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Synthesis of mesocarbon microbeads from high-temperature coal tar pitch: Effects of quinoline insoluble

ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL engineering 2024年第3期19卷 e3036-e3036页

作者： Gu, Zishuo Wang, Fei Wang, Yunyang Fang, Yilin Zhu, Yaming Lv, Jun Cheng, Junxia Wang, Ying Zhao, Xuefei Univ Sci & Technol Liaoning Inst Chem Engn Anshan 114051 Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol Liaoning Sch Chem Engn Key Lab Adv Coal & Coking Technol Liaoning Prov Anshan Peoples R China Qiqihar Univ Sch Chem Engn Qiqihar Peoples R China Anshan Xingde Mat Technol Co Ltd Anshan Peoples R China

Mesocarbon microbeads (MCMBs) were a kind of functional artificial carbon materials, which was widely used in varied areas with its excellent properties. MCMB was generally produced by thermal-polymerization of high-temperature coal tar pitch under oxygen-free atmosphere. Generally, the content of primary quinoline insoluble (PQI) play a key role on the quality of the derived MCMB. In order to confirm the relationship between the content of PQI and the properties of MCMB, 15 kinds of high-temperature coal tar pitch with varied content of PQI were used as the raw materials to produce MCMB. The particle size distribution, optical micro-structure, surface morphology, and carbon micro-crystalline of calcinated MCMB were determined in this work. The results shown that the content of PQI from 7% to 13% was a suitable content to generate high quality MCMB. What is more, the derived MCMB has a high yield of 33.09% with good sphericity, the uniformity index of particle size was 1.02, and the graphite carbon content of calcinated MCMB (calcinated temperature of 1100 degrees C) was 79.92%. Thus, the high-temperature coal tar pitch with the PQI content of 7%-13% was the preferably raw materials to produce high-quality MCMB by thermal-polymerization method.

关键词： high-temperature coal tar pitch micro-structure primary quinoline insoluble (PQI) thermal-polymerization uniformity index of particle size

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A discrete-time looped functional approach and its application to discrete-time systems with cyclically varying delays

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年

作者： Wen-Hu CHEN Chuan-Ke ZHANG Chen-Rui WANG Ke-You XIE Yong HE Hong-Bing ZENG School of Automation China University of Geosciences Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Technology for Geo-Exploration School of Electrical and Information Engineering Hunan University of Technology

This paper investigates the stability analysis problem of discrete-time systems with cyclically varying *** previous studies, the delay investigated in this paper cyclically alternates between increasing and decreasing changes within its upper and lower bounds. First, to reasonably describe the cyclic variation characteristics of the delay, a discretetime looped functional(DTLF) approach and a refined allowable delay set(ADS) are proposed. Then, based on the constructed DTLF with delay-product terms and using matrix-separation-based inequality to estimate its forward difference,delay-variation-interval-dependent stability conditions considering two different ADSs are derived. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the obtained conditions are demonstrated through two numerical examples.

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Revealing the structure and electronic characteristics of Te-rich threshold switching materials for high-density integration

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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C 2024年第42期12卷 17179-17186页

作者： Qiao, Chong Gu, Rongchuan Hu, Shuangnian Wang, Guoxin Wang, Shengzhao Gong, Pei Wang, Songyou Wang, Cai-Zhuang Xu, Ming Miao, Xiangshui Nanyang Inst Technol Sch Math & Phys Nanyang 473004 Peoples R China Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Integrated Circuits Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Fudan Univ Shanghai Ultraprecis Opt Mfg Engn Ctr Shanghai 200433 Peoples R China Fudan Univ Dept Opt Sci & Engn Shanghai 200433 Peoples R China Iowa State Univ US DOE Ames Lab Ames IA 50011 USA Iowa State Univ Dept Phys & Astron Ames IA 50011 USA

