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Roughness characterization and shearing dislocation failure for rock-backfill interface

International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第6期31卷 1167-1176页

作者： Meifeng Cai Zhilou Feng Qifeng Guo Xiong Yin Minghui Ma Xun Xi Key Laboratory of High-Efficient Mine and Safety of Metal Mines of Ministry of Education Beijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Urban and Underground Space Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Shandong Gold Group Co LtdJinan 250102China

Shearing dislocation is a common failure type for rock–backfill interfaces because of backfill sedimentation and rock strata movement in backfill mining *** paper designed a test method for rock–backfill shearing *** digital image techno-logy and three-dimensional(3D)laser morphology scanning techniques,a set of 3D models with rough joint surfaces was ***,the mechanical behavior of rock–backfill shearing dislocation was investigated using a direct shear *** effects of interface roughness on the shear–displacement curve and failure characteristics of rock–backfill specimens were *** 3D fractal dimen-sion,profile line joint roughness coefficient(JRC),profile line two-dimensional fractal dimension,and the surface curvature of the frac-tures were *** correlation characterization of surface roughness was then analyzed,and the shear strength could be measured and calculated using *** results showed the following:there were three failure threshold value points in rock–backfill shearing dis-location:30%–50%displacement before the peak,70%–90%displacement before the peak,and 100%displacement before the peak to post-peak,which could be a sign for rock–backfill shearing dislocation *** surface JRC could be used to judge the rock–backfill shearing dislocation failure,including post-peak sliding,uniform variations,and gradient change,corresponding to rock–backfill disloca-tion failure on the field *** research reveals the damage mechanism for rock–backfill complexes based on the free joint surface,fills the gap of existing shearing theoretical systems for isomerism complexes,and provides a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of possible disasters in backfill mining.

关键词： rock–backfill roughness correlation characterization shearing dislocation interface failure

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The formation of triple-core-shell precipitate and its refining to primary MX phase in Y-containing 11Cr F/M steel

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MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2025年

作者： Lu, Ning Xia, Min Zhang, Jun Huang, Xiaodong Yan, Qingzhi Univ Sci & Technol Beijing Sch Mat Sci & Engn Xueyuan Rd 30Haidian Dist Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

Primary MX phase has a significantly influence on the mechanical property of steels. Thus, it is necessary to control it during solidification. In this work, Y-containing 11Cr F/M steel was prepared by three processes of vacuum induction melting (VIM), Air electroslag remelting (ESR), and Ar-protected ESR. Different precipitates were statistically analyzed using a dual-beam scanning electron microscope with 3.2 mm2 of view. Compared to VIM, both air ESR and Ar ESR could refine the MX phases. Especially, triple-core-shell precipitate of YAlO3-TiN/(Ti, V)N-NbC/(Nb, Mo)C was found in ESR. Due to the nucleation of YAlO3 derived from electroslag reaction and its low lattice mismatch with TiN, MX phases were refined to below 1 mu m.

关键词： precipitate Yttrium-treatment electroslag remelting heterogeneous nucleation heat-resisting steel

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Fabrication of Thick Graphite Films with Considerable Conductivity via Gas Expansion and Polyamide Acid-Assisted Low-Temperature Repair

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INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY research 2025年第7期64卷 3820-3830页

作者： Guan, Rongting Lin, Weizhi Chen, Feng Fu, Qiang Sichuan Univ Coll Polymer Sci & Engn State Key Lab Polymer Mat Engn Chengdu 610065 Peoples R China

