae-Young Kim, Jongsoo Kim, Junhan Kino, Motoki Koay, Jun Yi Kocherlakota, Prashant Kofuji, Yutaro Koch, Patrick M. Koyama, Shoko Kramer, Carsten Kramer, Joana A. Kramer, Michael Krichba MIT Haystack Observ 99 Millstone Rd Westford MA 01886 USA Natl Astron Observ Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo 1818588 Japan Harvard Univ Black Hole Initiat 20 Garden St Cambridge MA 02138 USA Univ Valencia Dept Astron & Astrofis C Dr Moliner 50 E-46100 Valencia Spain CSIC Inst Astrofis Andalucia Glorieta Astron S-N E-18008 Granada Spain Max Planck Inst Radioastron Hugel 69 D-53121 Bonn Germany Univ Malaya Dept Phys Fac Sci Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia Univ Texas San Antonio Dept Phys & Astron 1 UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA Rice Univ Dept Phys & Astron Houston TX 77005 USA Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden St Cambridge MA 02138 USA Acad Sinica Inst Astron & Astrophys 11F Astron Math BldgAS NTU 1Sec 4Roosevelt Rd Taipei 106216 Taiwan Univ Valencia Astron Observ C Catedrat Jose Beltran 2 E-46980 Valencia Spain Chalmers Univ Technol Dept Space Earth & Environm Onsala Space Observ SE-43992 Onsala Sweden Univ Arizona Steward Observ 933 N Cherry Ave Tucson AZ 85721 USA Univ Arizona Dept Astron 933 N Cherry Ave Tucson AZ 85721 USA Yale Univ Yale Ctr Astron & Astrophys 52 Hillhouse Ave New Haven CT 06511 USA Univ Concepcion Dept Astron Casilla 160-C Concepcion Chile Univ Illinois Dept Phys 1110 West Green St Urbana IL 61801 USA Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab MS209POB 500 Batavia IL 60510 USA Univ Chicago Dept Astron & Astrophys 5640 South Ellis Ave Chicago IL 60637 USA East Asian Observ 660 N Aohoku Pl Hilo HI 96720 USA James Clerk Maxwell Telescope 660 N Aohoku Pl Hilo HI 96720 USA CALTECH 1200 East Calif Blvd Pasadena CA 91125 USA Acad Sinica Inst Astron & Astrophys 645 N Aohoku Pl Hilo HI 96720 USA Univ Hawaii Manoa Dept Phys & Astron 2505 Correa Rd Honolulu HI 96822 USA Inst Radioastron Millimetr IRAM 300 Rue Piscine F-38406 St Martin Dheres France Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys 31 Caroline St North Waterloo ON N2L 2Y5 Canada Univ Waterloo Dept Phys & Astron 200 Univ Ave West Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 C

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observation of M87* in 2018 has revealed a ring with a diameter that is consistent with the 2017 observation. The brightest part of the ring is shifted to the southwest from the southeast. In this paper, we provide theoretical interpretations for the multi-epoch EHT observations for M87* by comparing a new general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics model image library with the EHT observations for M87* in both 2017 and 2018. The model images include aligned and tilted accretion with parameterized thermal and nonthermal synchrotron emission properties. The 2018 observation again shows that the spin vector of the M87* supermassive black hole is pointed away from Earth. A shift of the brightest part of the ring during the multi-epoch observations can naturally be explained by the turbulent nature of black hole accretion, which is supported by the fact that the more turbulent retrograde models can explain the multi-epoch observations better than the prograde models. The EHT data are inconsistent with the tilted models in our model image library. Assuming that the black hole spin axis and its large-scale jet direction are roughly aligned, we expect the brightest part of the ring to be most commonly observed 90 deg clockwise from the forward jet. This prediction can be statistically tested through future observations.