Ovonic threshold switching (OTS) selectors play an important role in the integration of advanced three-dimensional memory. Selectors based on tellurium (Te)-containing materials exhibit significant promise due to their low threshold voltages and superior consistency. Here we have theoretically studied the structure and electronic properties of a typical OTS material, amorphous GeTe6, to explore the switching mechanisms using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. The results indicate that Ge atoms tend to bond with Te atoms, forming stable chemical bonds. The Te-centered clusters are predominantly in the form of distorted octahedrons, while the Ge-centered clusters are in the form of both octahedrons and tetrahedrons. Notably, the proportion of tetrahedrons within the 4-coordinated Ge-centered clusters reaches an impressive 66.9%. These tetrahedrons are randomly dispersed throughout the simulated cell, leading to a stable amorphous configuration. The mid-gap state observed in the mobility bandgap originates from the atomic chain composed of both over-coordinated Ge and Te atoms. It is the inherent stability of the chemical environment within amorphous GeTe6 that enables it to maintain its amorphous phase under a repeated threshold voltage, a characteristic that distinguishes it from non-OTS materials, such as amorphous tellurium. Our findings provide an in-depth understanding of the structure and electronic characteristics of amorphous GeTe6, which can promote the design and application of the Te-rich threshold switching materials. Most Ge-centered tetrahedrons in amorphous GeTe6 are formed by stable Ge-Te bonds, ensuring the stability of amorphous configurations.

关键词： Threshold voltage

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Scalable Laser Manufacturing of High-Aspect-Ratio Superhydrophobic and Ferromagnetic Microcilia Arrays for Aqueous Droplet Transportation

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SMALL METHODS 2025年

作者： Tan, Min Gong, Rongrong Chen, Yi Kim, Minseong Lu, Xupeng Liu, Huan Yang, Rongliang Xu, Yang Zhong, Haosong Huang, Yangyi Fan, Zhiyong Liu, Yang Li, Mitch Guijun Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol Ctr Smart Mfg Div Integrat Syst & Design Clear Water BayKowloon Hong Kong 999077 Peoples R China Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol State Key Lab Adv Displays & Optoelect Technol Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong 999077 Peoples R China Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol Dept Elect & Comp Engn Kowloon Clear Water Bay Hong Kong 999077 Peoples R China Hong Kong Polytech Univ Dept Appl Phys Hung Hom Hong Kong 999077 Peoples R China Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol Chinese Natl Engn Res Ctr Tissue Restorat & Recons Hong Kong Branch Clear Water BayKowloon Hong Kong 999077 Peoples R China

Biological cilia exhibit metachronal movements that enable the expulsion of substances such as mucus and bacterial cells. Inspired by biological cilia, significant progress has been made in recent years in the development of artificial cilia. In particular, magnetic actuation has emerged as a prominent strategy for real-time, remote-controlled manipulation, offering noninvasive and reversible operation without inducing irreversible damage. However, the fabrication of artificial microcilia is currently constrained by limitations in achieving high aspect ratios, cost-effectiveness, and scalable production. In this study, advanced laser manufacturing is used to drill porous silicon (Si) templates, successfully demolding microcilia with a high aspect ratio (exceeding 9). By integrating silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles, a superhydrophobic surface is achieved with a hierarchical micro-nano structure. The experiments demonstrated that these structured microcilia not only exhibit remarkable durability but also maintain long-term superhydrophobicity. Furthermore, by blending with magnetic iron (II, III) oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles, superhydrophobic magnetic microcilia arrays (SMMA) are developed, enabling droplet transportation on their surface controlled by an external magnetic field. These artificial microcilia have potential applications in biomedical devices, self-cleaning anti-fouling surfaces, and human sensing technologies.