Graphite sheets with pi-pi conjugated structures offer easy processing and scalability for large-scale films, showing excellent phonon transport properties. However, the strong oxidation and nonoxidized state of the graphite sheets are not conducive to fabricating thick graphite films, significantly limiting their potential applications in next-generation flexible electronics. To address this challenge, weakly oxidized wrinkled graphite nanosheets (WGNs) were developed, positioned between strong oxidation and nonoxidation states. The WGNs were further combined with polyamide acid (PAA) via noncovalent functional auxiliary dispersion. During the staged heating process, the defect repair mechanism facilitated by PAA enabled the restoration of the lattice structure of the graphite film (WGNF-C) at a lower temperature (1400 degrees C). As a result, the prepared thick WGNF-C film (98.01 mu m) exhibits excellent in-plane thermal conductivity (471.2 W m-1 K-1), out-plane thermal conductivity (4.5 W m-1 K-1), electrical conductivity (3790.4 S/cm), and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (73.2 dB). Moreover, the film's wrinkled structure also gives it high tensile strength (32.6 MPa) and good flexibility. This bubble-mediated method, featuring controllable oxidation and enhanced by PAA-assisted dispersion and defect repair, provides new insights into the controlled processing of graphite. It also offers a novel design pathway for constructing flexible, high-conductivity thick graphite films.

关键词： Flexible electronics

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In Silico Epitope-Based Peptide Vaccine Design Against Influenza B Virus: An Immunoinformatics Approach

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PROCESSES 2025年第3期13卷

作者： Wu, Hao Zhao, Chenyan Cheng, Ziqi Huang, Weijin Yu, Yongxin Natl Inst Food & Drug Control NIFDC Inst Biol Prod Control Beijing 102629 Peoples R China Wuhan Inst Biol Prod Co Ltd Lab Viral Vaccine Res 2 Wuhan 430207 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Med Sci & Peking Union Med Coll Beijing 100730 Peoples R China

Background/Objectives: Influenza viruses are highly transmissible and mutable, posing a significant burden on public health. This study aimed to design a recombinant multi-epitope vaccine with broad protective potential. Methods: Immunoinformatic approaches were employed to predict epitopes from over 30,000 protein sequences retrieved from protein databases. Epitopes were filtered using four key indicators: antigenicity, allergenicity, toxicity, and conservancy. Population coverage analysis was conducted to estimate the proportion of the global population that could potentially benefit from the vaccine. Secondary and tertiary structures of the recombinant vaccine were predicted using the PSIPRED server and AlphaFold2. The vaccine efficacy was validated through an immune simulation, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation. Results: A recombinant multi-epitope vaccine demonstrating strong antigenicity, no allergenicity or toxicity, and high conservation across different subtypes was successfully constructed. Population coverage analysis indicated that the vaccine could elicit an immune response in 90.14% of the global population. Both the secondary and tertiary structures of the vaccine were accurately predicted. Molecular dynamics simulations further validated the structural stability and interactions of the vaccine components with TRL4. Molecular docking confirmed the robust binding affinity of T-cell epitopes to MHC molecules. Simulated immunity studies showed that the vaccine induced the proliferation of memory B cells and T cells, enabling rapid antibody production during viral challenges. Conclusions: This study provides a promising basis for the development of a broadly protective influenza vaccine, leveraging cutting-edge immunoinformatics and molecular dynamics simulations to address the global challenge posed by influenza virus variability.

关键词： influenza B immunoinformatic structure prediction recombinant vaccine immune simulation

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Directed Evolution of an Alginate Lyase from Flammeovirga sp. for Seaweed Fertilizer Production from the Brown Seaweed Laminaria japonica

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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2025年第2期73卷 1468-1477页

作者： Jiang, Jun Hu, Zhiyi Wang, Yue Jiang, Zhengqiang Yan, Qiaojuan Yang, Shaoqing China Agr Univ Coll Food Sci & Nutr Engn Beijing 100083 Peoples R China China Agr Univ Coll Engn Key Lab Food Bioengn China Natl Light Ind Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