关键词： accretion, accretion disks black hole physics gravitation galaxies: active galaxies: individual: M87 galaxies: jets

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Influence of borax and citric acid on the hydration of calcium sulfoaluminate cement

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CHEMICAL PAPERS 2017年第10期71卷 1909-1919页

作者： Hu, Yueyang Li, Weifeng Ma, Suhua Shen, Xiaodong Nanjing Tech Univ Coll Mat Sci & Engn 5 Xinmofan Rd Nanjing Jiangsu Peoples R China State Key Lab Mat Oriented Chem Engn Nanjing Jiangsu Peoples R China

The hydration of calcium sulfoaluminate cement in the presence of borax and citric acid has been studied using isothermal calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transfer infrared spectrometry and mercury intrusion porosimetry. The results suggest that the formation of complex between calcium and citrate in the solution adsorbed on the solid surface delayed the C(4)A(3) and anhydrite dissolution and AFt nucleation. At the same time, the presence of borate replaced sulfate anion in ettringite (AFt) to form B-AFt. These reactions have an effect on the setting times and the mechanical strength values. The setting times of the calcium sulfoaluminate cement increased when the mineral admixtures increased in the cement. The effect of borax and citric acid on the strength development at different hydration stages presented different results, namely a decreased strength in an early stage and an increased strength at 3 and 28 days.

关键词： Calcium sulfoaluminate cement Retarders Setting time Strength

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Bioprocessing of tea oil fruit hull with acetic acid organosolv pretreatment in combination with alkaline H₂O₂

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BIOtechnology FOR BIOFUELS 2017年第1期10卷 86-86页

作者： Tang, Song Liu, Rukuan Sun, Fubao Fuelbiol Dong, Chunying Wang, Rui Gao, Zhongyuan Zhang, Zhanying Xiao, Zhihong Li, Changzhu Li, Hui Jiangnan Univ Sch Biotechnol Minist Educ Key Lab Carbohydrate Chem & Biotechnol Wuxi 214122 Peoples R China South China Univ Technol State Key Lab Pulp & Paper Engn Guangzhou 510640 Guangdong Peoples R China Hunan Acad Forestry Natl Engn Res Ctr Oil Tea Camellia Changsha 410004 Hunan Peoples R China Zhejiang Sci Tech Univ Minist Educ Key Lab Adv Text Mat & Mfg Technol Hangzhou 310018 Peoples R China Queensland Univ Technol Ctr Trop Crops & Biocommod Brisbane Qld 4001 Australia

Background: As a natural renewable biomass, the tea oil fruit hull (TOFH) mainly consists of lignocellulose, together with some bioactive substances. Our earlier work constructed a two-stage solvent-based process, including one aqueous ethanol organosolv extraction and an atmospheric glycerol organosolv (AGO) pretreatment, for bioprocessing of the TOFH into diverse bioproducts. However, the AGO pretreatment is not as selective as expected in removing the lignin from TOFH, resulting in the limited delignification and simultaneously high cellulose loss. Results: In this study, acetic acid organosolv (AAO) pretreatment was optimized with experimental design to fractionate the TOFH selectively. Alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) pretreatment was used for further delignification. Results indicate that the AAO-AHP pretreatment had an extremely good selectivity at component fractionation, resulting in 92% delignification and 88% hemicellulose removal, with 87% cellulose retention. The pretreated substrate presented a remarkable enzymatic hydrolysis of 85% for 48 h at a low cellulase loading of 3 FPU/g dry mass. The hydrolyzability was correlated with the composition and structure of substrates by using scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Conclusion: The mild AAO-AHP pretreatment is an environmentally benign and advantageous scheme for biorefinery of the agroforestry biomass into value-added bioproducts.