关键词： laser manufacturing hierarchical micro-nano structure superhydrophobicity magnetic microcilia arrays droplets transportation

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Commercial carbon cloth: An emerging substrate for practical lithium metal batteries

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ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS 2022年 48卷 172-190页

作者： Zhang, Shuai Xiao, Shenyi Li, Deping Liao, Jialin Ji, Fengjun Liu, Hongbin Ci, Lijie Harbin Inst Technol Shenzhen Sch Mat Sci & Engn State Key Lab Adv Welding & Joining Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China Shandong Univ Res Ctr Carbon Nanomat Sch Mat & Engn Key Lab Liquid Solid Struct Evolut & Proc Mat Jinan 250061 Peoples R China

Lithium metal anode is regarded as a key part of the next generation battery owing to its high specific energy density and low electrode potential. However, the easily produced lithium dendrite becomes a bottleneck hindering the practical application. Various solutions have been developed to alleviate the above issue, of which introducing carbon-based substrates with a high conductivity has been enormously reported as an effective strategy for regulating the lithium deposition. Meantime, commercial carbon fiber cloth with merits of 3D structure, good flexibility, good electrical conductivity, cheap and self-standing feature is emerging as an ideal choice for practical lithium metal batteries. However, the reviews and perspectives over the lipophilicity modification of carbon cloth-based substrates for advanced lithium metal batteries are still absent. Therefore, we propose this review for summarizing the progress on CC based lithium metal batteries and addressing the perspectives in the near future. In this review, we present three aspects based on the different mechanisms of modification strategies when carbon cloth acts as a host residence for lithium metal anodes. In the first part, the direct use of carbon cloth as a lithium metal anode using SEI and the mechanism of LixC reaction occurring when carbon cloth acts as anode host are described through a section. In the second part, the carbon cloth surface modification strategies using heteroatom doping and functional group introduction as well as the construction of surface nanoscale cracks are described in one section, and their common features are summarized. In the third section, the lithium metal anode modification strategies using lithiophilic but non-reactive materials (CNTs, heteroatom-doped graphene, etc.) and lithiophilic and reactive materials (Zn, ZnO, CuO, CoO, TiO2 etc.) to modify carbon cloth to build sur-face nanostructures are presented in two sections, and the intrinsic mechanisms are clarified th

关键词： Lithium metal batteries Carbon based materials Carbon cloth Self-standing Surface modification

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Privacy-Preserving Byzantine-Robust Federated Learning via Blockchain Systems

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION FORENSICS AND SECURITY 2022年 17卷 2848-2861页

作者： Miao, Yinbin Liu, Ziteng Li, Hongwei Choo, Kim-Kwang Raymond Deng, Robert H. Xidian Univ Sch Cyber Engn Xian 710071 Peoples R China Key Lab Blockchain & Cyberspace Governance Zhejia Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Dept Comp Sci & Engn Chengdu 610051 Peoples R China Univ Texas San Antonio Dept Informat Syst & Cyber Secur San Antonio TX 78249 USA Singapore Management Univ Sch Informat Syst Singapore 178902 Singapore

Federated learning enables clients to train a machine learning model jointly without sharing their local data. However, due to the centrality of federated learning framework and the untrustworthiness of clients, traditional federated learning solutions are vulnerable to poisoning attacks from malicious clients and servers. In this paper, we aim to mitigate the impact of the central server and malicious clients by designing a Privacy-preserving Byzantine-robust Federated Learning (PBFL) scheme based on blockchain. Specifically, we use cosine similarity to judge the malicious gradients uploaded by malicious clients. Then, we adopt fully homomorphic encryption to provide secure aggregation. Finally, we use blockchain system to facilitate transparent processes and implementation of regulations. Our formal analysis proves that our scheme achieves convergence and provides privacy protection. Our extensive experiments on different datasets demonstrate that our scheme is robust and efficient. Even if the root dataset is small, our scheme can achieve the same efficiency as FedSGD.