An alginate lyase (FsAly7) from Flammeovirga sp. was engineered by directed evolution to improve its optimum temperature and thermostability. The optimum temperature of the positive mutant mFsAly7 (FsAly7-Ser43Pro) was increased by 5 degrees C, and the thermal inactivation half-lives at 40 and 45 degrees C were 4.4 and 5.6 times higher than those of FsAly7, respectively. mFsAly7 was expressed in high levels in Pichia pastoris with the highest yield of 3125.5 UmL-1. On the property-improved enzyme, a bioconversion strategy was developed to prepare the Laminaria japonica hydrolysate, and the highest AOS yield (29.5 mgmL-1) was 1.5 times higher than that of FsAly7. Moreover, the application potential of the L. japonica hydrolysate as an organic fertilizer was evaluated. The addition of L. japonica hydrolysate improved the sprouting rate, fresh mass, seedling height, and stem diameter of the buckwheat sprouts. Therefore, mFsAly7 may be a good candidate for the production of seaweed fertilizers from L. japonica.

关键词： alginate lyase directed evolution thermostability Laminaria japonica hydrolysate buckwheat sprouts

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Application of downshifting and antireflection stacked layers synthesized using a wet chemistry method with broad UV excitation for silicon heterojunction solar cells

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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C 2025年第5期13卷 2356-2366页

作者： Zhao, Xiaowen Xu, Chuangen Wei, Jindi Wang, Haobo Yang, Ruipeng Wang, Xiaoliang Ye, Xiaojun East China Univ Sci & Technol Sch Mat Sci & Engn Shanghai 200237 Peoples R China Chenguang Changzhou New Mat Technol Co Ltd Changzhou 213001 Jiangsu Peoples R China Power Investment Chuangu Solar Technol Wuxi Co Ltd Wuxi 214000 Jiangsu Peoples R China

Silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells have enormous application prospects due to their high efficiency and small carbon footprint. However, during long-term use, the i-a-Si passivation layer of heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells tends to be destroyed by ultraviolet radiation, causing performance degradation. To eliminate this impact, downshifting (DS) materials of YVO4:Eu3+,Bi3+ on the glass surface absorb ultraviolet light and convert it to wavelengths with a higher spectral response of SHJ solar cells. Furthermore, adding anti-reflection (AR) layers on the DS layer's surface will help maintain high transmittance and weather resistance. YVO4:Eu3+,Bi3+ is prepared by using a wet chemical method, with no need for additional manufacturing of phosphors. The DS layer achieves uniform luminescence and expands the excitation spectrum. The average transmittance of glass coated with downshifting and anti-reflection (DSAR) is 96.80%, higher than that of glass with AR only. After high temperature and high humidity tests, the average transmittance of DSAR glass and the short-circuit current density of the module decreased by 1.44% and 0.59 mA cm-2, much lower than that of AR coating (decreased) samples, which decreased by 2.53% and 1.43 mA cm-2. After the UV test, the luminous intensity of the DSAR layer is much higher than that of the DS layer. Therefore, the DSAR layer could offer an easy industrialization approach to improve the outdoor reliability of SHJ solar cells.

关键词： Carbon footprint

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Catalytic Aqueous Phase Conversion of Cellulose to Ethanol over Multifunctional Pt/WO X /SiO2 Catalysts

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ENERGY & FUELS 2025年第15期39卷 7339-7348页

作者： Jin, Kaixin Lu, Xiao Li, Zhouwen Zhao, Guangmai Li, Wanpeng Zhang, Xuewei Wang, Haiyong Wu, Junzhang Xie, Xiaobin Zhao, Li Zhu, Tianhan Liao, Yuhe Wang, Chenguang Zhang, Dalei Shenyang Aerosp Univ Sch Energy & Environm Shenyang 110136 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Guangzhou Inst Energy Convers Guangzhou 510640 Peoples R China Guangdong Tobacco Ind Co Ltd Guangzhou 510640 Peoples R China Liaoning Inst Energy Res Co Ltd Yingkou 115003 Peoples R China