关键词： Tea oil fruit hull Acetic acid Alkaline H2O2 Mild pretreatment Delignification Enzymatic hydrolysis

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Current rectification induced by V-doped and Sc-doped in Ti2CO2 devices

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COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE 2017年 138卷 175-182页

作者： Zhou, Yuhong Zhai, Guangmei Yan, Tao Huang, Qing Guo, Zhansheng Lin, Cheng-Te Du, Shiyu Chinese Acad Sci Ningbo Inst Ind Technol Inst Mat Technol Special Fibers & Nucl Mat Engn Lab Ningbo 315201 Zhejiang Peoples R China Taiyuan Univ Technol Minist Educ Key Lab Interface Sci & Engn Adv Mat Taiyuan 030024 Shanxi Peoples R China Ningbo Univ Fac Sci Dept Phys Ningbo 315211 Zhejiang Peoples R China Shanghai Inst Appl Math & Mech Shanghai 200072 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Ningbo Inst Mat Technol & Engn Zhejiang Key Lab Marine Mat & Protect Technol Key Lab Marine Mat & Related Technol Ningbo 315201 Zhejiang Peoples R China

In this work, we have investigated the electron transport properties of MXene devices employing nonequilibrium Green's functions in combination with the density functional theory. Here, the twodimensional (2D) and one-dimensional (1D) devices are built on Ti2CO2 materials, in which one lead is alloyed by V, and the other is by Sc. Ab initio calculations show that there exist rectifying behaviors for both 1D and 2D systems, and the Ti2CO2 nanoribbon devices show stronger rectification ratio than the 2D counterpart. The current results indicate that V-doped and Sc-doped electrodes may be a practical way to achieve the current rectification of MXene devices. Finally, the I-V curves for 2D Ti2CO2 under different gate voltage are studied as well. According to data, the currents in a doped Ti2CO2-based device are found to be controllable under the dual-gate induced electric field. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： First-principles MXene Current rectification Electronic transport properties

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A novel post-arc current measuring equipment based on vacuum commutation and arc blow 27

A novel post-arc current measuring equipment based on vacuum...

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27th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)

作者： Ge, Guowei Liao, Minfu Duan, Xiongying Huang, Jinqiang Zou, Jiyan Dalian Univ Technol Sch Elect Engn Dalian 116024 Liaoning Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781467397803

The paper proposes a novel post-arc current measuring equipment (PACME), which is based on the vacuum arc commutation and the arc blow. The PACME is composed of vacuum circuit breaker (VCB), shunt resistor, protective gap, high-precision current sensor and applied transverse magnetic field (TMF). The construct and parameters of the PACME is designed. The vacuum arc commutation between the vacuum arc and the shunt resistor is investigated and the influence of the TMF arc blow on the vacuum arc commutation is discussed. The test platform is established in the synthetic short-circuit test. The high-speed CMOS camera is used to observe the development of the vacuum arc in the current commutating process. The protective characteristic of the PACME is test and the post arc current of the AMF contact VCBs is measured. The measuring result of post-arc current is accurate and small interference and the post arc charge is obtained. The experimental results verifies that the PACME is correct and accurate, which can be used to measure the post arc characteristic in interrupting test.

关键词： Vacuum technology

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Research on Influence of the Magnetic Arc Blow in Multi-break Vacuum Circuit Breakers 27

Research on Influence of the Magnetic Arc Blow in Multi-brea...

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27th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)

作者： Ge, Guowei Liao, Minfu Duan, Xiongying Huang, Jinqiang Pu, Lu Zou, Jiyan Dalian Univ Technol Sch Elect Engn Dalian 116024 Liaoning Peoples R China State Grid Shaanxi Elect Power Res Inst Xian 710054 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781467397803