关键词： Servers Blockchains Collaborative work Computational modeling Training Resists Privacy Federated learning poisoning attacks fully homomorphic encryption blockchain

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Emerging WS_(2)/WSe_(2)@graphene nanocomposites: synthesis and electrochemical energy storage applications

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Rare Metals 2024年第1期43卷 1-19页

作者： Yu-Meng Gao Yong Liu Kai-Jia Feng Jun-Qing Ma Ying-Jie Miao Bin-Rui Xu Kun-Ming Pan Osaka Akiyoshi Guang-Xin Wang Ke-Ke Zhang Qiao-Bao Zhang National Joint Engineering Research Center for Abrasion Control and Molding of Metal Materials Henan Key Laboratory of Non-Ferrous Materials Science and Processing TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHenan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471023China Provincial and Ministerial Co-Construction of Collaborative School of Electrical Engineering Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471023China Biomaterials Laboratory Faculty of EngineeringOkayama UniversityTsushima-NakeOkayama-Shi 700-8530Japan Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of MaterialsXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China

In recent years, tungsten disulfide(WS_(2)) and tungsten selenide(WSe_(2)) have emerged as favorable electrode materials because of their high theoretical capacity, large interlayer spacing, and high chemical activity;nevertheless, they have relatively low electronic conductivity and undergo large volume expansion during cycling, which greatly hinder them in practical applications. These drawbacks are addressed by combining a superior type of carbon material, graphene, with WS_(2) and WSe_(2) to form a WS_(2)/WSe_(2)@graphene *** materials have received considerable attention in electro-chemical energy storage applications such as lithium-ion batteries(LIBs), sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),and supercapacitors. Considering the rapidly growing research enthusiasm on this topic over the past several years, here the recent progress of WS_(2)/WSe_(2)@graphene nanocomposites in electrochemical energy storage applications is summarized. Furthermore, various methods for the synthesis of WS_(2)/WSe_(2)@graphene nanocomposites are reported and the relationships among these methods, nano/microstructures, and electrochemical performance are systematically summarized and discussed. In addition, the challenges and prospects for the future study and application of WS_(2)/WSe_(2)@graphene nanocomposites in electrochemical energy storage applications are proposed.

关键词： WS_(2)/WSe_(2)@graphene nanocomposites Liion batteries(LIBs) Na-ion batteries(SIBs) Supercapacitors Electrochemical performance

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Privacy-Preserving Asynchronous Federated Learning Framework in Distributed IoT

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IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL 2023年第15期10卷 13281-13291页

作者： Yan, Xinru Miao, Yinbin Li, Xinghua Choo, Kim-Kwang Raymond Meng, Xiangdong Deng, Robert H. H. Xidian Univ Sch Cyber Engn Xian 710071 Peoples R China Henan Key Lab Network Cryptog Technol Zhengzhou 450001 Peoples R China State Key Lab Math Engn & Adv Comp Zhengzhou 450001 Peoples R China Xidian Univ Sch Cyber Engn State Key Lab Integrated Serv Networks Xian 710071 Peoples R China Minist Educ Engn Res Ctr Big Data Secur Xian 710071 Peoples R China Univ Texas San Antonio Dept Informat Syst & Cyber Secur San Antonio TX 78249 USA Singapore Management Univ Sch Informat Syst Singapore 178902 Singapore

To solve the data island issue in the distributed Internet of Things (IoT) without privacy leakage, privacy-preserving federated learning (PPFL) has been extensively explored in both academic and industrial fields. However, existing PPFL solutions still suffer from a single point of failure and incur untrusted aggregation results caused by a malicious central server, and even cause a loss of model accuracy in an asynchronous setting. To solve these issues, we propose a privacy-preserving asynchronous federated learning scheme by using blockchain. Specifically, we use blockchain to address single points of failure and untrustworthy aggregation results, implement reliable model aggregation utilizing a practical byzantine fault-tolerant protocol in an asynchronous setting, and leverage differential privacy to improve system robustness. Formal security analysis and convergence analysis demonstrate that the proposed scheme is secure and robust, and extensive experiments demonstrate that our scheme can effectively ensure the accuracy of the system when compared with state-of-the-art schemes.