Cellulosic ethanol is a pivotal biofuel, and its chemocatalytic production from lignocellulosic biomass is crucial for addressing global energy challenges. In this study, a series of Pt-loaded catalysts were developed by sequentially loading varying weight percentages (wt %) of Pt and W onto SiO2 carriers using the impregnation method. The catalysts were comprehensively characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy to analyze the metal dispersion and active oxidation states on the SiO2 support. Under hydrothermal conditions (240 degrees C and 4 MPa H2), cellulose was directly converted to ethanol in the aqueous phase, achieving an ethanol yield of 37.5 C%. The catalysts demonstrated excellent stability, maintaining high activity over at least five consecutive reaction cycles. Notably, the WO3 component played a key role in facilitating C-C bond cleavage and hydrolyzing cellulose into glucose and ethanal intermediates. These intermediates were swiftly transferred to the Pt active sites, further promoting the formation of ethylene glycol. Among the catalysts, 3%Pt-15%WO3/SiO2 exhibited optimal performance due to its well-balanced ratios of Pt0 and Pt2+, which enabled selective C-O bond activation and significantly enhanced ethanol production.

关键词： Ethylene glycol

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Effects of nitrogen reduction on the agronomic characteristics, quality, and water and fertilizer use efficiency of tomato (lycopersicon esculintum mill.) between drip fertigation and negative-pressure fertigation

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IRRIGATION SCIENCE 2025年第2期43卷 305-319页

作者： Wang, Jiajia Wang, Changjun Long, Huaiyu Bryant, Ray Drohan, Patrick J. Qu, Fengchen Liu, Dichuan Zhu, Guolong Wang, Zhuan Wang, Le Chinese Acad Agr Sci Inst Agr Resources & Reg Planning Beijing 100081 Peoples R China Ningxia Acad Agr & Forestry Sci Inst Agr Resources & Environm Yinchuan 750002 Peoples R China Sinochem Environm Remediat Shandong Co Ltd Zibo 255000 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci Lab Soil Environm Sci & Technol Beijing 100085 Peoples R China USDA ARS Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit Univ Pk State Coll PA 16802 USA Coll Agr Sci Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management Univ Pk State Coll PA 16802 USA

The aim of the study is to compare the agronomic characteristics, crop quality, water use efficiency (WUE), and fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) of tomato (Lycopersicon esculintum Mill.) between drip fertigation (DI) and negative-pressure fertigation (NPI). Four treatments were evaluated in a greenhouse plot experiment for their effects on soil moisture and soil available nitrogen and plant photosynthetic, nitrogen uptake, fruit quality, yield, irrigation water use efficiency (WUEi), and FUE: (1) NPI fertigation with no nitrogen fertilization (NPI-F-0.00);(2) NPI fertigation with 75% conventional fertilization (NPI-F-0.75);(3) DI fertigation with no nitrogen fertilization (DI-F-0.00);and (4) DI fertigation with 100% conventional fertilization (DI-F-1.00). Compared with those under NPI fertigation, the sugar-acid ratio (30%), vitamin C content (34%), soluble solids content (20%), and nitrate concentration (34%) of tomato fruits under DI fertigation decreased. In addition, the WUE across treatments significantly decreased in the order of NPI-F-0.75 > NPI-F-0.00 > DI-F-1.00 > DI-F-0.00;notably, compared with NPI, water consumption increased twofold-fold, and WUE decreased by 47% under DI. The apparent recovery efficiency of applied nitrogen, partial factor productivity from applied nitrogen, and agronomic efficiency of applied nitrogen under NPI-F-0.75 were greater than those under DI-F-1.00. Both DI and NPI were able to maintain a relatively high tomato yield, but NPI performed slightly better. The yield percentage increase from the soil fertility contribution under NPI and DI was greater than 90%. Compared with DI fertigation, NPI fertigation reduced the amount of fertilizer needed without reducing yield or fruit quality and improved WUE and FUE, resulting in better overall use of soil nutrients by tomato plants.