The paper aims to investigate the influence of the interactive magnetic field in multi-break vacuum circuit breakers (VCBs) on the arc plasma and the post-arc characteristic. The magnetic field of multi-break VCBs is asymmetric and off-center because of the interactive magnetic field, which can be called bias magnetic field (BMF). The BMF distribution of double-break VCBs is gained by electromagnetic analysis. The test circuit of the magnetic arc blow in multi-break VCBs is established by simplifying as the interaction between the vacuum arc and the BMF. The influence of the magnetic arc blow on the arc plasma is studied by the high-speed CMOS while the relationship between the post-arc dynamic dielectric recovery and the magnetic arc blow is obtained by the measurement of the post-arc current. The results indicate that the influence of the magnetic arc blow on the vacuum arc and post-arc dynamic dielectric recovery with TMF contacts is larger than that of AMF contacts. The vacuum arc with TMF contacts bends to the opposite direction of Ampere force when the BMF is below 100mT and the post-arc charge obviously varies from 9 mu C to 50 mu C. Therefore, the paper can provide the base of construct and configuration to avoid the influence of the magnetic arc blow.

关键词： Electric circuit breakers

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Comparison of 2D and 3D morphology of non-metallic inclusions in steel using different methods

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METALLURGICAL RESEARCH & technology 2017年第1期114卷

作者： Zhang, Xuewei Zhang, Lifeng Yang, Wen Zhang, Ying Ren, Ying Dong, Yuanchi Univ Sci & Technol Beijing Sch Met & Ecol Engn Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Anhui Univ Technol Sch Met & Mat Maanshan 243002 Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol Beijing Beijing Key Lab Green Recycling & Extract Met GRE 30 Xueyuan Rd Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

In the current work, the two-dimensional (2D) morphology of MnS inclusions with different shapes, including spherical, rod-like, flower-like, polyhedron and aggregated cluster, as well as spherical oxides were observed. The three-dimensional (3D) morphology of inclusions extracted from steel using acid dissolution, but the MnS was reacted away with acid during the extraction of the inclusion from the steel matrix. It is shown that the 2D method is hardly accurate to detect the morphology and size of inclusions comparison 3D morphology of inclusions. Therefore, a method of separation, extraction and analysis of non-metallic inclusions in steel was presented. Electrolytic extraction using non-aqueous electrolytes were performed to dissolve the conductive steel matrix and remain nondestructive inclusions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with an energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) was used to obtain the integrated 3D morphology, size and chemical composition of inclusions. The morphology of MnS inclusions was reclassified on the basis of the integrated 3D morphology under the following categories: elliptical, spherical, rod-like, plate-like, irregular or polyhedron, dendrite and patch MnS precipitated on the surface of oxides. Non-aqueous electrolysis extraction with the advantage of nondestructive to inclusions, low cost, and high efficiency, and the subsequent analysis of morphology, size and chemical composition is more reliable and accurate than the traditional method. What is more, it allows a better understanding of the origin and formation of inclusions, which is helpful for the control and removed of inclusions in steels.

关键词： MnS inclusions 3D morphology electrolysis non-aqueous electrolyte

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The Current commutation Characteristics of DC Micro-Grid Hybrid Circuit Breakers 27

The Current commutation Characteristics of DC Micro-Grid Hyb...

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27th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)

作者： Huang, Jinqiang Ge, Guowei Liao, Minfu Duan, Xiongying Pu, Lu Zou, Jiyan Dalian Univ Technol Sch Elect Engn Dalian 116024 Liaoning Peoples R China State Grid Shaanxi Elect Power Res Inst Xian 710054 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781467397803

The paper focuses on the current commutation between the vacuum arc and the IGBTs of DC micro-grid hybrid circuit breakers (HCB). The principle of the DC HCB is analyzed and the current commutation is the important process in DC HCB interruption, on which the arcing time and the interrupting time are depended. The test circuit of the current commutation is established by simplifying the parallel-connected IGBTs to an on-state resistance with large thermal capacity. The influence of the magnitude of the main current, the resistance of the IGBTs and the externally applied transverse magnetic field (TMF) on the current commutation is investigated by the electrical measure and the development of vacuum arc which is observed by a high speed CMOS camera. The mathematic description of the current commutation is obtained. The interaction between the vacuum arc commutation and the externally applied TMF is discussed. The paper provides the bases on the optimal design and control strategy of DC HCB.

关键词： Insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT)

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