关键词： Asynchronous training blockchain differential privacy (DP) federated learning (FL)

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Interfacial encapsulation stress management of micron-sized porous SiO anodes for high-energy lithium-ion batteries

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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A 2023年第2期11卷 972-982页

作者： Fang, Xiao Zhu, Guanjia Yuan, Shuai Wang, Lingling Shi, Liyi Yu, Wei Zhang, Haijiao Shanghai Polytech Univ Sch Energy & Mat Shanghai 201209 Peoples R China Shanghai Univ Inst Nanochem & Nanobiol Shanghai 200444 Peoples R China Shanghai Univ Res Ctr Nanosci & Nanotechnol Shanghai 200444 Peoples R China Shanghai Univ Emerging Ind Inst Shanghai 314006 Zhejiang Peoples R China

Encapsulating micron-sized porous silicon monoxide (SiO) with conductive carbon materials has shown enormous potential as practical high-performance anodes for lithium-ion batteries. However, constructing an ideal integral interfacial coating layer to accommodate the dynamic evolution of SiO microparticles remains a huge challenge. Here, the stress fields of SiO microparticles with three types of coating strategies are studied via finite element modeling. The results demonstrate that the soft coating can better alleviate the tensile stress during lithiation processes compared with other hard and hard-soft dual-layer coatings. Consequently, a robust SiO-based anode is intelligently designed, in which porous SiO microparticles are encapsulated in a graphene hydrogel monolith (p-SiO@rGO). The ductility and sliding characteristics of the highly interlinked graphene architecture effectively release the large tensile stress of SiO particles upon lithiation, ensuring the structural integrality of the entire electrode. The p-SiO@rGO electrode shows a superior lithium storage capacity, including high initial coulombic efficiency (76.4%), long cycling durability (589.7 mA h g(-1) at 2 A g(-1), 1000 cycles later) and prominent rate performance (841.6 mA h g(-1) at 5 A g(-1)). This study provides a helpful guideline for designing high-performance SiO-based anodes with long durability for practical energy storage.

关键词： Anodes

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Enhanced inverse problem solution in angle-resolved scatterometry using a combination of library search and particle swarm algorithm

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OPTICS AND LASER technology 2025年 184卷

作者： Yang, Dekun Liang, Wei Wang, Shizhao Shen, Wei Zhou, Jiantao Wang, Guanjun Shen, Chong Hainan Univ Sch Elect Sci & Technol Haikou 570228 Peoples R China Wuhan Univ Sch Power & Mech Engn Wuhan 430072 Peoples R China Wuhan Univ Inst Technol Sci Wuhan 430072 Peoples R China

The angle-resolved scatterometer (ARS) is a model-based technique that has demonstrated significant potential for critical dimension (CD) measurements in integrated circuit (IC) manufacturing due to its high speed, accuracy, and non-contact operation. ARS is essentially an inverse problem-solving process. Traditional methods, such as library search, rely on extensive spectral databases with fine grid intervals, which impose substantial storage and computational demands. Nonlinear regression techniques, like the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm, require significant computational resources for real-time Jacobian matrix evaluations, limiting their applicability for online measurements. To overcome these challenges, we propose a hybrid method combining library search and particle swarm optimization (LSPSO). This approach employs a sparse spectral library with large grid intervals (LGI), dramatically reducing storage requirements. The LGI library also guides the initial search direction for the PSO, eliminating the need for early model evaluations and improving computational efficiency by reducing the number of model computations. Simulations on both single-parameter (film) and multi-parameter (grating) models demonstrate the accuracy of LSPSO, with noise analysis further confirming its stability. Experimental validation on grating structures reveals that LSPSO improves computational efficiency by 52% compared to standard PSO and operates 1.7 times faster than the LM method. Moreover, the spectral data required by LSPSO is reduced to just 0.1% of the data needed by traditional library search methods. These results position LSPSO as a highly efficient, accurate, and resource-efficient solution for CD measurements in ARS applications.

关键词： Angle-resolved scatterometer Inverse problem solution Library search Particle swarm optimization

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