关键词： Negative-pressure irrigation Drip irrigation Photosynthetic parameters Nitrogen uptake Fruit quality Fruit yield Plant growth

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Co-doped V2O5 nanozyme with excellent peroxidase- and oxidase-like activities for efficient degradation of oxytetracycline without an activator

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NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2025年第11期49卷 4682-4691页

作者： Li, Ruiyi Yang, Chen Li, Zaijun Jiangnan Univ Sch Chem & Mat Engn Key Lab Synthet & Biol Colloids Minist Educ Wuxi 214122 Peoples R China Jiangnan Univ Sch Life Sci & Hlth Engn Wuxi 214122 Peoples R China

Metal oxide nanozymes have shown great promise in degradation of organic pollutants because of their good structural stability, functional versatility and low cost. However, their relatively low catalytic activity restricts their wide applications. This study reports a pathway for synthesis of a Co-doped V2O5 nanozyme by introducing histidine and serine-functionalized and boron-doped graphene quantum dots (RSB-GQDs). V5+ and Co2+ were converted into a water-soluble V/Co-RSB-GQD complex via coordination and subsequently annealed to form RSB-GQD@V2O5-Co. The introduction of RSB-GQD leads to the formation of small V2O5 nanocrystals and rich oxygen vacancies as well as graphene surface modification. Co doping leads to the production of more oxygen vacancies. The integration of RSB-GQDs and Co doping significantly improves electrical conductivity, functional versatility, structural stability and affinity towards oxytetracycline. The V2O5-Co in RSB-GQD@V2O5-Co exhibits ultra-high oxidase-like activity, showing a specific activity of 125.95 U mg-1 and ultra-high peroxidase-like activity, indicating a specific activity of 893.35 U mg-1. These activities are better than those of choline oxidase and horseradish peroxidase. In the absence of an activator, the degradation efficiency of oxytetracycline reached 97.41% in 5 min, which is more than 3-fold that of only V2O5. Such an excellent catalytic behavior can be attributed to the production of multiple active species, including 1O2, O2-, (OH)-O-center dot, and electron holes induced by RSB-GQD@V2O5-Co. This study also paves a way for design and synthesis of metal oxide nanozymes with a desirable catalytic performance.

关键词： Nanocrystals

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Design and preparation of a crosslinkable,oil-resistant,and bio-based elastomer from fumarate

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Science china Chemistry 2024年第2期67卷 622-631页

作者： Hui Yang Haijun Ji Xinxin Zhou Shihan Yang Liwei Li Chaoying Sun Weiwei Lei Runguo Wang Liqun Zhang Beijing State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites&Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Faculty of Materials Science and EngineeringHubei UniversityWuhan430062China

Poly(diethyl fumarate-co-methoxyethyl acrylate-co-vinyl chloroacetate)(PDEFMV),a novel bio-based elastomer with a saturated structure,was synthesized via redox emulsion *** glass-transition temperatures of PDEFMV,adjusted through the variation of the diethyl fumarate-to-methoxyethyl acrylate feeding ratio,ranged from-36.1 to-14.8 ℃.The number-average molecular weights of PDEFMV ranged from 384,000 to 46,000 g/*** designing the molecular structure,vinyl chloroacetate was used to provide active sites for subsequent vulcanization and *** active chlorine groups within the PDEFMV chain reacted with the crosslinking agent trithiocyanuric acid under high temperature and pressure to form a nonsulfur crosslinked three-dimensional network *** achieve the desired properties,carbon black(CB,N330) was incorporated to reinforce PDEFMV,leading to the formation of PDEFMV/CB composites.A comprehensive study was conducted on the high-temperature oil resistance of PDEFMV/CB *** immersion in IRM903 oil at temperatures of 150 and 200 ℃ for 72 h,the mass and volume changes in PDEFMV/CB were lower than those observed in commercially available acrylate rubber(AR)/CB,indicating that PDEFMV exhibited superior oil ***,the aging characteristics and mechanisms of oil resistance in the PDEFMV/CB and AR/CB composites were investigated at different temperatures(150,200,and 250 ℃).The results provide insights into the operational temperature ranges suitable for PDEFMV/CB and offer valuable guidance for potential industrial applications.

关键词： diethyl fumarate molecular design bio-based elastomer solvent-free synthetic route high-temperature oil resistance

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